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Carreño A, Gacitúa M, Solis-Céspedes E, Páez-Hernández D, Swords WB, Meyer GJ, Preite MD, Chávez I, Vega A, Fuentes JA. New Cationic fac-[Re(CO) 3(deeb)B2] + Complex, Where B2 Is a Benzimidazole Derivative, as a Potential New Luminescent Dye for Proteins Separated by SDS-PAGE. Front Chem 2021; 9:647816. [PMID: 33842435 PMCID: PMC8027506 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.647816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium-dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) can be used to separate proteins based mainly on their size such as in denaturing gels. Different staining methods have been reported to observe proteins in the gel matrix, where the most used dyes are generally anionic. Anionic dyes allow for interactions with protonated amino acids, retaining the dye in the proteins. Fluorescent staining is an alternative technique considered to be sensitive, safe, and versatile. Some anionic complexes based on d6 transition metals have been used for this purpose, where cationic dyes have been less explored in this context. In this work, we synthesized and characterized a new monocationic rhenium complex fac-[Re(CO)3(deeb)B2]+ (where deeb is 4,4′-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,2′-bpy and B2 is 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(3H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-2-yl)phenol). We carried out a structural characterization of this complex by MS+, FTIR, 1H NMR, D2O exchange, and HHCOSY. Moreover, we carried out UV-Vis, luminescence, and cyclic voltammetry experiments to understand the effect of ligands on the complex’s electronic structure. We also performed relativistic theoretical calculations using the B3LYP/TZ2P level of theory and R-TDDFT within a dielectric continuum model (COSMO) to better understand electronic transitions and optical properties. We finally assessed the potential of fac-[Re(CO)3(deeb)B2]+ (as well as the precursor fac-Re(CO)3(deeb)Br and the free ligand B2) to stain proteins separated by SDS-PAGE. We found that only fac-[Re(CO)3(deeb)B2]+ proved viable to be directly used as a luminescent dye for proteins, presumably due to its interaction with negatively charged residues in proteins and by weak interactions provided by B2. In addition, fac-[Re(CO)3(deeb)B2]+ seems to interact preferentially with proteins and not with the gel matrix despite the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). In future applications, these alternative cationic complexes might be used alone or in combination with more traditional anionic compounds to generate counterion dye stains to improve the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Carreño
- Center of Applied NanoSciences (CANS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Eduardo Solis-Céspedes
- Escuela de Bioingeniería Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.,Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Química Computacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Dayán Páez-Hernández
- Center of Applied NanoSciences (CANS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Wesley B Swords
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Marcelo D Preite
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ivonne Chávez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Vega
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile.,Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología Cedenna, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan A Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
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2
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Nastasi F, Santoro A, Serroni S, Campagna S, Kaveevivitchai N, Thummel RP. Early photophysical events of a ruthenium(ii) molecular dyad capable of performing photochemical water oxidation and of its model compounds. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2164-2173. [PMID: 30793142 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00530c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The early photophysical events occurring in the dinuclear metal complex [(ttb-terpy)(I)Ru(μ-dntpz)Ru(bpy)2]3+ (2; ttb-terpy = 4,4',4''-tri-tert-butyl-terpy; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; dntpz = 2,5-di-(1,8-dinaphthyrid-2-yl)pyrazine) - a species containing the chromophoric {(bpy)2Ru(μ-dntpz)}2+ subunit and the catalytic {(I)(ttb-terpy)Ru(μ-dntpz)}+ unit, already reported to be able to perform photocatalytic water oxidation - have been studied by ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy in acetonitrile solution. The model species [Ru(bpy)2(dntpz)]2+ (1), [(bpy)2Ru(μ-dntpz)Ru(bpy)2]4+ (3), and [(ttb-terpy)(I)Ru((μ-dntpz)Ru[(ttb-terpy)(I)]2+ (4) have also been studied. For completeness, the absorption spectra, redox behavior of 1-4 and the spectroelectrochemistry of the dinuclear species 2-4 have been investigated. The usual 3MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) decay, characterized by relatively long lifetimes on the ns timescale, takes place in 1 and 3, whose lowest-energy level involves a {(bpy)2Ru(dntpz)}2+ unit, whereas for 2 and 4, whose lowest-energy excited state involves a 3MLCT centered on the {(I)(ttb-terpy)Ru(μ-dntpz)}+ subunit, the excited-state lifetimes are on the ps timescale, possibly involving population of a low-lying 3MC (metal-centered) level. Compound 2 also exhibits a fast process, with a time constant of 170 fs, which is attributed to intercomponent energy transfer from the MLCT state centered in the {(bpy)2Ru(μ-dntpz)}2+ unit to the MLCT state involving the {(I)(ttb-terpy)Ru(μ-dntpz)}+ unit. Both the intercomponent energy transfer and the MLCT-to-MC activation process take place from non-equilibrated MLCT states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nastasi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, and Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLARCHEM, sezione di Messina), 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, and Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLARCHEM, sezione di Messina), 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Scolastica Serroni
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, and Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLARCHEM, sezione di Messina), 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Campagna
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, and Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLARCHEM, sezione di Messina), 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Nattawut Kaveevivitchai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
| | - Randolph P Thummel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
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3
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Carreño A, Solis-Céspedes E, Páez-Hernández D, Arratia-Pérez R. Exploring the geometrical and optical properties of neutral rhenium (I) tricarbonyl complex of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-diol using relativistic methods. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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4
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Arrigo A, Puntoriero F, La Ganga G, Campagna S, Burian M, Bernstorff S, Amenitsch H. Aggregation-Induced Energy Transfer in a Decanuclear Os(II)/Ru(II) Polypyridine Light-Harvesting Antenna Dendrimer. Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Amati A, Cavigli P, Kahnt A, Indelli MT, Iengo E. Self-Assembled Ruthenium(II)Porphyrin-Aluminium(III)Porphyrin-Fullerene Triad for Long-Lived Photoinduced Charge Separation. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:4242-4252. [PMID: 28498660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A very efficient metal-mediated strategy led, in a single step, to a quantitative construction of a new three-component multichromophoric system containing one fullerene monoadduct, one aluminium(III) monopyridylporphyrin, and one ruthenium(II) tetraphenylporphyrin. The Al(III) monopyridylporphyrin component plays the pivotal role in directing the correct self-assembly process and behaves as the antenna unit for the photoinduced processes of interest. A detailed study of the photophysical behavior of the triad was carried out in different solvents (CH2Cl2, THF, and toluene) by stationary and time-resolved emission and absorption spectroscopy in the pico- and nanosecond time domains. Following excitation of the Al-porphyrin, the strong fluorescence typical of this unit was strongly quenched. The time-resolved absorption experiments provided evidence for the occurrence of stepwise photoinduced electron and hole transfer processes, leading to a charge-separated state with reduced fullerene acceptor and oxidized ruthenium porphyrin donor. The time constant values measured in CH2Cl2 for the formation of charge-separated state Ru-Al+-C60- (10 ps), the charge shift process (Ru-Al+-C60- → Ru+-Al-C60-), where a hole is transferred from Al-based to Ru-based unit (75 ps), and the charge recombination process to ground state (>5 ns), can be rationalized within the Marcus theory. Although the charge-separating performance of this triad is not outstanding, this study demonstrates that, using the self-assembling strategy, improvements can be obtained by appropriate chemical modifications of the individual molecular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Amati
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Cavigli
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Axel Kahnt
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria Teresa Indelli
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.,Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare, sezione di Ferrara , via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Iengo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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6
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Veronese L, Procopio EQ, De Rossi F, Brown TM, Mercandelli P, Mussini P, D'Alfonso G, Panigati M. New dinuclear hydrido-carbonyl rhenium complexes designed as photosensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj03000e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells based on dinuclear hydrido-carbonyl rhenium complexes have been developed, achieving an overall solar conversion efficiency of 1.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Veronese
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Milano
- Italy
| | | | - Francesca De Rossi
- CHOSE
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettronica
- Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata
- 00133 Roma
- Italy
| | - Thomas M. Brown
- CHOSE
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettronica
- Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata
- 00133 Roma
- Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mercandelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Milano
- Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM)
| | - Patrizia Mussini
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Milano
- Italy
| | - Giuseppe D'Alfonso
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Milano
- Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM)
| | - Monica Panigati
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Milano
- Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM)
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7
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Higashino T, Yamada T, Yamamoto M, Furube A, Tkachenko NV, Miura T, Kobori Y, Jono R, Yamashita K, Imahori H. Remarkable Dependence of the Final Charge Separation Efficiency on the Donor-Acceptor Interaction in Photoinduced Electron Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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8
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Higashino T, Yamada T, Yamamoto M, Furube A, Tkachenko NV, Miura T, Kobori Y, Jono R, Yamashita K, Imahori H. Remarkable Dependence of the Final Charge Separation Efficiency on the Donor-Acceptor Interaction in Photoinduced Electron Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:629-33. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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9
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Lebedeva MA, Chamberlain TW, Khlobystov AN. Harnessing the Synergistic and Complementary Properties of Fullerene and Transition-Metal Compounds for Nanomaterial Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:11301-51. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Lebedeva
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrei N. Khlobystov
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Nanotechnology & Nanoscience Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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10
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Kang L, Chen J, Teng T, Chen XL, Yu R, Lu CZ. Experimental and theoretical studies of highly emissive dinuclear Cu(i) halide complexes with delayed fluorescence. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:11649-59. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01292a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical studies of the photophysical properties of three novel emissive dinuclear Cu(i) halide complexes with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liju Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Jin Chen
- College of Life Science
- University of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Teng Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Xu-Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Rongmin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Can-Zhong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
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