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Wang B, Lu Y. Collective Molecular Machines: Multidimensionality and Reconfigurability. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:155. [PMID: 38499833 PMCID: PMC10948734 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Molecular machines are key to cellular activity where they are involved in converting chemical and light energy into efficient mechanical work. During the last 60 years, designing molecular structures capable of generating unidirectional mechanical motion at the nanoscale has been the topic of intense research. Effective progress has been made, attributed to advances in various fields such as supramolecular chemistry, biology and nanotechnology, and informatics. However, individual molecular machines are only capable of producing nanometer work and generally have only a single functionality. In order to address these problems, collective behaviors realized by integrating several or more of these individual mechanical units in space and time have become a new paradigm. In this review, we comprehensively discuss recent developments in the collective behaviors of molecular machines. In particular, collective behavior is divided into two paradigms. One is the appropriate integration of molecular machines to efficiently amplify molecular motions and deformations to construct novel functional materials. The other is the construction of swarming modes at the supramolecular level to perform nanoscale or microscale operations. We discuss design strategies for both modes and focus on the modulation of features and properties. Subsequently, in order to address existing challenges, the idea of transferring experience gained in the field of micro/nano robotics is presented, offering prospects for future developments in the collective behavior of molecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Au-Yeung HY, Deng Y. Distinctive features and challenges in catenane chemistry. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3315-3334. [PMID: 35432874 PMCID: PMC8943846 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
From being an aesthetic molecular object to a building block for the construction of molecular machines, catenanes and related mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) continue to attract immense interest in many research areas. Catenane chemistry is closely tied to that of rotaxanes and knots, and involves concepts like mechanical bonds, chemical topology and co-conformation that are unique to these molecules. Yet, because of their different topological structures and mechanical bond properties, there are some fundamental differences between the chemistry of catenanes and that of rotaxanes and knots although the boundary is sometimes blurred. Clearly distinguishing these differences, in aspects of bonding, structure, synthesis and properties, between catenanes and other MIMs is therefore of fundamental importance to understand their chemistry and explore the new opportunities from mechanical bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Yulin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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3
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Afonin AV, Pavlov DV, Albanov AV, Mal'kina AG. Solvent-induced E/Z isomerization of 2-(furylmethylidene)-1-hydrazinecarbothioamide: The N–H⋅⋅⋅O intramolecular hydrogen bond as promoting factor. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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Vlasceanu A, Cacciarini M, Nielsen MB. Photo/thermochromic macrocycles based on dihydroazulenes, dithienylethenes, and spiropyrans. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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5
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Bazargan G, Sohlberg K. Advances in modelling switchable mechanically interlocked molecular architectures. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2018.1419042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Bazargan
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karl Sohlberg
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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6
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Han X, Liu G, Liu SH, Yin J. Synthesis of rotaxanes and catenanes using an imine clipping reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:10331-10351. [PMID: 27714207 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01581f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry and self-assembly provide a valuable chance to understand the complicated topological structures on a molecular level. Two types of classical mechanically interlocked molecules, rotaxanes and catenanes, possess non-covalent mechanical bonds and have attracted more attention not only in supramolecular chemistry but also in the fields of materials science, nanotechnology and bioscience. In the past decades, the template-directed clipping reaction based on imine chemistry has become one of the most efficient methods for the construction of functionalized rotaxanes and catenanes. In this review, we outlined the main progress of rotaxanes and catenanes using the template-directed clipping approach of imine chemistry. The review contains the novel topological structures of rotaxanes and catenanes, functions and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Han
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Guotao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
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7
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Han X, Li Z, Xu Z, Zhao Z, Liu SH, Yin J. Construction of Crown Ether-Stoppering [3]Rotaxanes Based on N
-Hetero Crown Ether Host. CHINESE J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201600878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xie Han
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University; Wuhan Hubei 430079 China
| | - Ziyong Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University; Wuhan Hubei 430079 China
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University; Luoyang Henan 471022 China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University; Wuhan Hubei 430079 China
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Wuhan University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei 430081 China
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University; Wuhan Hubei 430079 China
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University; Wuhan Hubei 430079 China
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8
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Abstract
The past quarter of a century has witnessed an increasing engagement on the part of physicists and chemists in the design and synthesis of molecular machines de novo. This minireview traces the development of artificial molecular machines from their prototypes in the form of shuttles and switches to their emergence as motors and pumps where supplies of energy in the form of chemical fuel, electrochemical potential and light activation become a minimum requirement for them to function away from equilibrium. The challenge facing this rapidly growing community of scientists and engineers today is one of putting wholly synthetic molecules to work, both individually and as collections. Here, we highlight some of the recent conceptual and practical advances relating to the operation of wholly synthetic rotary and linear motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyang Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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10
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Iwamoto H, Tafuku S, Sato Y, Takizawa W, Katagiri W, Tayama E, Hasegawa E, Fukazawa Y, Haino T. Synthesis of linear [5]catenanes via olefin metathesis dimerization of pseudorotaxanes composed of a [2]catenane and a secondary ammonium salt. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:319-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07562a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
[5]Catenanes were synthesized by olefin metathesis dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Niigata University
- Niigata
- Japan
| | - Shinji Tafuku
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima
- Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Sato
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima
- Japan
| | - Wataru Takizawa
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Niigata University
- Niigata
- Japan
| | - Wataru Katagiri
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Niigata University
- Niigata
- Japan
| | - Eiji Tayama
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Niigata University
- Niigata
- Japan
| | - Eietsu Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Niigata University
- Niigata
- Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Fukazawa
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima
- Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima
- Japan
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11
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Hu F, Cao M, Ma X, Liu SH, Yin J. Visible-Light-Dependent Photocyclization: Design, Synthesis, and Properties of a Cyanine-Based Dithienylethene. J Org Chem 2015; 80:7830-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meijiao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Cao M, Hu F, Han X, Zhang Y, Wu D, Liu SH, Yin J. Aggregation Control of Hemicyanine Fluorescent Dye by Using of Cucurbit[7]uril and Pillar[6]arene. CHINESE J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201400881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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13
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Hu F, Jiang L, Cao M, Xu Z, Huang J, Wu D, Yang W, Liu SH, Yin J. Cyanine-based dithienylethenes: synthesis, characterization, photochromism and biological imaging in living cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12606h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Photochromic materials have been widely used in many fields such as electro-optical functional materials and novel bio-materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Lina Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Meijiao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Juanyun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Wenchao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
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14
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Synthesis and photochromic properties of triazole-bridged dithienylethene compounds with pyrene units. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.11.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Li Z, Han X, Chen H, Wu D, Hu F, Liu SH, Yin J. Construction of photoswitchable rotaxanes and catenanes containing dithienylethene fragments. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7313-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00864f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked structures such as rotaxanes and catenanes provide a novel backbone for constructing functional materials with unique structural characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyong Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Xie Han
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Engineering
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Fang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
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16
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Liu G, Wu D, Liang J, Han X, Liu SH, Yin J. Tetraphenylethene modified [n]rotaxanes: synthesis, characterization and aggregation-induced emission behavior. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:4090-100. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00068h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel [n]rotaxanes based on a tetraphenylethene (TPE) backbone were constructed by a template-directed clipping approach and their structures were well-characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Jinhua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Xie Han
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
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17
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Han X, Cao M, Xu Z, Wu D, Chen Z, Wu A, Liu SH, Yin J. Aggregation-induced emission behavior of a pH-controlled molecular shuttle based on a tetraphenylethene moiety. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:9767-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01393c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A TPE-based molecular shuttle having amide and amine units has been synthesized. The shuttling motion of the macrocycle component can adjust its AIE behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Han
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Meijiao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Zhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Anxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
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18
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Seetha Lakshmi KC, Sinu CR, Padmaja DVM, Gopinathan A, Suresh E, Nair V. A Novel Intramolecular Homoenolate Annulation Leading to the Formation of Cyclopentene-Fused Macrocycles. Org Lett 2014; 16:5532-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol5023239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Seetha Lakshmi
- Organic
Chemistry Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, India
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686 560, India
| | - C. R. Sinu
- Organic
Chemistry Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - D. V. M. Padmaja
- Organic
Chemistry Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | | | - Eringathodi Suresh
- Analytical
Department and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, Bhavnagar 364 002, India
| | - Vijay Nair
- Organic
Chemistry Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, India
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