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Kuzu MY, Schmidt A, Strohmann C. Enantioselective Synthesis of Phosphine Boranes via Crystallization-Induced Dynamic Resolution of Lithiated Intermediate by Understanding the Underlying Epimerization Process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319665. [PMID: 38427610 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Described herein is the successful crystallization-induced dynamic resolution (CIDR) of an α-lithiated phosphine borane utilizing the easily accessible and inexpensive ligand (R,R)-TMCDA. Starting from the essential P-prochiral building block dimethyl phenyl phosphine borane we were able to obtain phosphine boranes in yields up to 80 % and e.r. up to 98 : 2 by crystallization of the lithiated intermediate prior to the trapping reaction. NMR-based deuterium labeling experiments indicate that the epimerization in solution is based on the intermolecular proton transfer between nonlithiated phosphine borane and the corresponding lithiated intermediate, rendering the presence of the remaining starting compound in an optimized solvent mixture the main factor for successful enantioselective synthesis. Quantum chemical calculations using different model systems based on solid state structures confirm these experimental results. By gaining insights into the epimerization mechanism, essential principles for CIDR of lithiated phosphine boranes are elucidated that may be expanded to other important P-stereogenic compounds and simple chiral amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Yasin Kuzu
- Inorganic Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Annika Schmidt
- Inorganic Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Inorganic Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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2
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Chinen BL, Hyvl J, Brayton DF, Riek MM, Yoshida WY, Chapp TW, Rheingold AL, Cain MF. Trimerization and cyclization of reactive P-functionalities confined within OCO pincers. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28602-28613. [PMID: 35478534 PMCID: PMC9038090 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05926b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to stabilize a 10–P–3 species with C2v symmetry and two lone pairs on the central phosphorus atom, a specialized ligand is required. Using an NCN pincer, previous efforts to enforce this planarized geometry at P resulted in the formation of a Cs-symmetric, 10π-electron benzazaphosphole that existed as a dynamic “bell-clapper” in solution. Here, OCO pincers 1 and 2 were synthesized, operating under the hypothesis that the more electron-withdrawing oxygen donors would better stabilize the 3-center, 4-electron O–P–O bond of the 10–P–3 target and the sp3-hybridized benzylic carbon atoms would prevent the formation of aromatic P-heterocycles. However, subjecting 1 to a metalation/phosphination/reduction sequence afforded cyclotriphosphane 3, resulting from trimerization of the P(i) center unbound by its oxygen donors. Pincer 2 featuring four benzylic CF3 groups was expected to strengthen the O–P–O bond of the target, but after metal–halogen exchange and quenching with PCl3, unexpected cyclization with loss of CH3Cl was observed to give monochlorinated 5. Treatment of 5 with (p-CH3)C6H4MgBr generated crystalline P-(p-Tol) derivative 6, which was characterized by NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography. The complex 19F NMR spectra of 5 and 6 observed experimentally, were reproduced by simulations with MestreNova. Attempted synthesis of OCO-supported 10–P–3 species led to trimerization or cyclization.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice L. Chinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Jakub Hyvl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Daniel F. Brayton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Matthew M. Riek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Wesley Y. Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Timothy W. Chapp
- Department of Chemistry, Allegheny College, 520 N. Main Street, Meadville, PA 16335, USA
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Matthew F. Cain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Higgins TF, Winkler JD. Synthesis and Applications of the C2-Symmetrical Diamine 2,7-Diazabicyclo[4.4.1]undecane. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7424-7432. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler F. Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Winkler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Arupula SK, Qureshi AA, Swamy KCK. Lewis Base-Switched [3 + 3] and [4 + 2] Annulation Reactions of δ-Acetoxy Allenoates with Cyclic N-Sulfonyl Imines: Divergent Synthesis of Functionalized α-Pyridyl Acetates and Teraryl Scaffolds. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4130-4144. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeeva K. Arupula
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Asif Ali Qureshi
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - K. C. Kumara Swamy
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
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Firth JD, Canipa SJ, Ferris L, O'Brien P. Gram-Scale Synthesis of the (-)-Sparteine Surrogate and (-)-Sparteine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:223-226. [PMID: 29155468 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An 8-step, gram-scale synthesis of the (-)-sparteine surrogate (22 % yield, with just 3 chromatographic purifications) and a 10-step, gram-scale synthesis of (-)-sparteine (31 % yield) are reported. Both syntheses proceed with complete diastereocontrol and allow access to either antipode. Since the syntheses do not rely on natural product extraction, our work addresses long-term supply issues relating to these widely used chiral ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Firth
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Steven J Canipa
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Leigh Ferris
- AstraZeneca (UK), Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Peter O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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6
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Firth JD, Canipa SJ, Ferris L, O'Brien P. Gram-Scale Synthesis of the (−)-Sparteine Surrogate and (−)-Sparteine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James D. Firth
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Steven J. Canipa
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Leigh Ferris
- AstraZeneca (UK); Macclesfield Cheshire SK10 2NA UK
| | - Peter O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
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7
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Yang T, Nagy I, Mancinotti D, Otterbach SL, Andersen TB, Motawia MS, Asp T, Geu-Flores F. Transcript profiling of a bitter variety of narrow-leafed lupin to discover alkaloid biosynthetic genes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5527-5537. [PMID: 29155974 PMCID: PMC5853437 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Lupins (Lupinus spp.) are nitrogen-fixing legumes that accumulate toxic alkaloids in their protein-rich beans. These anti-nutritional compounds belong to the family of quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs), which are of interest to the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. To unleash the potential of lupins as protein crops and as sources of QAs, a thorough understanding of the QA pathway is needed. However, only the first enzyme in the pathway, lysine decarboxylase (LDC), is known. Here, we report the transcriptome of a high-QA variety of narrow-leafed lupin (L. angustifolius), obtained using eight different tissues and two different sequencing technologies. In addition, we present a list of 33 genes that are closely co-expressed with LDC and that represent strong candidates for involvement in lupin alkaloid biosynthesis. One of these genes encodes a copper amine oxidase able to convert the product of LDC, cadaverine, into 1-piperideine, as shown by heterologous expression and enzyme assays. Kinetic analysis revealed a low KM value for cadaverine, supporting a role as the second enzyme in the QA pathway. Our transcriptomic data set represents a crucial step towards the discovery of enzymes, transporters, and regulators involved in lupin alkaloid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Istvan Nagy
- Section of Crop Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Davide Mancinotti
- Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sophie Lisa Otterbach
- Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Bundgaard Andersen
- Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohammed Saddik Motawia
- Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Asp
- Section of Crop Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Fernando Geu-Flores
- Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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8
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Ojeda-Amador AI, Martínez-Martínez AJ, Kennedy AR, Armstrong DR, O'Hara CT. Monodentate coordination of the normally chelating chiral diamine (R,R)-TMCDA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 53:324-327. [PMID: 27958607 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07190b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
After isolating an unusual binuclear, but monosolvated NaHMDS complex [{(R,R)-TMCDA}·(NaHMDS)2]∞ which polymerises via intermolecular electrostatic NaMeHMDS interactions, further (R,R)-TMCDA was added to produce the discrete binuclear amide [{κ2-(R,R)-TMCDA}·(NaHMDS)2{κ1-(R,R)-TMCDA}], whose salient feature is the unique monodentate coordination of one of the chiral diamine ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Ojeda-Amador
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Antonio J Martínez-Martínez
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - David R Armstrong
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Charles T O'Hara
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
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Murphy RA, Chen AY, Nair SK, Gallego GM, Sach NW, Smith G. Diastereoselective access to substituted 4-aminopiperidines via a pyridine reduction approach. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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James MJ, Grant ND, O’Brien P, Taylor RJK, Unsworth WP. Catalytic Dearomatization Approach to Quinolizidine Alkaloids: Five Step Total Synthesis of (±)-Lasubine II. Org Lett 2016; 18:6256-6259. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. James
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Niall D. Grant
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Peter O’Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
| | | | - William P. Unsworth
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
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11
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Ibrahim MA. Microwave-assisted synthesis of α-aryl malonates: Key intermediates for the preparation of azaheterocycles. ARAB J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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12
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Scharnagel D, Müller A, Prause F, Eck M, Goller J, Milius W, Breuning M. The First Modular Route to Core-Chiral Bispidine Ligands and Their Application in Enantioselective Copper(II)-Catalyzed Henry Reactions. Chemistry 2015; 21:12488-500. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Baddeley KL, Cao Q, Muldoon MJ, Cook MJ. Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Ortholactones. Chemistry 2015; 21:7726-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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