1
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Stockhammer L, Craik R, Monkowius U, Cordes DB, Smith AD, Waser M. Isothiourea-Catalyzed Enantioselective Functionalisation of Glycine Schiff Base Aryl Esters via 1,6- and 1,4-Additions. CHEMISTRYEUROPE 2023; 1:e202300015. [PMID: 38882579 PMCID: PMC7616101 DOI: 10.1002/ceur.202300015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The enantioselective α-functionalisation of glycine Schiff base aryl esters through isothiourea catalysis is successfully demonstrated for 1,6-additions to para-quinone methides (21 examples, up to 95:5 dr and 96:4 er) and 1,4-additions to methylene substituted dicarbonyl or disulfonyl Michael acceptors (17 examples, up to 98:2 er). This nucleophilic organocatalysis approach gives access to a range of α-functionalised α-amino acid derivatives and further transformations of the activated aryl ester group provide a straightforward entry to advanced amino acid-based esters, amides or thioesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Stockhammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz (Austria)
| | - Rebecca Craik
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, KY16 9ST St Andrews, Fife, (UK)
| | - Uwe Monkowius
- School of Education, Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz (Austria)
| | - David B Cordes
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, KY16 9ST St Andrews, Fife, (UK)
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, KY16 9ST St Andrews, Fife, (UK)
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz (Austria)
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2
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Morales-Manrique C, Baquero EA, Guevara-Pulido J. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyran-2-Ones Organocatalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093743. [PMID: 37175154 PMCID: PMC10179788 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) have gained recognition as versatile molecules capable of acting as organocatalysts in various reactions, particularly through the activation of aldehydes via Breslow-type adducts. This organocatalytic activation has enabled the production of numerous 3,4-dihydropyran-2-ones and related derivatives. In this review, we provide an overview of the production of 3,4-dihydropyran-2-ones and derivatives via organocatalytic processes involving NHCs over the past eight years. These processes involve the use of a diverse range of substrates, catalysts, and reaction conditions, which can be classified into [4+2]-and [3+3]-type cycloadditions, primarily aimed at synthesizing this skeleton due to its biological activity and multiple stereocenters. These processes are scaled up to the gram scale, and the resulting products are often directed towards epimerization and functionalization to produce more complex molecules with potential applications in the biological field. Finally, we provide a perspective and the future directions of this topic in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Morales-Manrique
- Estado Sólido y Catálisis Ambiental (ESCA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- INQA, Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá 11001, Colombia
| | - Edwin A Baquero
- Estado Sólido y Catálisis Ambiental (ESCA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - James Guevara-Pulido
- INQA, Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá 11001, Colombia
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3
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Wang Y, Young CM, Liu H, Hartley WC, Wienhold M, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. A Desilylative Approach to Alkyl Substituted C(1)‐Ammonium Enolates: Application in Enantioselective [2+2] Cycloadditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208800. [PMID: 35833471 PMCID: PMC9543305 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic generation of C(1)‐ammonium enolates from the corresponding α‐silyl‐α‐alkyl substituted carboxylic acids using the isothiourea HyperBTM is reported. This desilylative approach grants access to α‐unsubstituted and α‐alkyl substituted C(1)‐ammonium enolates, which are typically difficult to access through traditional methods reliant upon deprotonation. The scope and limitations of this process is established in enantioselective [2+2]‐cycloaddition processes with perfluoroalkylketones (31 examples, up to 96 % yield and >99 : 1 er), as well as selective [2+2]‐cycloaddition with trifluoromethyl enones (4 examples, up to 75 % yield and >99 : 1 er). Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate this process proceeds through an initial kinetic resolution of an in situ prepared (±)‐α‐silyl‐α‐alkyl substituted anhydride, while the reaction process exhibits overall pseudo zero‐order kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Wang
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Claire M. Young
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Honglei Liu
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Will C. Hartley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Max Wienhold
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - David. B. Cordes
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | | | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
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4
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Smith AD, Wang Y, Young CM, Liu H, Hartley WC, Wienhold M, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ. A Desilylative Approach to Alkyl Substituted C(1)‐Ammonium Enolates: Application in Enantioselective [2+2] Cycloadditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew David Smith
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry North Haugh FIFE, KY10 3TH St. Andrews UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Yihong Wang
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Honglei Liu
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Max Wienhold
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
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5
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McLaughlin C, Bitai J, Barber LJ, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Catalytic enantioselective synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines via the addition of C(1)-ammonium enolates to pyridinium salts. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12001-12011. [PMID: 34667566 PMCID: PMC8457386 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03860e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The regio- and stereoselective addition of C(1)-ammonium enolates - generated in situ from aryl esters and the isothiourea catalyst (R)-BTM - to pyridinium salts bearing an electron withdrawing substituent in the 3-position allows the synthesis of a range of enantioenriched 1,4-dihydropyridines. This represents the first organocatalytic approach to pyridine dearomatisation using pronucleophiles at the carboxylic acid oxidation level. Optimisation studies revealed a significant solvent dependency upon product enantioselectivity, with only toluene providing significant asymmetric induction. Using DABCO as a base also proved beneficial for product enantioselectivity, while investigations into the nature of the counterion showed that co-ordinating bromide or chloride substrates led to higher product er than the corresponding tetrafluoroborate or hexafluorophosphate. The scope and limitations of this process are developed, with enantioselective addition to 3-cyano- or 3-sulfonylpyridinium salts giving the corresponding 1,4-dihydropyridines (15 examples, up to 95 : 5 dr and 98 : 2 er).
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum McLaughlin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Jacqueline Bitai
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Lydia J Barber
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
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6
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Yuan S, Liao C, Zheng WH. [2.2]Paracyclophane-Based Isothiourea-Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective α-Fluorination of Carboxylic Acids. Org Lett 2021; 23:4142-4146. [PMID: 33988375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane-based isothiourea catalysts have been prepared over a few simple steps in high yields. In the presence of these catalysts, highly efficient catalytic enantioselective fluorination of carboxylic acids has been accomplished, providing a broad range of optically active α-fluoroesters in high yield and excellent enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiru Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Hua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Zhao F, Shu C, Young CM, Carpenter‐Warren C, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Aryl-β 2 -Amino-Esters by Cooperative Isothiourea and Brønsted Acid Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11892-11900. [PMID: 33646631 PMCID: PMC8252622 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of α-aryl-β2 -amino esters through enantioselective aminomethylation of an arylacetic acid ester in high yields and enantioselectivity via cooperative isothiourea and Brønsted acid catalysis is demonstrated. The scope and limitations of this process are explored (25 examples, up to 94 % yield and 96:4 er), with applications to the synthesis of (S)-Venlafaxine⋅HCl and (S)-Nakinadine B. Mechanistic studies are consistent with a C(1)-ammonium enolate pathway being followed rather than an alternative dynamic kinetic resolution process. Control studies indicate that (i) a linear effect between catalyst and product er is observed; (ii) an acyl ammonium ion can be used as a precatalyst; (iii) reversible isothiourea addition to an in situ generated iminium ion leads to an off-cycle intermediate that can be used as a productive precatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Chang Shu
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Claire M. Young
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | | | | | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
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8
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Zhao F, Shu C, Young CM, Carpenter‐Warren C, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Aryl‐β
2
‐Amino‐Esters by Cooperative Isothiourea and Brønsted Acid Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Chang Shu
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Claire M. Young
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | | | | | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
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9
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McLaughlin C, Smith AD. Generation and Reactivity of C(1)-Ammonium Enolates by Using Isothiourea Catalysis. Chemistry 2021; 27:1533-1555. [PMID: 32557875 PMCID: PMC7894297 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
C(1)-Ammonium enolates are powerful, catalytically generated synthetic intermediates applied in the enantioselective α-functionalisation of carboxylic acid derivatives. This minireview describes the recent developments in the generation and application of C(1)-ammonium enolates from various precursors (carboxylic acids, anhydrides, acyl imidazoles, aryl esters, α-diazoketones, alkyl halides) using isothiourea Lewis base organocatalysts. Their synthetic utility in intra- and intermolecular enantioselective C-C and C-X bond forming processes on reaction with various electrophiles will be showcased utilising two distinct catalyst turnover approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum McLaughlin
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughFifeKY16 9STScotland
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughFifeKY16 9STScotland
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10
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Biswas A, Mondal H, Maji MS. Synthesis of Heterocycles by isothiourea organocatalysis. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Biswas
- Department of Chemistry Hooghly Women's College Hooghly India
| | - Haripriyo Mondal
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India
| | - Modhu S. Maji
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India
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11
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Zhang S, Hartley WC, Greenhalgh MD, Ng S, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Isothiourea‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrrole‐ and Indole‐Functionalized Tetrasubstituted Pyridines. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Zhang
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews Fife, KY16 9ST UK
| | - Will C. Hartley
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews Fife, KY16 9ST UK
| | - Mark D. Greenhalgh
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews Fife, KY16 9ST UK
| | - Sean Ng
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre Bracknell Berkshire, RG42 6EY UK
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews Fife, KY16 9ST UK
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews Fife, KY16 9ST UK
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12
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Zhang S, Greenhalgh MD, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Tandem sequential catalytic enantioselective synthesis of highly-functionalised tetrahydroindolizine derivatives. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3885-3892. [PMID: 34122857 PMCID: PMC8152628 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00432d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An isothiourea-catalysed enantioselective synthesis of novel tetrahydroindolizine derivatives is reported through a one-pot tandem sequential process. The application of 2-(pyrrol-1-yl)acetic acid in combination with either a trifluoromethyl enone or an α-keto-β,γ-unsaturated ester in an enantioselective Michael addition–lactonisation process, followed by in situ ring-opening and cyclisation, led to a range of 24 tetrahydroindolizine derivatives containing three stereocentres in up to >95 : 5 dr and >99 : 1 er. The isothiourea-catalysed enantioselective synthesis of tetrahydroindolizine derivatives containing three stereocentres is reported through a one-pot tandem sequential process.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Zhang
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Mark D Greenhalgh
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
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13
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Rani D, Bhargava M, Agarwal J. Asymmetric Michael Addition of Unactivated Ketones with β‐Nitrostyrenes Mediated by Bifunctional L‐Prolinamide Organocatalysts. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dixita Rani
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Advanced Studies Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
| | - Meha Bhargava
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Advanced Studies Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
| | - Jyoti Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Advanced Studies Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
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14
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Poshala S, Thunga S, Golla S, Satheesh V, Kokatla HP. A Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,2,2‐Trichloroacetates Through Acid‐Catalyzed Deimination and Its Applications. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Poshala
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal Telangana 506004 India
| | - Sanjeeva Thunga
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal Telangana 506004 India
| | - Sivaparwathi Golla
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal Telangana 506004 India
| | - Vanaparthi Satheesh
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal Telangana 506004 India
| | - Hari Prasad Kokatla
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal Telangana 506004 India
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15
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Fan T, Zhang ZJ, Zhang YC, Song J. Construction of All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters via Sequential Photoactivation/Isothiourea Catalysis. Org Lett 2019; 21:7897-7901. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Fan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zi-Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jin Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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16
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McLaughlin C, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Base‐free Enantioselective C(1)‐Ammonium Enolate Catalysis Exploiting Aryloxides: A Synthetic and Mechanistic Study. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Calum McLaughlin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh Fife Scotland KY16 9ST UK
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh Fife Scotland KY16 9ST UK
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh Fife Scotland KY16 9ST UK
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17
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McLaughlin C, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Base-free Enantioselective C(1)-Ammonium Enolate Catalysis Exploiting Aryloxides: A Synthetic and Mechanistic Study. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15111-15119. [PMID: 31436380 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An isothiourea-catalyzed enantioselective Michael addition of aryl ester pronucleophiles to vinyl bis-sulfones via C(1)-ammonium enolate intermediates has been developed. This operationally simple method allows the base-free functionalization of aryl esters to form α-functionalized products containing two contiguous tertiary stereogenic centres in excellent yield and stereoselectivity (all ≥99:1 er). Key to the success of this methodology is the multifunctional role of the aryloxide, which operates as a leaving group, Brønsted base, Brønsted acid and Lewis base within the catalytic cycle. Comprehensive mechanistic studies, including variable time normalization analysis (VTNA) and isotopologue competition experiments, have been carried out. These studies have identified (i) orders of all reactants; (ii) a turnover-limiting Michael addition step, (iii) product inhibition, (iv) the catalyst resting state and (v) catalyst deactivation through protonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum McLaughlin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, Fife, Scotland, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, Fife, Scotland, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, Fife, Scotland, KY16 9ST, UK
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18
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Zhang S, Taylor JE, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Isothiourea-Catalyzed Enantioselective Functionalization of 2-Pyrrolyl Acetic Acid: Two-Step Synthesis of Stereodefined Dihydroindolizinones. Org Lett 2018; 20:5482-5485. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Zhang
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - James E. Taylor
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
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19
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Hu Y, Pan D, Cong L, Yao Y, Yu C, Li T, Yao C. NHC-Catalyzed Efficient Syntheses of Isoquinolinones or Isochromanones through Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition of o
-Quinodimethanes with Acylhydrazones or Ketones. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Jiangsu Normal university, Xuzhou; Jiangsu 221116, P.R. China
| | - Di Pan
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Jiangsu Normal university, Xuzhou; Jiangsu 221116, P.R. China
| | - Lin Cong
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Jiangsu Normal university, Xuzhou; Jiangsu 221116, P.R. China
| | - Yibiao Yao
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Jiangsu Normal university, Xuzhou; Jiangsu 221116, P.R. China
| | - Chenxia Yu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Jiangsu Normal university, Xuzhou; Jiangsu 221116, P.R. China
| | - Tuanjie Li
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Jiangsu Normal university, Xuzhou; Jiangsu 221116, P.R. China
| | - Changsheng Yao
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Jiangsu Normal university, Xuzhou; Jiangsu 221116, P.R. China
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20
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Arokianathar JN, Frost AB, Slawin AMZ, Stead D, Smith AD. Isothiourea-Catalyzed Enantioselective Addition of 4-Nitrophenyl Esters to Iminium Ions. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jude N. Arokianathar
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Aileen B. Frost
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Stead
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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21
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Zhang ZJ, Song J. An isothiourea-catalyzed asymmetric formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition of in situ generated azoalkenes with C1 ammonium enolates. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00657a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient isothiourea-catalyzed stereoselective formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition of α-chloro cyclic hydrazones with carboxylic acids has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
| | - Jin Song
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
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22
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Shi Q, Zhang W, Wang Y, Qu L, Wei D. Insights into the isothiourea-catalyzed asymmetric [4 + 2] annulation of phenylacetic acid with alkylidene pyrazolone. Org Biomol Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob03142d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A computational study on the isothiourea-catalyzed asymmetric [4 + 2] annulation of phenylacetic acid with alkylidene pyrazolone was performed using the DFT method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Shi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
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23
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Jin JH, Li XY, Luo X, Fossey JS, Deng WP. Asymmetric Synthesis of cis-3,4-Dihydrocoumarins via [4 + 2] Cycloadditions Catalyzed by Amidine Derivatives. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5424-5432. [PMID: 28441490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient chiral amidine derivative-catalyzed tandem Michael addition/lactonization of carboxylic acids and o-quinone methides (o-QMs) has been developed that enables the asymmetric synthesis of cis-3,4-dihydrocoumarins bearing contiguous tertiary stereogenic centers in high yields with excellent stereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hai Jin
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Li
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaoyan Luo
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - John S Fossey
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Ping Deng
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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24
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Tarantino D, Cannalire R, Mastrangelo E, Croci R, Querat G, Barreca ML, Bolognesi M, Manfroni G, Cecchetti V, Milani M. Targeting flavivirus RNA dependent RNA polymerase through a pyridobenzothiazole inhibitor. Antiviral Res 2016; 134:226-235. [PMID: 27649989 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RNA dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp) are essential enzymes for flavivirus replication. Starting from an in silico docking analysis we identified a pyridobenzothiazole compound, HeE1-2Tyr, able to inhibit West Nile and Dengue RdRps activity in vitro, which proved effective against different flaviviruses in cell culture. Crystallographic data show that HeE1-2Tyr binds between the fingers domain and the priming loop of Dengue virus RdRp (Site 1). Conversely, enzyme kinetics, binding studies and mutational analyses suggest that, during the catalytic cycle and assembly of the RdRp-RNA complex, HeE1-2Tyr might be hosted in a distinct binding site (Site 2). RdRp mutational studies, driven by in silico docking analysis, allowed us to locate the inhibition Site 2 in the thumb domain. Taken together, our results provide innovative concepts for optimization of a new class of anti-flavivirus compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Tarantino
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milano, Italy; CNR-IBF, Istituto di Biofisica, Via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Rolando Cannalire
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eloise Mastrangelo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milano, Italy; CNR-IBF, Istituto di Biofisica, Via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Romina Croci
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Gilles Querat
- UMR "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" (EPV: Aix-Marseille university - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207 - EHESP), & Fondation IHU Méditerranée Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Maria Letizia Barreca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milano, Italy; CNR-IBF, Istituto di Biofisica, Via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mario Milani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milano, Italy; CNR-IBF, Istituto di Biofisica, Via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milano, Italy.
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25
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Merad J, Pons JM, Chuzel O, Bressy C. Enantioselective Catalysis by Chiral Isothioureas. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Merad
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille; CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313; 13397 Marseille France
| | - Jean-Marc Pons
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille; CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313; 13397 Marseille France
| | - Olivier Chuzel
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille; CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313; 13397 Marseille France
| | - Cyril Bressy
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille; CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313; 13397 Marseille France
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26
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Izquierdo J, Pericàs MA. A Recyclable, Immobilized Analogue of Benzotetramisole for Catalytic Enantioselective Domino Michael Addition/Cyclization Reactions in Batch and Flow. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Izquierdo
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Paı̈sos Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miquel A. Pericàs
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Paı̈sos Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Quı́mica Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Li X, Gai K, Yuan Z, Wu J, Lin A, Yao H. Organocatalyzed Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition ofin situGenerated Azoalkenes with Arylacetic Acids: An Efficient Approach to the Synthesis of 4,5-Dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-ones. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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28
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Stark DG, Morrill LC, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, O'Riordan TJC, Smith AD. Enantioselective Synthesis of 3,5,6-Substituted Dihydropyranones and Dihydropyridinones using Isothiourea-Mediated Catalysis. Chem Asian J 2015; 11:395-400. [PMID: 26471245 PMCID: PMC4755233 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The scope of dihydropyranone and dihydropyridinone products accessible by isothiourea-catalyzed processes has been expanded and explored through the use of 2-N-tosyliminoacrylates and 2-aroylacrylates in a Michael addition-lactonization/lactamization cascade reaction. Notably, to ensure reproducibility it is essential to use homoanhydrides as ammonium enolate precursors with 2-aroyl acrylates, while carboxylic acids can be used with 2-N-tosyliminoacrylates, delivering a range of 3,5,6-substituted dihydropyranones and dihydropyridinones with high enantioselectivity (typically >90 % ee). The derivatization of the heterocyclic core of a 3,5,6-substituted dihydropyranone through hydrogenation is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Stark
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Louis C Morrill
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - David B Cordes
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Timothy J C O'Riordan
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Andrew D Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews Fife, KY16 9ST, UK.
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29
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Attaba N, Taylor JE, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Enantioselective NHC-Catalyzed Redox [4 + 2]-Hetero-Diels–Alder Reactions Using α,β-Unsaturated Trichloromethyl Ketones as Amide Equivalents. J Org Chem 2015; 80:9728-39. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nassilia Attaba
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - James E. Taylor
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
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30
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Smith SR, Fallan C, Taylor JE, McLennan R, Daniels DSB, Morrill LC, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Asymmetric Isothiourea-Catalysed Formal [3+2] Cycloadditions of Ammonium Enolates with Oxaziridines. Chemistry 2015; 21:10530-6. [PMID: 26073559 PMCID: PMC4531819 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective Lewis base-catalysed formal [3+2] cycloaddition of ammonium enolates and oxaziridines to give stereodefined oxazolidin-4-ones in high yield is described. Employing an enantioenriched oxaziridine in this process leads to a matched/mis-matched effect with the isothiourea catalyst and allowed the synthesis of either syn- or anti-stereodefined oxazolidin-4-ones in high d.r., yield and ee. Additionally, the oxazolidin-4-one products have been derivatised to afford functionalised enantioenriched building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan R Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST (UK)
| | - Charlene Fallan
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST (UK)
| | - James E Taylor
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST (UK)
| | - Ross McLennan
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST (UK)
| | - David S B Daniels
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST (UK)
| | - Louis C Morrill
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST (UK)
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST (UK)
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST (UK).
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31
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Beno BR, Yeung KS, Bartberger MD, Pennington LD, Meanwell NA. A Survey of the Role of Noncovalent Sulfur Interactions in Drug Design. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4383-438. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501853m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brett R. Beno
- Department of Computer-Assisted Drug Design, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway Wallingford Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Kap-Sun Yeung
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway Wallingford Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Michael D. Bartberger
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive Thousand Oaks California 91320, United States
| | - Lewis D. Pennington
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive Thousand Oaks California 91320, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Meanwell
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway Wallingford Connecticut 06492, United States
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32
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Yeh PP, Daniels DSB, Fallan C, Gould E, Simal C, Taylor JE, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Exploring the scope of the isothiourea-mediated synthesis of dihydropyridinones. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:2177-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02408g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The exploration and expansion of the scope of the isothiourea-mediated synthesis of dihydropyridinones is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Yeh
- EaStCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- North Haugh
- UK
| | | | - Charlene Fallan
- EaStCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- North Haugh
- UK
| | - Eoin Gould
- EaStCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- North Haugh
- UK
| | - Carmen Simal
- EaStCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- North Haugh
- UK
| | - James E. Taylor
- EaStCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- North Haugh
- UK
| | | | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- North Haugh
- UK
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33
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Stark DG, O’Riordan TJC, Smith AD. Synthesis of Di-, Tri-, and Tetrasubstituted Pyridines from (Phenylthio)carboxylic Acids and 2-[Aryl(tosylimino)methyl]acrylates. Org Lett 2014; 16:6496-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol503360q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Stark
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. C. O’Riordan
- Syngenta, Jealott’s
Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, RG42, 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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