A porphyrin/β-cyclodextrin conjugated nano-system having a pan-lid molecular structure for smart drug carrier applications

Fabrication of Supramolecular System Derived from Poly β-cyclodextrin Coupling Quinoline Dderivative and Its Fluorescence Sensing of Zinc Ion in Pure Water Environment

Cyclodextrin (CD) is an important guest material owing to the water solubility and biocompatibility. In the paper, an organic small molecule was synthesized. According to supramolecular self-assembly, the organic molecule was bounded to the cavity of Poly β-cyclodextrin, which was characterized by IR, SEM and TEM et al. After self-assembly interaction, the morphology has changed obviously comparing with precursors. Simultaneously, the supramolecular self-assembly complex exhibited good water solubility. Moreover, By Gaussian calculation, the high binding activity between organic molecule and cyclodextrin was confirmed. By fluorescence investigation, the supramolecular system showed high fluorescence sensing activity for Zn2+ in pure water environment, which could track the dynamic change of Zn2+ in organisms. In addition, the supramolecular system exhibited low cytotoxicity. The work provided an interesting pathway for constructing water-soluble and low cytotoxic fluorescence sensor for Zn2+.

Supramolecular Assemblies based on Polymeric Cyclodextrin Nanosponges and a Cationic Porphyrin with Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Action

Within of the increasing requirement of alternative approaches to fight emerging infections, nano-photosensitisers (nanoPS) are currently designed with the aim to optimize the antimicrobial photodynamic (aPDT) efficacy. The utilize of less expensive nanocarriers prepared by simple and eco-friendly methodologies and commercial photosensitisers are highly desiderable. In this direction, here we propose a novel nanoassembly composed of water soluble anionic polyester β-CD nanosponges (β-CD-PYRO hereafter named βNS) and the cationic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4- yl)porphine (TMPyP). Nanoassemblies were prepared in ultrapure water by mixing PS and βNS, by exploiting their mutual electrostatic interaction, and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques such as UV/Vis, Steady-State and Time Resolved Fluorescence, Dynamic Light Scattering and ζ-potential. NanoPS produce appreciable amount of single oxygen similar to free porphyrin and a prolonged stability after 6 days of incubations in physiological conditions and following photoirradiation. Antimicrobial photodynamic action against fatal hospital-acquired infections such as P. aeruginosa and S. aureus was investigated by pointing out the ability of cationic porphyrin loaded- CD nanosponges to photo-kill bacterial cells at prolonged time of incubation and following irradiation (MBC₉₉ = 3.75 µM, light dose = 54.82 J/cm²).

Probing the Interactions of Porphyrins with Macromolecules Using NMR Spectroscopy Techniques

Porphyrinic compounds are widespread in nature and play key roles in biological processes such as oxygen transport in blood, enzymatic redox reactions or photosynthesis. In addition, both naturally derived as well as synthetic porphyrinic compounds are extensively explored for biomedical and technical applications such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) or photovoltaic systems, respectively. Their unique electronic structures and photophysical properties make this class of compounds so interesting for the multiple functions encountered. It is therefore not surprising that optical methods are typically the prevalent analytical tool applied in characterization and processes involving porphyrinic compounds. However, a wealth of complementary information can be obtained from NMR spectroscopic techniques. Based on the advantage of providing structural and dynamic information with atomic resolution simultaneously, NMR spectroscopy is a powerful method for studying molecular interactions between porphyrinic compounds and macromolecules. Such interactions are of special interest in medical applications of porphyrinic photosensitizers that are mostly combined with macromolecular carrier systems. The macromolecular surrounding typically stabilizes the encapsulated drug and may also modify its physical properties. Moreover, the interaction with macromolecular physiological components needs to be explored to understand and control mechanisms of action and therapeutic efficacy. This review focuses on such non-covalent interactions of porphyrinic drugs with synthetic polymers as well as with biomolecules such as phospholipids or proteins. A brief introduction into various NMR spectroscopic techniques is given including chemical shift perturbation methods, NOE enhancement spectroscopy, relaxation time measurements and diffusion-ordered spectroscopy. How these NMR tools are used to address porphyrin-macromolecule interactions with respect to their function in biomedical applications is the central point of the current review.

Modelling haemoproteins: porphyrins and cyclodextrins as sources of inspiration

The association of hydrophobic cavities with porphyrin derivatives has been used to mimic haemoprotein structures. The most employed cavity in this field is β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), and scaffolds combining β-CDs and porphyrins are expected to inspire the combination of porphyrins and cucurbiturils in the near future. Aside from providing water solubility to various porphyrinic structures, the β-CD framework can also modulate and control the reactivity of the metal core of the porphyrin. After a general introduction of the challenges faced in the field of haemoprotein models and the binding behavior of β-CDs, this article will discuss covalent and non-covalent association of porphyrins with β-CDs. In each approach, the role of the CD differs according to the relative position of the concave CD host, either directly controlling the binding and transformation of a substrate on the metalloporphyrin or playing a dual role of controlling the water solubility and selecting the axial ligand of the metal core. The discussion will be of interest to the cucurbituril community as well as to the cavitand community, as the information provided should be useful for the design of haemoprotein mimics using cucurbiturils.

Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2013-2014

This review is the eighth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2014. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly- saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 37:353-491, 2018.

Synthesis and characterization of new porphyrin/β-cyclodextrin derivatives covalently connected by aliphatic chains of different length

Covalently linked porphyrin/β-cyclodextrin derivatives have been synthesized by reaction between 5,10,15-tris-{p-[9-methoxy-tris-(ethyleneoxy)-phenyl]}-20-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-porphyrin, β-cyclodextrin-6-alcoholate and di-brominated aliphatic chains of different length, and characterized by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, 1H NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy. As a function of chain length, these compounds exhibit different degrees of water solubility, becoming higher with increasing chain length. The lack of self-assemblies between porphyrins and β-cyclodextrins (which renders the two sub-units completely free to perform their activities) and their water solubility, make these compounds excellent candidates in fields like drug-delivery or photodynamic therapy.