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Slomkowski S, Basinska T, Gadzinowski M, Mickiewicz D. Polyesters and Polyester Nano- and Microcarriers for Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2503. [PMID: 39274136 PMCID: PMC11397835 DOI: 10.3390/polym16172503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Many therapies require the transport of therapeutic compounds or substances encapsulated in carriers that reduce or, if possible, eliminate their direct contact with healthy tissue and components of the immune system, which may react to them as something foreign and dangerous to the patient's body. To date, inorganic nanoparticles, solid lipids, micelles and micellar aggregates, liposomes, polymeric micelles, and other polymer assemblies were tested as drug carriers. Specifically, using polymers creates a variety of options to prepare nanocarriers tailored to the chosen needs. Among polymers, aliphatic polyesters are a particularly important group. The review discusses controlled synthesis of poly(β-butyrolactone)s, polylactides, polyglycolide, poly(ε-caprolactone), and copolymers containing polymacrolactone units with double bonds suitable for preparation of functionalized nanoparticles. Discussed are syntheses of aliphatic polymers with controlled molar masses ranging from a few thousand to 106 and, in the case of polyesters with chiral centers in the chains, with controlled microstructure. The review presents also a collection of methods useful for the preparation of the drug-loaded nanocarriers: classical, developed and mastered more recently (e.g., nanoprecipitation), and forgotten but still with great potential (by the direct synthesis of the drug-loaded nanoparticles in the process comprising monomer and drug). The article describes also in-vitro and model in-vivo studies for the brain-targeted drugs based on polyester-containing nanocarriers and presents a brief update on the clinical studies and the polyester nanocarrier formulation approved for application in the clinics in South Korea for the treatment of breast, lung, and ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislaw Slomkowski
- Division of Functional Polymers and Polymer Materials, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, H. Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Teresa Basinska
- Division of Functional Polymers and Polymer Materials, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, H. Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gadzinowski
- Division of Functional Polymers and Polymer Materials, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, H. Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Damian Mickiewicz
- Division of Functional Polymers and Polymer Materials, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, H. Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
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In Situ Ring-Opening Polymerization of L-lactide on the Surface of Pristine and Aminated Silica: Synthesis and Metal Ions Extraction. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224995. [PMID: 36433121 PMCID: PMC9695270 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of functional materials from food waste sources and minerals is currently of high importance. In the present work, polylactic acid (PLA)/silica composites were prepared by in situ ring-opening polymerizations of L-lactide onto the surface of pristine (Silochrom) and amine-functionalized (Silochrom-NH2) silica. The characteristics of the ring-opening polymerization onto the surface of modified and unmodified silica were identified and discussed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm the polymerization of lactide onto the silica surface, and thermogravimetric analysis determined that PLA constituted 5.9% and 7.5% of the composite mass for Silochrom/PLA and Silochrom-NH2/PLA, respectively. The sorption properties of the composites with respect to Pb(II), Co(II), and Cu(II) ions were investigated, and the effect of contact time, initial metal ion concentration, and initial pH were evaluated. Silochrom-NH2/PLA composites were found to have a higher adsorption capacity than Silochrom/PLA for all chosen ions, with the highest adsorption value occurring for Pb2+ at 1.5 mmol/g (90% removal efficiency). The composites showed the highest performance in the neutral or near-neutral pH (created by distilled water or buffer pH 6.86) during the first 15 min of phase contact. The equilibrium characteristics of adsorption were found to follow the Langmuir isotherm model rather than the Freundlich and Temkin models. Perspective applications for these PLA/silicas include remediation of industrial wastewater or leaching solutions from spent lead-acid and Li-ion batteries.
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Sartaliya S, Mahajan R, Sharma R, Dar AH, Jayamurugan G. New Water-Soluble Magnetic Field-Induced Drug Delivery System Obtained Via Preferential Molecular Marriage over Narcissistic Self-Sorting. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:8999-9009. [PMID: 35829621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials that respond to stimuli are of considerable interest for drug delivery applications. Drug delivery has been a leading challenge when it comes to the externally triggered controlled release of hydrophobic drugs. The present paper describes a unique arrangement of polymers in a competitive environment derived from the dynamic self-sorting behavior of the hydrophobic chains of amphiphilic mPEG-PLLA and poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA)-coated iron oxide nanoparticles IONP@PLLA to achieve a core-shell structure in which the hydrophobic PLLA part acts as a dense core and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as an uncrowded shell. By using irreversible covalent interactions created by hydrophobic polymer-functionalized IONPs, it was possible to selectively form socially self-sorted nanocarriers (SS-NCs) with a higher hydrophobic core than the hydrophilic shell over narcissistic self-sorted nanocarriers (NS-NCs), that is, homo-micelles of amphiphilic polymers. The higher hydrophobic core of SS-NCs is indeed helpful in achieving higher drug [doxorubicin (DOX)] loading and encapsulation efficiencies of around 17 and 90%, respectively, over 10.3 and 65.6% for NS-NCs. Furthermore, due to the presence of IONPs and the densely packed hydrophobic compartments, the controlled release of DOX was facilitated by direct magnetism and temperature stimulation when an alternating magnetic field (AMF) was applied. An appreciably higher rate of drug release (∼50%) than that without AMF (∼18%) was achieved under ambient conditions in 24 h. The present study, therefore, proposes a new drug delivery system that exceeds homo-micelles and adds an extra feature of manipulating drug release through magnetism and temperature, that is, hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaifali Sartaliya
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli P.O., Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Ritu Mahajan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli P.O., Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Raina Sharma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli P.O., Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Arif Hassan Dar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli P.O., Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Govindasamy Jayamurugan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli P.O., Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
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Marquet F, Patrulea V, Borchard G. Comparison of triblock copolymeric micelles based on α- and ε-poly(L-lysine): a Cornelian choice. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDue to the lack of safe carriers for the delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA), clinical applications of nucleotide-based therapeutics have been limited. In this study, biodegradable amphiphilic triblock copolymers with tailored molecular weights for each block composed of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (2000 g/mol), poly(L-lysine) (1300 g/mol) and poly(D,L-lactic acid) (1800 g/mol) (mPEG45-α-PLL10-PLA25) were synthesized and fully characterized. The peptide synthesis was carried out on a solid phase to limit the presence of cationic charges. The arrangement and availability of cationic amino groups within a micellar vector were investigated to determine the colloidal stability as well as the predisposition of these systems to vectorize siRNAs in addition to their already known ability to improve the solubility of hydrophobic compounds. For this purpose, a triblock copolymer containing an epsilon poly(L-lysine) was synthesized similarly. Accordingly, the arrangement of the cationic segment modifies the rigidity involving a complexation constraint due to limited cationic charges available on the surface, which can compromise the efficiency of delivery into cells. In addition, the two vectors were biocompatible in different human cell lines.
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Brossier T, Volpi G, Vasquez-Villegas J, Petitjean N, Guillaume O, Lapinte V, Blanquer S. Photoprintable Gelatin- graft-Poly(trimethylene carbonate) by Stereolithography for Tissue Engineering Applications. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3873-3883. [PMID: 34510908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The stereolithography process is a powerful additive manufacturing technology to fabricate scaffolds for regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, the quest for versatile inks allowing one to produce scaffolds with controlled properties is still unsatisfied. In this original article, we tackle this bottleneck by synthesizing a panel of photoprocessable hybrid copolymers composed of gelatin-graft-poly(trimethylene carbonate)s (Gel-g-PTMCn). We demonstrated that by changing the length of PTMC blocks grafted from gelatin, it is possible to tailor the final properties of the photofabricated objects. We reported here on the synthesis of Gel-g-PTMCn with various lengths of PTMC blocks grafted from gelatin using hydroxy and amino side groups of the constitutive amino acids. Then, the characterization of the resulting hybrid copolymers was fully investigated by quantitative NMR spectroscopy before rendering them photosensitive by methacrylation of the PTMC terminal groups. Homogeneous composition of the photocrosslinked hybrid polymers was demonstrated by EDX spectroscopy and electronic microscopy. To unravel the individual contribution of the PTMC moiety on the hybrid copolymer behavior, water absorption, contact angle measurements, and degradation studies were undertaken. Interestingly, the photocrosslinked materials immersed in water were examined using tensile experiments and displayed a large panel of behavior from hydrogel to elastomer-like depending on the PTMC/gel ratio. Moreover, the absence of cytotoxicity was conducted following the ISO 10993 assay. As a proof of concept, 3D porous objects were successfully fabricated using stereolithography. Those results validate the great potential of this panel of inks for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brossier
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France.,3D Medlab, Marignane 13700, France
| | | | | | - Noémie Petitjean
- LMGC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier 34090, France.,IRMB, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier 34090, France
| | - Olivier Guillaume
- 3D Printing and Biofabrication Group, Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien Getreidemarkt 9/308, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vincent Lapinte
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
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Brossier T, Volpi G, Lapinte V, Blanquer S. Synthesis of Poly(Trimethylene Carbonate) from Amine Group Initiation: Role of Urethane Bonds in the Crystallinity. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13020280. [PMID: 33467051 PMCID: PMC7829917 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Semi-crystalline poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) can be efficiently prepared by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) initiated by amine using various catalysts. More promising results were reached with the one-step process of stannous octanoate unlike the two-step one-pot reaction using TBD and MSA catalysts. The ROP-amine of TMC consists in a simple isocyanate free process to produce polycarbonate-urethanes, compatible with the large availability of amines ranging from mono- to multifunctional until natural amino acids. ROP-amine of TMC leads to urethane bonds monitored by FTIR spectroscopy. The relationship between the nature of amines and the crystallinity of PTMC was discussed through X-ray diffraction and thermal studies by DSC and TGA. The impact of the crystallinity was also demonstrated on the mechanical properties of semi-crystalline PTMC in comparison to amorphous PTMC, synthesized by ROP initiated by alcohol. The semi-crystalline PTMC synthesized by ROP-amine opens many perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brossier
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34296 Montpellier, France; (T.B.); (V.L.)
- 3D Medlab, 13700 Marignane, France;
| | | | - Vincent Lapinte
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34296 Montpellier, France; (T.B.); (V.L.)
| | - Sebastien Blanquer
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34296 Montpellier, France; (T.B.); (V.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Boonpavanitchakul K, Bast LK, Bruns N, Magaraphan R. Silk Sericin-Polylactide Protein-Polymer Conjugates as Biodegradable Amphiphilic Materials and Their Application in Drug Release Systems. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2312-2324. [PMID: 32927943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Silk sericin (SS) is a byproduct of silk production. In order to transform it into value-added products, sericin can be used as a biodegradable and pH-responsive building block in drug delivery materials. To this end, amphiphilic substances were synthesized via the conjugation of hydrophobic polylactide (PLA) to the hydrophilic sericin using a bis-aryl hydrazone linker. PLA was esterified with a terephthalaldehydic acid to obtain aromatic aldehyde terminated PLA (PLA-CHO). In addition, lysine groups of SS were modified with the linker succinimidyl-6-hydrazino-nicotinamide (S-HyNic). Then, both macromolecules were mixed to form the amphipilic protein-polymer conjugate in buffer-DMF solution. The formation of bis-aryl hydrazone linkages was confirmed and quantified by UV-vis spectroscopy. SS-PLA conjugates self-assembled in water into spherical multicompartment micelles with a diameter of around 100 nm. Doxorubicin (DOX) was selected as a model drug for studying the pH-dependent drug release from SS-PLA nanoparticles. The release rate of the encapsulated drug was slower than that of the free drug and dependent on pH, faster at pH 5.0, and it resulted in a larger cumulative amount of drug released than at physiological pH of 7.4. The SS-PLA conjugate of high PLA branches showed smaller particle size and lower loading capacity than the one with low PLA branches. Both SS-PLA conjugates had negligible cytotoxicity, whereas after loading with DOX, the SS-PLA micelles were highly toxic for the human liver carcinoma immortalized cell line HepG2. Therefore, the SS-based biodegradable amphiphilic material showed great potential as a drug carrier for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Livia K Bast
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Nico Bruns
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Rathanawan Magaraphan
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Polymer Processing and Polymer Nanomaterials Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai, Bangkok, 10330. Thailand.,Green Materials for Industrial Application Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Ren Y, Shen M, Ding Y, Yuan M, Jiang L, Li H, Yuan M. Study on preparation and controlled release in vitro of bergenin-amino polylactic acid polymer. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:650-660. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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9
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Thongkham S, Monot J, Martin-Vaca B, Bourissou D. Simple In-Based Dual Catalyst Enables Significant Progress in ε-Decalactone Ring-Opening (Co)polymerization. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somprasong Thongkham
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Monot
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Blanca Martin-Vaca
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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11
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Liang J, Deng J. Chiral Particles Consisting of Helical Polylactide and Helical Substituted Polyacetylene: Preparation and Synergistic Effects in Enantio-Differentiating Release. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junya Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Catechol End-Functionalized Polylactide by Organocatalyzed Ring-Opening Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10020155. [PMID: 30966191 PMCID: PMC6415175 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a great interest in incorporating catechol moieties into polymers in a controlled manner due to their interesting properties, such as the promotion of adhesion, redox activity or bioactivity. One possibility is to incorporate the catechol as end-group in a polymer chain using a functional initiator by means of controlled polymerization strategies. Nevertheless, the instability of catechol moieties under oxygen and basic pH requires tedious protection and deprotection steps to perform the polymerization in a controlled fashion. In the present work, we explore the organocatalyzed synthesis of catechol end-functional, semi-telechelic polylactide (PLLA) using non-protected dopamine, catechol molecule containing a primary amine, as initiator. NMR and SEC-IR results showed that in the presence of a weak organic base such as triethylamine, the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide takes place in a controlled manner without need of protecting the cathechol units. To further confirm the end-group fidelity the catechol containing PLLA was characterized by Cyclic Voltammetry and MALDI-TOF confirming the absence of side reaction during the polymerization. In order to exploit the potential of catechol moieties, catechol end-group of PLLA was oxidized to quinone and further reacted with aliphatic amines. In addition, we also confirmed the ability of catechol functionalized PLLA to reduce metal ions to metal nanoparticles to obtain well distributed silver nanoparticles. It is expected that this new route of preparing catechol-PLLA polymers without protection will increase the accessibility of catechol containing biodegradable polymers by ROP.
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Chen S, Liu Y, Li Z, Wang X, Dong H, Sun H, Yang K, Gebru H, Guo K. H-bonding binary organocatalysis promoted amine-initiated ring-opening polymerizations of lactide from polysarcosine to diblock copolymers. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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16
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Parwe SP, Warkad SD, Mane MV, Shedage PS, Garnaik B. Investigation of the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity associated with ROP initiator and its role in bulk polymerization of l-lactide. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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d'Arcy R, Burke J, Tirelli N. Branched polyesters: Preparative strategies and applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 107:60-81. [PMID: 27189232 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the last 20years, the availability of precision chemical tools (e.g. controlled/living polymerizations, 'click' reactions) has determined a step change in the complexity of both the macromolecular architecture and the chemical functionality of biodegradable polyesters. A major part in this evolution has been played by the possibilities that controlled macromolecular branching offers in terms of tailored physical/biological performance. This review paper aims to provide an updated overview of preparative techniques that derive hyperbranched, dendritic, comb, grafted polyesters through polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization mechanisms.
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Newly Developed Techniques on Polycondensation, Ring-Opening Polymerization and Polymer Modification: Focus on Poly(Lactic Acid). MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9030133. [PMID: 28773260 PMCID: PMC5456738 DOI: 10.3390/ma9030133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization are two important polymer synthesis methods. Poly(lactic acid), the most typical biodegradable polymer, has been researched extensively from 1900s. It is of significant importance to have an up-to-date review on the recent improvement in techniques for biodegradable polymers. This review takes poly(lactic acid) as the example to present newly developed polymer synthesis techniques on polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization reported in the recent decade (2005–2015) on the basis of industrial technique modifications and advanced laboratory research. Different polymerization methods, including various solvents, heating programs, reaction apparatus and catalyst systems, are summarized and compared with the current industrial production situation. Newly developed modification techniques for polymer properties improvement are also discussed based on the case of poly(lactic acid).
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Hu Y, Daoud WA, Cheuk KKL, Lin CSK. Newly Developed Techniques on Polycondensation, Ring-Opening Polymerization and Polymer Modification: Focus on Poly(Lactic Acid). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016. [PMID: 28773260 DOI: 10.3390/ma9030133c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization are two important polymer synthesis methods. Poly(lactic acid), the most typical biodegradable polymer, has been researched extensively from 1900s. It is of significant importance to have an up-to-date review on the recent improvement in techniques for biodegradable polymers. This review takes poly(lactic acid) as the example to present newly developed polymer synthesis techniques on polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization reported in the recent decade (2005-2015) on the basis of industrial technique modifications and advanced laboratory research. Different polymerization methods, including various solvents, heating programs, reaction apparatus and catalyst systems, are summarized and compared with the current industrial production situation. Newly developed modification techniques for polymer properties improvement are also discussed based on the case of poly(lactic acid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzi Hu
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Walid A Daoud
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kevin Ka Leung Cheuk
- The Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Carol Sze Ki Lin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Bednarek M, Basko M, Biedron T, Wojtczak E, Michalski A. Polymerization of lactide initiated by primary amines and catalyzed by a protic acid. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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