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Jena H, Ahmadi Z, Kumar P, Dhawan G. Bioreducible polyethylenimine core-shell nanostructures as efficient and non-toxic gene and drug delivery vectors. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 69:116886. [PMID: 35749840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Low molecular weight branched polyethylenimine (LMW bPEIs 1.8 kDa) have received considerable attention for the fabrication of nucleic acid carriers due to their biocompatible and non-toxic nature. However, due to the inadequate nucleic acid complexation ability and transportation across the cell membrane, these show poor transfection efficacy, limiting their clinical applications. Therefore, to overcome these challenges, in this study, we have grafted bPEI 1.8 kDa with a disulfide bond containing hydrophobic moiety, 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionic acid (PDPA), via amide linkages through EDC/NHS-mediated coupling to obtain N-[3-(2-pyridyldithio)] propionoyl polyethylenimine (PDPP) conjugates. The best formulation for nucleic acid transfection was evaluated after preparing a series of PDPP conjugates by varying the amount of PDPA. In an aqueous environment, these PDPP conjugates self-assembled to form spherical shaped core-shell PDPP nanostructures with size ranging from ∼188-307 nm and zeta-potential from ∼ +3 to +19 mV. The positively charged surface of the core-shell nanocomposites helps in the binding of plasmid DNA (pDNA), its transportation inside the cell, and protection against enzymes. Evaluation of PDPP/pDNA complexes on mammalian cells revealed that all these complexes showed significantly improved transfection efficacy without hampering cytocompatibility. Amongst all, the pDNA complex of PDPP-2 exhibited the best transfection efficiency (i.e. >6-fold) in comparison to pDNA complex of the native bPEI. The nanocomposites exhibited the redox responsive behavior advantageous for therapeutic delivery to the tumor cells. The core of the nanostructures facilitate the encapsulation of a hydrophobic model drug, ornidazole. In vitro drug release analysis showed a faster release rate in response to a reductant mimicking the cellular environment. Altogether, these nanostructures have great potential to co-deliver both drug and gene simultaneously in response to tumor cell reductive microenvironment in vitro and could be used as the next-generation delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jena
- Department of Biomedical Science, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India; CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Z Ahmadi
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - P Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - G Dhawan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India; Delhi School of Skill Enhancement & Entrepreneuship Development, Institute of Eminence, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
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Alazzo A, Al-Natour MA, Spriggs K, Stolnik S, Ghaemmaghami A, Kim DH, Alexander C. Investigating the intracellular effects of hyperbranched polycation-DNA complexes on lung cancer cells using LC-MS-based metabolite profiling. Mol Omics 2019; 15:77-87. [PMID: 30706066 DOI: 10.1039/c8mo00139a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cationic polymers have emerged as a promising alternative to viral vectors in gene therapy. They are cheap to scale up, easy to functionalise and are potentially safer than viral vectors, however many are cytotoxic. The large number of polycations, designed to address the toxicity problem, raises a practical need to develop a fast and reliable method for assessing the safety of these materials. In this regard, metabolomics provides a detailed and comprehensive method that can assess the potential toxicity at the cellular and molecular level. Here, we applied metabolomics to investigate the impact of hyperbranched polylysine, hyperbranched polylysine-co-histidine and branched polyethyleneimine polyplexes at sub-toxic concentrations on the metabolic pathways of A459 and H1299 lung carcinoma cell lines. The study revealed that the polyplexes downregulated metabolites associated with glycolysis and the TCA cycle, and induced oxidative stress in both cell lines. The relative changes of the metabolites indicated that the polyplexes of polyethyleneimine and hyperbranched polylysine affected the metabolism much more than the polyplexes of hyperbranched polylysine-co-histidine. This was in line with transfection results, suggesting a correlation between the toxicity and transfection efficiency of these polyplexes. Our work highlights the importance of the metabolomics approach not just to assess the potential toxicity of polyplexes but also to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying any adverse effects, which could help in designing more efficient vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alazzo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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3
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Alazzo A, Lovato T, Collins H, Taresco V, Stolnik S, Soliman M, Spriggs K, Alexander C. Structural variations in hyperbranched polymers prepared via thermal polycondensation of lysine and histidine and their effects on DNA delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jin2.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alazzo
- School of Pharmacy; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- Department of Pharmaceutics; University of Mosul; Mosul Iraq
| | - Tatiana Lovato
- School of Pharmacy; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Hilary Collins
- School of Pharmacy; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Vincenzo Taresco
- School of Pharmacy; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Snjezana Stolnik
- School of Pharmacy; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Mahmoud Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Keith Spriggs
- School of Pharmacy; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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Hong WG, Jeong GW, Nah JW. Evaluation of hyaluronic acid-combined ternary complexes for serum-resistant and targeted gene delivery system. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:459-468. [PMID: 29680502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Branched polyethylenimine (bPEI) was well known as high transfection agent, which has many amine group. However, utilization of bPEI was limited due to high toxicity. To solve these problems, bPEI was introduced to low molecular weight water-soluble chitosan (LMWSC) with coupling agent. In addition, hyaluronic acid (HA), one of natural anion polymer, was introduced to binary complex of pDNA/bPEI-grafted LMWSC (LMPEI) to target the specific cancer cell and impart the serum resistant. Ternary complexes of pDNA/LMPEI/HA were prepared by electrostatic charge interaction and their binding affinity and DNase protection assay were conducted by gel retardation assay. Particle size of ternary complexes showed that had each 482 ± 245.4 (pDNA/LMPEI2%/HA, 1:16:1, w/w/w) and 410 ± 78.5 nm (pDNA/LMPEI4%/HA, 1:16:2, w/w/w). Moreover, to demonstrate serum-resistant effect of ternary complexes, particle size of them was measured according to incubated time (0-10 h) under serum condition. Transfection assay of ternary complexes showed that their transfection efficiency in CD44-receptor overexpressed HCT116 cell was higher than CD44-receptor negative CT26 cell. Additionally, intracellular uptake of ternary complexes with propidium iodide (PI)-labeled pDNA was observed to confirm targeting effect and cellular internalization by fluorescence microscopy. These results suggest that ternary complexes are superb gene carrier with excellent serum-resistant and high gene transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong-Gil Hong
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Won Jeong
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woon Nah
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Guo H, Kim JC. Reduction-Sensitive Poly(ethylenimine) Nanogel Bearing Dithiodipropionic Acid. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 65:718-725. [PMID: 28768925 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reduction-sensitive nanogel was developed by including dithiodipropionic acid (DTPA) in tripolyphosphoric acid (TPPA) cross-linked poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) nanogel. According to the light scattering measurement, DTPA (a disulfide compound) seemed to cross-link PEI chains in a cooperative manner with TPPA (a multi-valent anion). Nanogels composed of TPPA, PEI, and DTPA exhibited negative zeta potential and the absolute value increased with the amount of TPPA and DTPA. TPPA and DTPA were found to be contained in the nanogel, evidenced by Fourier transform (FT)-IR spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. 1H-NMR spectroscopy also revealed DTPA was contained in the nanogel. The DTPA content in the nanogel was determined colorimetrically to be 7.14 and 9.4%, depending on the DTPA content in the raw mixture for the preparation of nanogel. On the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs of the negatively stained nanogel, the diameter was about 20-30 nm. The specific loading of carboxylic fluorescein (CF) in the nanogel was around 1.8%, determined by fluorometric analysis, and it was not affected by the DTPA content. The maximum release degree of CF loaded in nanogel containing no DTPA was less than 10% and it was almost the same regardless of dithiothreitol (DTT) concentration. Whereas, the release of the dye loaded in nanogel containing DTPA was markedly promoted by DTT, possibly because the disulfide bond can be broken by DTT and the diffusivity of the dye through the nanogel matrix can increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangying Guo
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University
| | - Jin-Chul Kim
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University
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Song L, Ding AX, Zhang KX, Gong B, Lu ZL, He L. Degradable polyesters via ring-opening polymerization of functional valerolactones for efficient gene delivery. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:6567-6574. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00822h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Degradable polymers as gene and drug carriers are emerging as one of the most promising types of materials in the biomedical and pharmaceutical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Song
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Ai-Xiang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Ke-Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Bing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Zhong-Lin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Lan He
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control
- Institute of Chemical Drug Control
- Beijing
- China
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7
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Giron-Gonzalez MD, Salto-Gonzalez R, Lopez-Jaramillo FJ, Salinas-Castillo A, Jodar-Reyes AB, Ortega-Muñoz M, Hernandez-Mateo F, Santoyo-Gonzalez F. Polyelectrolyte Complexes of Low Molecular Weight PEI and Citric Acid as Efficient and Nontoxic Vectors for in Vitro and in Vivo Gene Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:549-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Dolores Giron-Gonzalez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology II, School of Pharmacy, and ‡Department of
Organic Chemistry, Biotechnology Institute, §Department of Analytical Chemistry, and ⊥Biocolloid and
Fluid Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty
of Sciences, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Salto-Gonzalez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology II, School of Pharmacy, and ‡Department of
Organic Chemistry, Biotechnology Institute, §Department of Analytical Chemistry, and ⊥Biocolloid and
Fluid Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty
of Sciences, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - F. Javier Lopez-Jaramillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology II, School of Pharmacy, and ‡Department of
Organic Chemistry, Biotechnology Institute, §Department of Analytical Chemistry, and ⊥Biocolloid and
Fluid Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty
of Sciences, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alfonso Salinas-Castillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology II, School of Pharmacy, and ‡Department of
Organic Chemistry, Biotechnology Institute, §Department of Analytical Chemistry, and ⊥Biocolloid and
Fluid Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty
of Sciences, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Belen Jodar-Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology II, School of Pharmacy, and ‡Department of
Organic Chemistry, Biotechnology Institute, §Department of Analytical Chemistry, and ⊥Biocolloid and
Fluid Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty
of Sciences, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Mariano Ortega-Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology II, School of Pharmacy, and ‡Department of
Organic Chemistry, Biotechnology Institute, §Department of Analytical Chemistry, and ⊥Biocolloid and
Fluid Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty
of Sciences, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Hernandez-Mateo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology II, School of Pharmacy, and ‡Department of
Organic Chemistry, Biotechnology Institute, §Department of Analytical Chemistry, and ⊥Biocolloid and
Fluid Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty
of Sciences, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Santoyo-Gonzalez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology II, School of Pharmacy, and ‡Department of
Organic Chemistry, Biotechnology Institute, §Department of Analytical Chemistry, and ⊥Biocolloid and
Fluid Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty
of Sciences, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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8
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Nam JP, Nam K, Nah JW, Kim SW. Evaluation of Histidylated Arginine-Grafted Bioreducible Polymer To Enhance Transfection Efficiency for Use as a Gene Carrier. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2352-64. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joung-Pyo Nam
- Center
for Controlled Chemical Delivery (CCCD), Department of Pharmaceutics
and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kihoon Nam
- Center
for Controlled Chemical Delivery (CCCD), Department of Pharmaceutics
and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jae-Woon Nah
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Wan Kim
- Center
for Controlled Chemical Delivery (CCCD), Department of Pharmaceutics
and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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