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A mouse model of gestational diabetes shows dysregulated lipid metabolism post-weaning, after return to euglycaemia. Nutr Diabetes 2022; 12:8. [PMID: 35169132 PMCID: PMC8847647 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-022-00185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease for the mother in the decade after delivery. However, the molecular mechanisms that drive these effects are unknown. Recent studies in humans have shown that lipid metabolism is dysregulated before diagnosis of and during gestational diabetes and we have shown previously that lipid metabolism is also altered in obese female mice before, during and after pregnancy. These observations led us to the hypothesis that this persistent dysregulation reflects an altered control of lipid distribution throughout the organism. METHODS We tested this in post-weaning (PW) dams using our established mouse model of obese GDM (high fat, high sugar, obesogenic diet) and an updated purpose-built computational tool for plotting the distribution of lipid variables throughout the maternal system (Lipid Traffic Analysis v2.3). RESULTS This network analysis showed that unlike hyperglycaemia, lipid distribution and traffic do not return to normal after pregnancy in obese mouse dams. A greater range of phosphatidylcholines was found throughout the lean compared to obese post-weaning dams. A range of triglycerides that were found in the hearts of lean post-weaning dams were only found in the livers of obese post-weaning dams and the abundance of odd-chain FA-containing lipids differed locally in the two groups. We have therefore shown that the control of lipid distribution changed for several metabolic pathways, with evidence for changes to the regulation of phospholipid biosynthesis and FA distribution, in a number of tissues. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the control of lipid metabolism is altered following an obese pregnancy. These results support the hypothesis that obese dams that developed GDM maintain dysregulated lipid metabolism after pregnancy even when glycaemia returned to normal, and that these alterations could contribute to the increased risk of later type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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Furse S, Williams HEL, Watkins AJ, Virtue S, Vidal-Puig A, Amarsi R, Charalambous M, Koulman A. A pipeline for making 31P NMR accessible for small- and large-scale lipidomics studies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4763-4773. [PMID: 34254158 PMCID: PMC8318958 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Detailed molecular analysis is of increasing importance in research into the regulation of biochemical pathways, organismal growth and disease. Lipidomics in particular is increasingly sought after as it provides insight into molecular species involved in energy storage, signalling and fundamental cellular structures. This has led to the use of a range of tools and techniques to acquire lipidomics data. 31P NMR for lipidomics offers well-resolved head group/lipid class analysis, structural data that can be used to inform and strengthen interpretation of mass spectrometry data and part of a priori structural determination. In the present study, we codify the use of 31P NMR for lipidomics studies to make the technique more accessible to new users and more useful for a wider range of questions. The technique can be used in isolation (phospholipidomics) or as a part of determining lipid composition (lipidomics). We describe the process from sample extraction to data processing and analysis. This pipeline is important because it allows greater thoroughness in lipidomics studies and increases scope for answering scientific questions about lipid-containing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Furse
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Biological Chemistry Group, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK.
| | - Huw E L Williams
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Adam J Watkins
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Samuel Virtue
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Risha Amarsi
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guys Hospital, WC2R 2LS, London, UK
| | - Marika Charalambous
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guys Hospital, WC2R 2LS, London, UK
| | - Albert Koulman
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Joffrin AM, Saunders AM, Barneda D, Flemington V, Thompson AL, Sanganee HJ, Conway SJ. Development of isotope-enriched phosphatidylinositol-4- and 5-phosphate cellular mass spectrometry probes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:2549-2557. [PMID: 34820112 PMCID: PMC8607509 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06219g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PtdInsPn) derivatives play a pivotal role in broadening our understanding of PtdInsPn metabolism. However, the development of such tools is reliant on efficient enantioselective and regioselective synthetic strategies. Here we report the development of a divergent synthetic route applicable to the synthesis of deuterated PtdIns4P and PtdIns5P derivatives. The synthetic strategy developed involves a key enzymatic desymmetrisation step using Lipozyme TL-IM®. In addition, we optimised the large-scale synthesis of deuterated myo-inositol, allowing for the preparation of a series of saturated and unsaturated deuterated PtdIns4P and PtdIns5P derivatives. Experiments in MCF7 cells demonstrated that these deuterated probes enable quantification of the corresponding endogenous phospholipids in a cellular setting. Overall, these deuterated probes will be powerful tools to help improve our understanding of the role played by PtdInsPn in physiology and disease. We report the synthesis of deuterium-labelled derivatives of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate, and demonstrate their use in quantifying levels of endogenous phospholipids in cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie M Joffrin
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Alex M Saunders
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - David Barneda
- Inositide Laboratory, Babraham Institute Babraham Research Campus Cambridge CB22 3AT UK.,Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca Cambridge CB4 0WG UK
| | | | - Amber L Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Hitesh J Sanganee
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Cambridge UK
| | - Stuart J Conway
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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Furse S, White SL, Meek CL, Jenkins B, Petry CJ, Vieira MC, Ozanne SE, Dunger DB, Poston L, Koulman A. Altered triglyceride and phospholipid metabolism predates the diagnosis of gestational diabetes in obese pregnancy. Mol Omics 2019; 15:420-430. [PMID: 31599289 PMCID: PMC7100894 DOI: 10.1039/c9mo00117d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes (GDM), a common pregnancy complication associated with obesity and long-term health risks, is usually diagnosed at approximately 28 weeks of gestation. An understanding of lipid metabolism in women at risk of GDM could contribute to earlier diagnosis and treatment. We tested the hypothesis that altered lipid metabolism at the beginning of the second trimester in obese pregnant women is associated with a diagnosis of GDM. Plasma samples from 831 participants (16-45 years, 15-18 weeks gestation, BMI ≥ 30) from the UPBEAT study of obese pregnant women were used. The lipid, sterol and glyceride fraction was isolated and analysed in a semi-quantitative fashion using direct infusion mass spectrometry. A combination of uni-, multi-variate and multi-variable statistical analyses was used to identify candidate biomarkers in plasma associated with a diagnosis of GDM (early third trimester; IADPSG criteria). Multivariable adjusted analyses showed that participants who later developed GDM had a greater abundance of several triglycerides (48:0, 50:1, 50:2, 51:5, 53:4) and phosphatidylcholine (38:5). In contrast sphingomyelins (32:1, 41:2, 42:3), lyso-phosphatidylcholine (16:0, 18:1), phosphatidylcholines (35:2, 40:7, 40:10), two polyunsaturated triglycerides (46:5, 48:6) and several oxidised triglycerides (48:6, 54:4, 56:4, 58:6) were less abundant. We concluded that both lipid and triglyceride metabolism were altered at least 10 weeks before diagnosis of GDM. Further investigation is required to determine the functional consequences of these differences and the mechanisms by which they arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Furse
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Box 289, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Furse S, Billing G, Snowden SG, Smith J, Goldberg G, Koulman A. Relationship between the lipid composition of maternal plasma and infant plasma through breast milk. Metabolomics 2019; 15:129. [PMID: 31555909 PMCID: PMC6761246 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study was motivated by the report that infant development correlates with particular lipids in infant plasma. OBJECTIVE The hypothesis was that the abundance of these candidate biomarkers is influenced by the dietary intake of the infant. METHODS A cohort of 30 exclusively-breastfeeding mother-infant pairs from a small region of West Africa was used for this observational study. Plasma and milk from the mother and plasma from her infant were collected within 24 h, 3 months post partum. The lipid, sterol and glyceride composition was surveyed using direct infusion MS in positive and negative ion modes. Analysis employed a combination of univariate and multivariate tests. RESULTS The lipid profiles of mother and infant plasma samples are similar but distinguishable, and both are distinct from milk. Phosphatidylcholines (PC), cholesteryl esters (CEs) and cholesterol were more abundant in mothers with respect to their infants, e.g. PC(34:1) was 5.66% in mothers but 3.61% in infants (p = 3.60 × 10-10), CE(18:2) was 8.05% in mothers but 5.18% in infants (p = 1.37 × 10-11) whilst TGs were lower in mothers with respect to their infants, e.g. TG(52:2) was 2.74% in mothers and 4.23% in infants (p = 1.63 × 10-05). A latent structure model showed that four lipids in infant plasma previously shown to be biomarkers clustered with cholesteryl esters in the maternal circulation. CONCLUSION This study found evidence that the abundance of individual lipid isoforms associated with infant development are associated with the abundance of individual molecular species in the mother's circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Furse
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-MRC, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, c/o Level 4 Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Georgia Billing
- Nutrition and Bone Health Group, MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL, UK
| | - Stuart G Snowden
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-MRC, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, c/o Level 4 Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - James Smith
- Faculty of Mathematics & Physical Sciences, School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Gail Goldberg
- Nutrition and Bone Health Group, MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL, UK
| | - Albert Koulman
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-MRC, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, c/o Level 4 Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Furse S, Brooks NJ, Woscholski R, Gaffney PR, Templer RH. Pressure-dependent inverse bicontinuous cubic phase formation in a phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate/phosphatidylcholine system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cdc.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Perspectives on the membrane fatty acid unsaturation/pacemaker hypotheses of metabolism and aging. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 191:48-60. [PMID: 26291495 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The membrane pacemaker hypotheses of metabolism and aging are distinct, but interrelated hypotheses positing that increases in unsaturation of lipids within membranes are correlated with increasing basal metabolic rate and decreasing longevity, respectively. The two hypotheses each have evidence that either supports or contradicts them, but consensus has failed to emerge. In this review, we identify sources of weakness of previous studies supporting and contradicting these hypotheses and suggest different methods and lines of inquiry. The link between fatty acyl composition of membranes and membrane-bound protein activity is a central tenet of the membrane pacemaker hypothesis of metabolism, but the mechanism by which unsaturation would change protein activity is not well defined and, whereas fatty acid desaturases have been put forward by some as the mechanism behind evolutionary differences in fatty acyl composition of phospholipids among organisms, there have been no studies to differentiate whether desaturases have been more affected by natural selection on aging and metabolic rate than have elongases or acyltransferases. Past analyses have been hampered by potentially incorrect estimates of the peroxidizability of lipids and longevity of study animals, and by the confounding effect of phylogeny. According to some authors, body mass may also be a confounding effect that should be taken into account, though this is not universally accepted. Further research on this subject should focus more on mechanisms and take weaknesses of past studies into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Furse
- Membrane Biochemistry & Biophysics, Universiteit Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten R. Egmond
- Membrane Biochemistry & Biophysics, Universiteit Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Antoinette Killian
- Membrane Biochemistry & Biophysics, Universiteit Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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