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Tsukano C, Uchino A, Irie K. Synthesis and applications of symmetric amino acid derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:411-428. [PMID: 37877370 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01379k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Symmetric α-amino acid derivatives can be used for the synthesis of intermolecularly linked peptides such as dimer-type peptides, and modified peptides in which two amino acids are intramolecularly linked. They are also synthetic intermediates for the total synthesis of natural products and functional molecules. These symmetric amino acid derivatives must be prepared based on organic synthesis. It is necessary to develop an optimal synthetic strategy for constructing the target symmetric amino acid derivative. In this review, we will introduce strategies for synthesizing symmetric amino acid derivatives. Additionally, selected applications of these amino acids in the life sciences will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Tsukano
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Ayumi Uchino
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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2
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Synthesis of desmosine-BSA/KLH conjugates via Sonogashira/Negishi cross-coupling reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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Gupta A, Sharma Y, Pawar GP, Ashish, Nihalani D, Chaudhari VD. An Efficient and Scalable Synthesis of Isodesmosine. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aikan Gupta
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR‐Institute of Microbial Technology Chandigarh India
| | - Yogesh Sharma
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR‐Institute of Microbial Technology Chandigarh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Ganesh P. Pawar
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR‐Institute of Microbial Technology Chandigarh India
| | - Ashish
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR‐Institute of Microbial Technology Chandigarh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Deepak Nihalani
- Division of Nephrology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
| | - Vinod D. Chaudhari
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR‐Institute of Microbial Technology Chandigarh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
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5
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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Library of AGE‐Related Amino Acid Triazole Crosslinkers. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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6
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Hirose M, Yokoo R, Watanabe D, Suzuki R, Tanigawa M, Usuki T. Synthesis of Multi‐Deuterated Desmosine. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mika Hirose
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences Faculty of Science and TechnologySophia University 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102–8554 Japan
| | - Reiko Yokoo
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences Faculty of Science and TechnologySophia University 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102–8554 Japan
| | - Daisuke Watanabe
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences Faculty of Science and TechnologySophia University 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102–8554 Japan
| | - Rina Suzuki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences Faculty of Science and TechnologySophia University 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102–8554 Japan
| | - Miho Tanigawa
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences Faculty of Science and TechnologySophia University 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102–8554 Japan
| | - Toyonobu Usuki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences Faculty of Science and TechnologySophia University 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102–8554 Japan
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Baut DA, Tanaka N, Yokoo R, Usuki T. Preparation of isodesmosine-KLH conjugate for ELISA system. Chirality 2020; 32:431-436. [PMID: 32027414 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a degenerative condition with limited diagnostic detection efficiency. Currently with no available cure, COPD is associated with irreversible elastic tissue degradation in lungs, which results in release of unusual amino acids, isodesmosine and desmosine. These biomarkers are potential key elements in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), an analytical method, which can detect certain compounds including antigens and proteins in easy and affordable manner. In order to target a biomarker with ELISA, it is necessary to prepare its specific antibody, which can be achieved by immunization of host organism with appropriate antigen containing the biomarker. Although preparation of these types of conjugates has been published, desmosine and isodesmosine used by researchers are obtained from natural sources such as animal tissues. Here, we report the first synthetic preparation of isodesmosine and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) conjugate from commercially available chiral amino acids and carrier protein. Formation of the core pyridinium of isodesmosine was achieved through key reaction-Chichibabin pyridinium synthesis-to deliver a 1,2,3,5-tetrasubstituted pyridinium amino acid selectively. Further modifications involving KLH and maleimide linker provided the target conjugate, which could potentially invoke an immune response to produce anti-isodesmosine antibody for the ELISA system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A Baut
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nao Tanaka
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Yokoo
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toyonobu Usuki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
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Tanaka N, Kurita M, Murakami Y, Usuki T. Chichibabin and IsoChichibabin Pyridinium Syntheses of Isodesmosine, Desmosine, and their Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nao Tanaka
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences; Faculty of Science and Technology; Sophia University; 7-1 Kioicho 102-8554 Chiyoda-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Manami Kurita
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences; Faculty of Science and Technology; Sophia University; 7-1 Kioicho 102-8554 Chiyoda-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuko Murakami
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences; Faculty of Science and Technology; Sophia University; 7-1 Kioicho 102-8554 Chiyoda-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Toyonobu Usuki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences; Faculty of Science and Technology; Sophia University; 7-1 Kioicho 102-8554 Chiyoda-ku Tokyo Japan
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Abstract
In The Logic of Chemical Synthesis, E. J. Corey stated that the key to retrosynthetic analysis was a "wise choice of appropriate simplifying transforms" ( Corey , E. J. ; Cheng , X.-M. The Logic of Chemical Synthesis ; John Wiley : New York , 1989 ). Through the lens of "ideality", chemists can identify opportunities that can lead to more practical, scalable, and sustainable synthesis. The percent ideality of a synthesis is defined as [(no. of construction rxns) + (no. of strategic redox rxns)]/(total no. of steps) × 100. A direct consequence of designing "wise" or "ideal" plans is that new transformations often need invention. For example, if functional group interconversions are to be avoided, one is faced with the prospect of directly functionalizing C-H bonds ( Gutekunst , W. R. ; Baran , P. S. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2011 , 40 , 1976 ; Brückl , T. ; et al. Acc. Chem. Res. 2012 , 45 , 826 ). If protecting groups are minimized, methods testing the limits of chemoselectivity require invention ( Baran , P. S. ; et al. Nature 2007 , 446 , 404 ; Young , I. S. ; Baran , P. S. Nat. Chem. 2009 , 1 , 193 ). Finally, if extraneous redox manipulations are to be eliminated, methods directly generating key skeletal bonds result ( Burns , N. Z. ; et al. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2009 , 48 , 2854 ). Such analyses applied to total synthesis have seen an explosion of interest in recent years. Thus, it is the interplay of aspirational strategic demands with the limits of available methods that can influence and inspire ingenuity. E. J. Corey's sage advice holds true when endeavoring in complex molecule synthesis, but together with the tenets of the "ideal" synthesis, avoiding concession steps leads to the most strategically and tactically optimal route ( Hendrickson , J. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975 , 97 , 5784 ; Gaich , T. ; Baran , P. S. J. Org. Chem. 2010 , 75 , 4657 ). Polar disconnections are intuitive and underlie much of retrosynthetic logic. Undergraduates exposed to multistep synthesis are often taught to assemble organic molecules through the combination of positively and negatively charged synthons because, after all, opposites attract. Indeed, the most employed two-electron C-C bond forming reactions today are those based upon either classical cross-coupling reactions (e.g., Suzuki, Negishi, or Heck) or polar additions (aldol, Michael, or Grignard). These reactions are the mainstay of modern synthesis and have revolutionized the way molecules are constructed due to their robust and predictable nature. In contrast, radical chemistry is sparsely covered beyond the basic principles of radical chain processes (i.e., radical halogenation). The historical perception of radicals as somewhat uncontrollable species does not help the situation. As a result, synthetic chemists are not prone to make radical-based strategic bond disconnections during first-pass retrosynthetic analyses. Recent interest in the use of one-electron radical cross-coupling (RCC) methods has been fueled by the realization of their uniquely chemoselective profiles and the opportunities they uncover for dramatically simplifying synthesis. In general, such couplings can proceed by relying on the innate preferences of a substrate (innate RCC) or through interception with a mediator (usually a transition metal) to achieve programmed RCC. This Account presents a series of case studies illustrating the inherent strategic and tactical advantages of employing both types of radical-based cross-couplings in a variety of disparate settings. Thematically, it is clear that one-electron disconnections, while not considered to be intuitive, can serve to enable syntheses that are more direct and feature a minimal use of protecting group chemistry, functional group interconversions, and nonstrategic redox fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 93037, United States
| | - Stephen J. Harwood
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 93037, United States
| | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 93037, United States
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Smith JM, Qin T, Merchant RR, Edwards JT, Malins LR, Liu Z, Che G, Shen Z, Shaw SA, Eastgate MD, Baran PS. Decarboxylative Alkynylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11906-11910. [PMID: 28636185 PMCID: PMC5792189 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of a new decarboxylative cross-coupling method that affords terminal and substituted alkynes from various carboxylic acids is described using both nickel- and iron-based catalysts. The use of N-hydroxytetrachlorophthalimide (TCNHPI) esters is crucial to the success of the transformation, and the reaction is amenable to in situ carboxylic acid activation. Additionally, an inexpensive, commercially available alkyne source is employed in this formal homologation process that serves as a surrogate for other well-established alkyne syntheses. The reaction is operationally simple and broad in scope while providing succinct and scalable avenues to previously reported synthetic intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel M Smith
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tian Qin
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Rohan R Merchant
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jacob T Edwards
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Lara R Malins
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
| | - Guanda Che
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
| | - Zichao Shen
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
| | - Scott A Shaw
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 350 Carter Road, Hopewell, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Martin D Eastgate
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Phil S Baran
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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Smith JM, Qin T, Merchant RR, Edwards JT, Malins LR, Liu Z, Che G, Shen Z, Shaw SA, Eastgate MD, Baran PS. Decarboxylative Alkynylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel M. Smith
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI); North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Tian Qin
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI); North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Rohan R. Merchant
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI); North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Jacob T. Edwards
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI); North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Lara R. Malins
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI); North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.; TEDA; Tianjin 300457 P.R. China
| | - Guanda Che
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.; TEDA; Tianjin 300457 P.R. China
| | - Zichao Shen
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.; TEDA; Tianjin 300457 P.R. China
| | - Scott A. Shaw
- Discovery Chemistry; Bristol-Myers Squibb; 350 Carter Road Hopewell NJ 08540 USA
| | - Martin D. Eastgate
- Chemical Development; Bristol-Myers Squibb; One Squibb Drive New Brunswick NJ 08903 USA
| | - Phil S. Baran
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI); North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
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Synthesis of desmosine-d4: Improvement of isotopic purity by D-H exchange of amino groups. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Koseki Y, Sugimura T, Ogawa K, Suzuki R, Yamada H, Suzuki N, Masuyama Y, Lin YY, Usuki T. Total Synthesis of Isodesmosine by Stepwise, Regioselective Negishi and Sonogashira Cross-Coupling Reactions. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Yamada H, Hayashi T, Usuki T. Total Synthesis of the COPD Biomarker Desmosine via Stepwise Sonogashira Cross-Coupling Reactions. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20140394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Yamada
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University
| | - Takahiro Hayashi
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University
| | - Toyonobu Usuki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University
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Tanigawa T, Komatsu A, Usuki T. [(13)C3,(15)N1]-labeled isodesmosine: A potential internal standard for LC-MS/MS analysis of desmosines in elastin degradation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2046-9. [PMID: 25890800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Isodesmosine and desmosine are crosslinking amino acids that are present only in elastin. They are useful biomarkers for the degradation of elastin, which occurs during the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and related diseases. This Letter describes the synthesis of [(13)C3,(15)N1]-labeled isodesmosine, using Chichibabin pyridine synthesis as a key reaction. The labeled isodesmosine is a potential internal standard for the quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis of desmosines in elastin degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tanigawa
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Akira Komatsu
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Toyonobu Usuki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan.
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Syntheses of natural and deuterated desmosines via palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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