Untangling interactions of a zinc(II) complex containing a coumarin-porphyrin unit with alkaloids in water solutions: a photophysical study

Green and Red Fluorescent Dyes for Translational Applications in Imaging and Sensing Analytes: A Dual-Color Flag

Red and green are two of the most-preferred colors from the entire chromatic spectrum, and red and green dyes are widely used in biochemistry, immunohistochemistry, immune-staining, and nanochemistry applications. Selective dyes with green and red excitable chromophores can be used in biological environments, such as tissues and cells, and can be irradiated with visible light without cell damage. This critical review, covering a period of five years, provides an overview of the most-relevant results on the use of red and green fluorescent dyes in the fields of bio-, chemo- and nanoscience. The review focuses on fluorescent dyes containing chromophores such as fluorescein, rhodamine, cyanine, boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY), 7-nitobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-4-yl, naphthalimide, acridine orange, perylene diimides, coumarins, rosamine, Nile red, naphthalene diimide, distyrylpyridinium, benzophosphole P-oxide, benzoresorufins, and tetrapyrrolic macrocycles. Metal complexes and nanomaterials with these dyes are also discussed.

β-Formyl- and β-Vinylporphyrins: Magic Building Blocks for Novel Porphyrin Derivatives

Porphyrins bearing formyl or vinyl groups have been explored as starting materials to prepare new compounds with adequate features for different applications. In this review it is discussed mainly synthetic strategies based on the reaction of meso-tetraarylporphyrins bearing those groups at β-pyrrolic positions. The use of some of the obtained porphyrin derivatives for further transformations, namely via pericyclic reactions, is also highlighted.

Coumarin-Tetrapyrrolic Macrocycle Conjugates: Synthesis and Applications

This review covers the synthesis of coumarin-porphyrin, coumarin-phthalocyanine and coumarin-corrole conjugates and their potential applications. While coumarin-phthalocyanine conjugates were obtained almost exclusively by tetramerization of coumarin-functionalized phthalonitriles, coumarin-porphyrin and coumarin-corrole conjugates were prepared by complementary approaches: (a) direct synthesis of the tetrapyrrolic macrocycle using formylcoumarins and pyrrole or (b) by functionalization of the tetrapyrrolic macrocycle. In the last approach a range of reaction types were used, namely 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, hetero-Diels-Alder, Sonogashira, alkylation or acylation reactions. This is clearly a more versatile approach, leading to a larger diversity of conjugates and allowing the access to conjugates bearing one to up to 16 coumarin units.