1
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Zhao Z, Liu X, Zhang M, Zhang L, Zhang C, Li X, Yu G. Development of flow battery technologies using the principles of sustainable chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6031-6074. [PMID: 37539656 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00765g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Realizing decarbonization and sustainable energy supply by the integration of variable renewable energies has become an important direction for energy development. Flow batteries (FBs) are currently one of the most promising technologies for large-scale energy storage. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the state-of-the-art progress in FBs from the new perspectives of technological and environmental sustainability, thus guiding the future development of FB technologies. More importantly, we evaluate the current situation and future development of key materials with key aspects of green economy and decarbonization to promote sustainable development and improve the novel energy framework. Finally, we present an analysis of the current challenges and prospects on how to effectively construct low-carbon and sustainable FB materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Zhao
- Division of Energy Storage, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xianghui Liu
- Division of Energy Storage, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Division of Energy Storage, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Leyuan Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
| | - Changkun Zhang
- Division of Energy Storage, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Xianfeng Li
- Division of Energy Storage, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
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2
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Di Leone S, Kyropoulou M, Köchlin J, Wehr R, Meier WP, Palivan CG. Tailoring a Solvent-Assisted Method for Solid-Supported Hybrid Lipid-Polymer Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:6561-6570. [PMID: 35580858 PMCID: PMC9161443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Combining amphiphilic block copolymers and phospholipids opens new opportunities for the preparation of artificial membranes. The chemical versatility and mechanical robustness of polymers together with the fluidity and biocompatibility of lipids afford hybrid membranes with unique properties that are of great interest in the field of bioengineering. Owing to its straightforwardness, the solvent-assisted method (SA) is particularly attractive for obtaining solid-supported membranes. While the SA method was first developed for lipids and very recently extended to amphiphilic block copolymers, its potential to develop hybrid membranes has not yet been explored. Here, we tailor the SA method to prepare solid-supported polymer-lipid hybrid membranes by combining a small library of amphiphilic diblock copolymers poly(dimethyl siloxane)-poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) and poly(butylene oxide)-block-poly(glycidol) with phospholipids commonly found in cell membranes including 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, sphingomyelin, and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(glutaryl). The optimization of the conditions under which the SA method was applied allowed for the formation of hybrid polymer-lipid solid-supported membranes. The real-time formation and morphology of these hybrid membranes were evaluated using a combination of quartz crystal microbalance and atomic force microscopy. Depending on the type of polymer-lipid combination, significant differences in membrane coverage, formation of domains, and quality of membranes were obtained. The use of the SA method for a rapid and controlled formation of solid-supported hybrid membranes provides the basis for developing customized artificial hybrid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Di Leone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- School
of Life Sciences, Institute for Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland
(FHNW), Grundenstrasse
40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Myrto Kyropoulou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- National
Centre of Competence in Research Molecular Systems Engineering (NCCR
MSE), BPR 1095, Mattenstrasse
24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julian Köchlin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Wehr
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang P. Meier
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- National
Centre of Competence in Research Molecular Systems Engineering (NCCR
MSE), BPR 1095, Mattenstrasse
24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia G. Palivan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- National
Centre of Competence in Research Molecular Systems Engineering (NCCR
MSE), BPR 1095, Mattenstrasse
24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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3
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Wijaya F, Woo S, Lee H, Nugraha AF, Shin D, Bae B. Sulfonated poly(phenylene-co-arylene ether sulfone) multiblock membranes for application in high-performance fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Gohil JM, Dutta K. Structures and properties of polymers in ion exchange membranes for hydrogen generation by water electrolysis. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaydevsinh M. Gohil
- Advanced Polymer Design and Development Research Laboratory (APDDRL) School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals (SARP), Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology (CIPET) Bengaluru Karnataka India
| | - Kingshuk Dutta
- Advanced Polymer Design and Development Research Laboratory (APDDRL) School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals (SARP), Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology (CIPET) Bengaluru Karnataka India
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5
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Dai Q, Zhao Z, Shi M, Deng C, Zhang H, Li X. Ion conductive membranes for flow batteries: Design and ions transport mechanism. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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6
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Liu F, Ahn J, Miyake J, Miyatake K. Poly(para-phenylene) ionomer membranes: effect of methyl and trifluoromethyl substituents. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01141c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(para-phenylene sulfonic acid) containing CF3 groups exhibits thin membrane forming capability, high proton conductivity, mechanical strength, gas barrier properties, and chemical stability as a proton conductive membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghua Liu
- Graduate School of Medical, Industrial and Agricultural Science, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Jinju Ahn
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Junpei Miyake
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Miyatake
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, and Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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7
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Guo X, Fan Y, Xu J, Wang L, Zheng J. Amino-MIL-53(Al)-Nanosheets@Nafion Composite Membranes with Improved Proton/Methanol Selectivity for Passive Direct Methanol Fuel Cells. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Guo
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Yong Fan
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Jianing Xu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Jifu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
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8
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Peressin N, Adamski M, Schibli EM, Ye E, Frisken BJ, Holdcroft S. Structure–Property Relationships in Sterically Congested Proton-Conducting Poly(phenylene)s: the Impact of Biphenyl Linearity. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Peressin
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - M. Adamski
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - E. M. Schibli
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - E. Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - B. J. Frisken
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - S. Holdcroft
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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9
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Bao X, Rodriguez J, Bonne D. Bidirectional enantioselective synthesis of bis-benzofuran atropisomeric oligoarenes featuring two distal C-C stereogenic axes. Chem Sci 2019; 11:403-408. [PMID: 32153755 PMCID: PMC7021203 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04378k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the bidirectional enantioselective synthesis of bis-benzofuran atropisomeric oligoarenes featuring two distal C–C stereogenic axes. These are controlled by a two-fold central-to-axial chirality conversion upon oxidative aromatization.
We report the bidirectional enantioselective synthesis of bis-benzofuran atropisomeric oligoarenes featuring two distal C–C stereogenic axes obtained by a two-fold central-to-axial chirality conversion upon oxidative aromatization. The key enantioenriched centrally chiral bis-dihydrobenzofuran precursors were synthesized via a bidirectional diastereo- and enantio-selective organocatalyzed domino reaction between simple achiral and easily accessible dihydroxylated aromatics and chloronitroalkenes. Moreover, the stereodivergent nature of the methodology was established by synthesizing both diastereomers of a non-symmetrically functionalized bis-axially chiral oligoarene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoze Bao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Jean Rodriguez
- Aix Marseille Université , CNRS , Centrale Marseille , iSm2 , Marseille , France . ;
| | - Damien Bonne
- Aix Marseille Université , CNRS , Centrale Marseille , iSm2 , Marseille , France . ;
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10
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Chistyakov EM, Buzin MI, Aksenov SM, Tupikov AS, Kireev VV. Thermal polycondensation of hexakis(p-acetylphenoxy)-cyclotriphosphazene. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Hu H, Sui Y, Ueda M, Qian J, Wang L, Zhang X. Multi-block sulfonated poly(arylene ether nitrile) polymers bearing oligomeric benzotriazole pendants with exceptionally high H2/O2 fuel cell performance. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Wang C, Zhou Y, Shen B, Zhao X, Li J, Ren Q. Proton-conducting poly(ether sulfone ketone)s containing a high density of pendant sulfonic groups by a convenient and mild post-sulfonation. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00996a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A class of new poly(ether sulfone ketone)s containing a high density of pendant sulfonic groups on the sulfonated structural units were designed and the resulting membranes exhibited overall good performance at low IEC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
| | - Yuanpeng Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
| | - Bin Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
| | - Jian Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
| | - Qiang Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
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13
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Dong T, He B, Li X, Wu C, Li N, Ueda M, Zhang X, Wang L. Multiblock poly(Phenylene ether nitrile)s with pendant sulfoalkoxyl side chain for H2
/air fuel cells at low humidity condition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiandu Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering; Nanjing University of Science & Technology; 200 Xiaolingwei Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Bin He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering; Nanjing University of Science & Technology; 200 Xiaolingwei Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Xinze Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering; Nanjing University of Science & Technology; 200 Xiaolingwei Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Congcong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering; Nanjing University of Science & Technology; 200 Xiaolingwei Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Nanwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - Mitsuru Ueda
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering; Nanjing University of Science & Technology; 200 Xiaolingwei Nanjing 210094 China
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1 O-okayama Meguro-Ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering; Nanjing University of Science & Technology; 200 Xiaolingwei Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Lianjun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering; Nanjing University of Science & Technology; 200 Xiaolingwei Nanjing 210094 China
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14
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Oshima T, Yoshizawa-Fujita M, Takeoka Y, Rikukawa M. Use of a High-Performance Poly( p-phenylene)-Based Aromatic Hydrocarbon Ionomer with Superacid Groups in Fuel Cells under Low Humidity Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:939-942. [PMID: 31457174 PMCID: PMC6640801 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic ionomers with perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid groups for fuel cell applications have been prepared mostly by the post-functionalization method. Herein, we present a direct polymerization method using a novel monomer with a perfluorosulfonic acid group to control the amount and position of the sulfonic acid groups. A poly(p-phenylene)-based aromatic hydrocarbon ionomer bearing a pendant perfluorosulfonic acid group in a substituent at the 2-position is synthesized by Ni(0)-catalyzed coupling polymerization. The direct polymerization provides M n values of up to 169 000 with a highly controlled molecular structure and allows the formation of thin membranes. These ionomers were found to combine the positive features of perfluorinated and aromatic hydrocarbon ionomers, and these thin membranes with a relatively high ion exchange capacity showed high proton conductivity and excellent fuel cell performance (907 mW cm-2 even at 80 °C and 30% RH) under low humidity conditions compared with other reported aromatic hydrocarbon ionomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Oshima
- Department of Materials
and
Life Sciences, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshizawa-Fujita
- Department of Materials
and
Life Sciences, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Yuko Takeoka
- Department of Materials
and
Life Sciences, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Masahiro Rikukawa
- Department of Materials
and
Life Sciences, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
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15
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High performance tetra-sulfonated poly(p-phenylene-co-aryl ether ketone) membranes with microblock moieties for passive direct methanol fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Jo SG, Kim TH, Yoon SJ, Oh SG, Cha MS, Shin HY, Ahn JM, Lee JY, Hong YT. Synthesis and investigation of random-structured ionomers with highly sulfonated multi-phenyl pendants for electrochemical applications. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Gopi KH, Bhat SD, Sahu AK, Sridhar P. Quaternized poly(phenylene oxide) anion exchange membrane for alkaline direct methanol fuel cells in KOH-free media. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Hari Gopi
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute-Madras Unit; Taramani, Chennai 600113 Tamilnadu India
| | - Santoshkumar D. Bhat
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute-Madras Unit; Taramani, Chennai 600113 Tamilnadu India
| | - Akhila Kumar Sahu
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute-Madras Unit; Taramani, Chennai 600113 Tamilnadu India
| | - P. Sridhar
- Mesha Energy Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Yeshwantpur; Bangalore Karnataka India
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18
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Qiu X, Ueda M, Fang Y, Chen S, Hu Z, Zhang X, Wang L. Alkaline stable anion exchange membranes based on poly(phenylene-co-arylene ether ketone) backbones. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01080f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To improve the alkaline stability of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) based on conventional poly(ether ketone/sulfone) backbones, two novel poly(phenylene-co-arylene ether ketone) (PPAEK) ionomers with a quaternary ammonium (QA-) or imidazolium (IM-) group were prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Mitsuru Ueda
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Yi Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Zhaoxia Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Lianjun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
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19
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Litt M, Wycisk R. Poly(arylenesulfonic acids) with Frozen-In Free Volume as Hydrogen Fuel Cell Membrane Materials. POLYM REV 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2015.1023955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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