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Landa V, Shapira Y, Eliyahu-Behar A, Ben-Arie RL, Weiss E, Reuveni Y, Drori E. Setting the morphologic quality limits enabling accurate classification of charred archaeological grape seeds. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16148. [PMID: 38997329 PMCID: PMC11245623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66896-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the morphological changes in grape pips resulting from various charring conditions. Employing high-resolution scanning combined with morphometric measurements for morphological analysis, we aimed to understand the effects of charring on grape pips. Our morphometric analysis demonstrated significant alterations in seed shape above 250 °C. The length-width ratio and the occurrence of cracks notably changed, providing a basis for assessing charring conditions. In addition, applying a machine learning classification method, we determined that accurate classification of grape varieties by the morphometric analysis method is feasible for seeds charred at up to 250 °C and 8 h. Integrating the morphometric changes and temperature ranges suitable for classification, we developed a sorting model for archaeological seeds. By projecting length-width ratios onto a curve calculated from controlled conditions, we estimated charring temperatures. Approximately 50% of archaeological seeds deviated from the model, indicating drastic charring conditions. This sorting model facilitates a stringent selection of seeds fit for classification, enhancing the accuracy of our machine learning-based methodology. In conclusion, combining machine learning with morphometric sorting enables the identification of charred grape seeds suitable for identification by the morphometric method. This comprehensive approach provides a valuable tool for future research for the identification of charred grape seeds found in archaeological contexts, enhancing our understanding of ancient viticulture practices and grape cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Landa
- Department of Computer Science, Ariel University, 40700, Ariel, Israel
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Science Park, 40700, Ariel, Israel
| | - Yekaterina Shapira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Ariel University, 40700, Ariel, Israel
| | - Adi Eliyahu-Behar
- Department of the Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology, Ariel University, 40700, Ariel, Israel
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 40700, Ariel, Israel
| | | | - Ehud Weiss
- Archaeobotanical Laboratory and National Natural History Collection of Plants' Seeds and Fruits, Martin (Szusz) Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Yuval Reuveni
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Science Park, 40700, Ariel, Israel.
- Remote Sensing Lab, Eastern R&D Center, 40700, Ariel, Israel.
| | - Elyashiv Drori
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Ariel University, 40700, Ariel, Israel.
- The Samson Family Institute of Grape and Wine Research, Eastern Regional R&D Center, 40700, Ariel, Israel.
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Uşurelu CD, Frone AN, Oprică GM, Raduly MF, Ghiurea M, Neblea EI, Nicolae CA, Filip X, Teodorescu M, Panaitescu DM. Preparation and functionalization of cellulose nanofibers using a naturally occurring acid and their application in stabilizing linseed oil/water Pickering emulsions. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129884. [PMID: 38336328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Finding efficient and environmental-friendly methods to produce and chemically modify cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) remains a challenge. In this study, lactic acid (LA) treatment followed by microfluidization was employed for the isolation and functionalization of CNFs. Small amounts of HCl (0.01, 0.1, and 0.2 M) were used alongside LA to intensify cellulose hydrolysis. FTIR spectroscopy and solid-state 13C NMR confirmed the successful functionalization of CNFs with lactyl groups during isolation, while SEM, AFM, and rheological tests revealed that the addition of HCl governed the fibers' sizes and morphology. Notably, the treatment with LA and 0.2 M HCl resulted in a more efficient defibrillation, yielding smaller nanofibers sizes (62 nm) as compared to the treatment with LA or HCl alone (90 and 108 nm, respectively). The aqueous suspension of CNFs treated with LA and 0.2 M HCl showed the highest viscosity and storage modulus. LA-modified CNFs were tested as stabilizers for linseed oil/water (50/50 v/v) emulsions. Owing to the lactyl groups grafted on their surface and higher aspect ratio, CNFs produced with 0.1 and 0.2 M HCl led to emulsions with increased stability (a creaming index increase of only 3 % and 1 %, respectively, in 30 days) and smaller droplets sizes of 23.4 ± 1.2 and 35.5 ± 0.5 μm, respectively. The results showed that LA-modified CNFs are promising stabilizers for Pickering emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălina-Diana Uşurelu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Nicoleta Frone
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Gabriela-Mădălina Oprică
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Florentina Raduly
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marius Ghiurea
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Iulia Neblea
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian-Andi Nicolae
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Xenia Filip
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Denis Mihaela Panaitescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
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Țurcanu AA, Matei E, Râpă M, Predescu AM, Berbecaru AC, Coman G, Predescu C. Walnut Shell Biowaste Valorization via HTC Process for the Removal of Some Emerging Pharmaceutical Pollutants from Aqueous Solutions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911095. [PMID: 36232389 PMCID: PMC9570237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This research emphasizes the performance of some eco-friendly carbon materials as hydrochars (HC) obtained by the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process applied to walnut shell (WS) biowaste. These materials display promising properties that can be used for environmental applications such as emerging pharmaceutical pollutant retention from water sources. Thus, three hydrochars coded HCWS1, HCWS2, and HCWS3 were obtained using a dynamic autoclave in specific conditions—temperature of 220 °C, autogenous pressure, 1:10 biomass–water weight ratio—and for three different reaction times, 1 h, 6 h, and 12 h. The HCWSs were characterized by means of ATR-FTIR and SEM-EDS analyses and tested as possible adsorbents to assess the removal efficiencies of some emerging pharmaceutical pollutants (paracetamol and methylene blue) by UV–VIS spectrophotometry. Kinetic and adsorption studies were carried out. The best results were obtained for the HCWS3 hydrochar. Further perspectives include an activation step of the hydrochars and their testing on other emerging pharmaceutical pollutants.
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Veses A, Sanahuja-Parejo O, Navarro M, López J, Murillo R, Callén M, García T. From laboratory scale to pilot plant: Evaluation of the catalytic co-pyrolysis of grape seeds and polystyrene wastes with CaO. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Vostrejs P, Adamcová D, Vaverková MD, Enev V, Kalina M, Machovsky M, Šourková M, Marova I, Kovalcik A. Active biodegradable packaging films modified with grape seeds lignin. RSC Adv 2020; 10:29202-29213. [PMID: 35521111 PMCID: PMC9055960 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04074f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable packaging materials represent one possible solution for how to reduce the negative environmental impact of plastics. The main idea of this work was to investigate the possibility of utilizing grape seed lignin for the modification of polyhydroxyalkanoates with the use of its antioxidant capacity in packaging films. For this purpose, polymeric films based on the blend of high crystalline poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and amorphous polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) were prepared. PHB/PHA films displayed Young modulus of 240 MPa, tensile strength at a maximum of 6.6 MPa and elongation at break of 95.2%. The physical properties of PHB/PHA films were modified by the addition of 1-10 wt% of grape seeds lignin (GS-L). GS-L lignin showed a high antioxidant capacity: 238 milligrams of Trolox equivalents were equal to one gram of grape seeds lignin. The incorporation of grape seeds lignin into PHB/PHA films positively influenced their gas barrier properties, antioxidant activity and biodegradability. The values of oxygen and carbon dioxide transition rate of PHB/PHA with 1 wt% of GS-L were 7.3 and 36.3 cm3 m-2 24 h 0.1 MPa, respectively. The inhibition percentage of the ABTS radical determined in PHB/PHA/GS-L was in the range of 29.2% to 100% depending on the lignin concentration. The biodegradability test carried out under controlled composting environment for 90 days showed that the PHB/PHA film with 50 w/w% of amorphous PHA reached the degradability degree of 68.8% being about 26.6% higher decomposition than in the case of neat high crystalline PHB film. The degradability degree of PHA films in compost within the tested period reflected the modification of the semi-crystalline character and varied with the incorporated lignin. From the toxicological point of view, the composts obtained after biodegradation of PHA films proved the non-toxicity of PHB/PHA/GS-L materials and its degradation products showed a positive effect on white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seeds germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Vostrejs
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology Purkynova 118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Dana Adamcová
- Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno Zemědělská 1 613 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Daria Vaverková
- Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno Zemědělská 1 613 00 Brno Czech Republic
- Institute of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW Nowoursynowska 159m 02 776 Warsaw Poland
| | - Vojtech Enev
- Department of Physical and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology Purkynova 118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kalina
- Department of Physical and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology Purkynova 118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Michal Machovsky
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín Třída Tomáše Bati 5678 760 01 Zlin Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Šourková
- Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno Zemědělská 1 613 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Marova
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology Purkynova 118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Kovalcik
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology Purkynova 118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
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Knez Ž, Hrnčič MK, Čolnik M, Škerget M. Chemicals and value added compounds from biomass using sub- and supercritical water. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Yedro FM, García-Serna J, Cantero DA, Sobrón F, Cocero MJ. Hydrothermal fractionation of grape seeds in subcritical water to produce oil extract, sugars and lignin. Catal Today 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2014.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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