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Walencik PK, Choińska R, Gołębiewska E, Kalinowska M. Metal-Flavonoid Interactions-From Simple Complexes to Advanced Systems. Molecules 2024; 29:2573. [PMID: 38893449 PMCID: PMC11173564 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
For many years, metal-flavonoid complexes have been widely studied as a part of drug discovery programs, but in the last decade their importance in materials science has increased significantly. A deeper understanding of the role of metal ions and flavonoids in constructing simple complexes and more advanced hybrid networks will facilitate the assembly of materials with tailored architecture and functionality. In this Review, we highlight the most essential data on metal-flavonoid systems, presenting a promising alternative in the design of hybrid inorganic-organic materials. We focus mainly on systems containing CuII/I and FeIII/II ions, which are necessary in natural and industrial catalysis. We discuss two kinds of interactions that typically ensure the formation of metal-flavonoid systems, namely coordination and redox reactions. Our intention is to cover the fundamentals of metal-flavonoid systems to show how this knowledge has been already transferred from small molecules to complex materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Katarzyna Walencik
- Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Renata Choińska
- Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Gołębiewska
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Monika Kalinowska
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland;
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2
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EGF-conjugated bio-safe luteolin gold nanoparticles induce cellular toxicity and cell death mediated by site-specific rapid uptake in human triple negative breast cancer cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Rodríguez-Arce E, Saldías M. Antioxidant properties of flavonoid metal complexes and their potential inclusion in the development of novel strategies for the treatment against neurodegenerative diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112236. [PMID: 34649360 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased oxidative stress in the acceleration of the aging process and development of the neuronal disorder are the common feature detected in neurodegenerative illness, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Searching for new treatment against these diseases, the inclusion of exogenous antioxidant agents has shown good results. Flavonoids are polyphenols compounds present in plants, fruits and vegetables that exhibit potent antioxidant and biological properties, which are related to their chemical structure that to confer an excellent radical scavenging ability. The design of metal-flavonoid complexes allows to obtain compounds with improved biological and physicochemical properties, generating important increase of the flavonoid antioxidant properties. This evidence we motive to propose that antioxidant properties of the metal flavonoids compounds can play an important role in the design of potential novel therapeutic strategies. This review presents the structure-activity relationship on the antioxidant properties of three series of metal-flavonoid complexes: M-(quercetin), M-(morin), and M-(rutin). In general, we observed that the coordination sites, the metal ion type used, and the molar ratio metal:flavonoid present in the complexes, are important factors for to increase the antioxidant activity. On these evidences we motive to propose that the development of metal-flavonoid compounds is a potentially viable approach for combating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Rodríguez-Arce
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 233, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Marianela Saldías
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Central de Chile, Toesca 1783, Santiago, Chile.
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Chirug L, Eran Nagar E, Okun Z, Shpigelman A. Effect of flavonoid structure and pH on iron-mediated pectin interaction. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Malacaria L, Corrente GA, Beneduci A, Furia E, Marino T, Mazzone G. A Review on Coordination Properties of Al(III) and Fe(III) toward Natural Antioxidant Molecules: Experimental and Theoretical Insights. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092603. [PMID: 33946938 PMCID: PMC8124610 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the ability of some natural antioxidant molecules (i.e., hydroxycinnamic acids, coumarin-3-carboxylic acid, quercetin, luteolin and curcumin) to form Al(III)- and Fe(III)-complexes with the aim of evaluating the coordination properties from a combined experimental and theoretical point of view. Despite the contributions of previous studies on the chemical properties and biological activity of these metal complexes involving such natural antioxidants, further detailed relationships between the structure and properties are still required. In this context, the investigation on the coordination properties of Al(III) and Fe(III) toward these natural antioxidant molecules might deserve high interest to design water soluble molecule-based metal carriers that can improve the metal’s intake and/or its removal in living organisms.
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Characterization and Quantification of Luteolin-Metal Complexes in Aqueous Extract of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Huangshan Wild Chrysanthemum. Int J Anal Chem 2021; 2021:6677437. [PMID: 33777144 PMCID: PMC7979300 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6677437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin is a flavonoid compound widely found in vegetables, fruits, and medicinal plants. In this study, the reaction conditions for luteolin and five metal ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Fe3+, and Cu2+) to form complexes in hot water were optimized, which was at a molar ratio of 1 : 1 for luteolin and metal ions at 90°C in a volume of 20 mL for 2 h, and the ability of luteolin to form complexes with Cu2+ was the strongest. The DPPH scavenging test showed that luteolin exerted a dose-dependent effect on the clearance of free radicals; luteolin-Cu2+ complexes and luteolin-Fe3+ complexes accentuated the clearance of free radicals. Furthermore, we used high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to analyze luteolin in samples from two medicinal plants, obtained from the dissolution of aqueous extracts in two different solvents. The results showed that the peak areas for luteolin in the samples dissolved in 20% formic acid-methanol were significantly larger than those from the samples dissolved in methanol alone, with increases in the peak area being 135.6% (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos), and 161.16% (Huangshan wild chrysanthemum). The aforementioned results indicate that complexes formed from organic compounds and metal ions are present in the decoction of a plant.
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Zheng K, Xiong Y, Li Z, Peng L, Guo Q, Li X, Deng X. ESI-TOF MS analysis and DNA cleavage activity of complexes formed by luteolin and five metal ions in hot water. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2020.1737820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Zheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yunhao Xiong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qianhui Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuezhen Deng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
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Tabrizi L, Dao DQ, Vu TA. Experimental and theoretical evaluation on the antioxidant activity of a copper(ii) complex based on lidocaine and ibuprofen amide-phenanthroline agents. RSC Adv 2019; 9:3320-3335. [PMID: 35518981 PMCID: PMC9060296 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09763a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new copper(ii) complex, [Cu(LC)(Ibu-phen)(H2O)2](ClO4)2 (LC: lidocaine, Ibu-phen: ibuprofen amide-phenanthroline), was synthesized and characterized. The antioxidant activities of the free ligands and the copper(ii) complex were evaluated by in vitro experiments and theoretical calculations using density functional theory (DFT). Structures of the ligand Ibu-phen and the complex were identified by 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR spectroscopies, mass spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis and elemental analysis. The antioxidant potentials of LC and Ibu-phen ligands as well as copper(ii) complex were also evaluated by DPPH˙, ABTS˙+, HO˙ essays and EPR spectroscopy. The experimental results show that the radical scavenging activity (RSA) at various concentrations is decreased in the following order: copper(ii) complex > ascorbic acid > LC > Ibu-phen. Structural and electronic properties of the studied compounds were also analyzed by DFT approach at the M05-2X/6-311++g(2df,2p)//M05-2X/LanL2DZ level of theory. ESP maps and NPA charge distributions show that the highly negative charge regions found on the N and O heteroatoms make these sites more favorable to bind with the central copper ion. Frontier orbital distributions of copper(ii) complex indicate that HOMOs are mainly localized at Ibu-phen, while its LUMOs are distributed at LC. Based on natural bond orbitals (NBO) analyses, Cu(ii) ion plays as electron acceptor in binding with the two ligands and two water molecules. Thermochemical properties including bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), ionization energy (IE), electron affinity (EA), proton affinity (PA) characterizing three common antioxidant mechanisms i.e. hydrogen transfer (HT), single electron transfer (SET) and proton loss (PL) were finally calculated in the gas phase and water solvent for two ligands and the copper(ii) complex at the same level of theory. As a result, the higher EA and lower BDE and PA values obtained for copper(ii) complex show that the complex shows higher antioxidant potential than the free ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Tabrizi
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway University Road Galway H91 TK33 Ireland
| | - Duy Quang Dao
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University 03 Quang Trung Da Nang 550000 Viet Nam
| | - Thuy An Vu
- Faculty of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University 03 Quang Trung Da Nang 550000 Viet Nam
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Zhang J, Chen C, Fu X. Fructus mori L. polysaccharide-iron chelates formed by self-embedding with iron(iii) as the core exhibit good antioxidant activity. Food Funct 2019; 10:3150-3160. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00540d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mulberry fruit polysaccharide (MFP) was obtained from Morus alba L. by a hot water extraction method, and mulberry polysaccharide fractions named MFP1, MFP2 and MFP3 were isolated by DEAE cellulose-52 column chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Chun Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety
| | - Xiong Fu
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety
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10
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Genistein Binding to Copper(II)-Solvent Dependence and Effects on Radical Scavenging. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101757. [PMID: 29057848 PMCID: PMC6151749 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein, but not daidzein, binds to copper(II) with a 1:2 stoichiometry in ethanol and with a 1:1 stoichiometry in methanol, indicating chelation by the 5-phenol and the 4-keto group of the isoflavonoid as demonstrated by the Jobs method and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. In ethanol, the stability constants had the value 1.12 × 1011 L²∙mol-2 for the 1:2 complex and in methanol 6.0 × 10⁵ L∙mol-1 for the 1:1 complex at 25 °C. Binding was not detected in water, as confirmed by an upper limit for the 1:1 stability constant of K = 5 mol-1 L as calculated from the difference in solvation free energy of copper(II) between methanol and the more polar water. Solvent molecules compete with genistein as demonstrated in methanol where binding stoichiometry changes from 1:2 to 1:1 compared to ethanol and methanol/chloroform (7/3, v/v). Genistein binding to copper(II) increases the scavenging rate of the stable, neutral 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical by more than a factor of four, while only small effects were seen for the short-lived but more oxidizing β-carotene radical cation using laser flash photolysis. The increased efficiency of coordinated genistein is concluded to depend on kinetic rather than on thermodynamic factors, as confirmed by the small change in reduction potential of -0.016 V detected by cyclic voltammetry upon binding of genistein to copper(II) in methanol/chloroform solutions.
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Samsonowicz M, Regulska E, Kalinowska M. Hydroxyflavone metal complexes - molecular structure, antioxidant activity and biological effects. Chem Biol Interact 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Samsonowicz M, Regulska E. Spectroscopic study of molecular structure, antioxidant activity and biological effects of metal hydroxyflavonol complexes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 173:757-771. [PMID: 27792987 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Flavonols with varied hydroxyl substitution can act as strong antioxidants. Thanks to their ability to chelate metals as well as to donate hydrogen atoms they have capacity to scavenge free radicals. Their metal complexes are often more active in comparison with free ligands. They exhibit interesting biological properties, e.g. anticancer, antiphlogistic and antibacterial. The relationship between molecular structure and their biological properties was intensively studied using spectroscopic methods (UV-Vis, IR, Raman, NMR, ESI-MS). The aim of this paper is review on spectroscopic analyses of molecular structure and biological activity of hydroxyflavonol metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Samsonowicz
- Bialystok University of Technology, Division of Chemistry, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Regulska
- Bialystok University of Technology, Division of Chemistry, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
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Naso LG, Lezama L, Valcarcel M, Salado C, Villacé P, Kortazar D, Ferrer EG, Williams PAM. Bovine serum albumin binding, antioxidant and anticancer properties of an oxidovanadium(IV) complex with luteolin. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 157:80-93. [PMID: 26828287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy using metal coordination compounds for cancer treatment is the work of the ongoing research. Continuing our research on the improvement of the anticancer activity of natural flavonoids by metal complexation, a coordination compound of the natural antioxidant flavone luteolin (lut) and the oxidovanadium(IV) cation has been synthesized and characterized. Using different physicochemical measurements some structural aspects of [VO(lut)(H2O)2]Na·3H2O (VOlut) were determined. The metal coordinated to two cis-deprotonated oxygen atoms (ArO(-)) of the ligand and two H2O molecules. Magnetic measurements in solid state indicated the presence of an effective exchange pathway between adjacent vanadium ions. VOlut improved the antioxidant capacity of luteolin only against hydroxyl radical. The antitumoral effects were evaluated on MDAMB231 breast cancer and A549 lung cancer cell lines. VOlut exhibited higher viability inhibition (IC50=17 μM) than the ligand on MDAMB231 cells but they have the same behavior on A549 cells (ca. IC50=60 μM). At least oxidative stress processes were active during cancer cell-killing. When metals chelated through the carbonyl group and one adjacent OH group of the flavonoid an effective improvement of the biological properties has been observed. In VOlut the different coordination may be the cause of the small improvement of some of the tested properties of the flavonoid. Luteolin and VOlut could be distributed and transported in vivo. Luteolin interacted in the microenvironment of the tryptophan group of the serum binding protein, BSA, by means of electrostatic forces and its complex bind the protein by H bonding and van der Waals interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana G Naso
- Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR, CONICET, UNLP), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115-C.C.962-(B1900AVV), 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Luis Lezama
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; BCMaterials, Parque científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 500-1, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - María Valcarcel
- Innoprot SL, Parque científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 502-P1, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Clarisa Salado
- Innoprot SL, Parque científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 502-P1, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Patricia Villacé
- Innoprot SL, Parque científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 502-P1, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Danel Kortazar
- Innoprot SL, Parque científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 502-P1, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Evelina G Ferrer
- Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR, CONICET, UNLP), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115-C.C.962-(B1900AVV), 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Patricia A M Williams
- Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR, CONICET, UNLP), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115-C.C.962-(B1900AVV), 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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Kubicova L, Hadacek F, Weckwerth W, Chobot V. Effects of endogenous neurotoxin quinolinic acid on reactive oxygen species production by Fenton reaction catalyzed by iron or copper. J Organomet Chem 2015; 782:111-115. [PMID: 25892824 PMCID: PMC4396856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The tryptophan metabolite, quinolinic (2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic) acid, is known as an endogenous neurotoxin. Quinolinic acid can form coordination complexes with iron or copper. The effects of quinolinic acid on reactive oxygen species production in the presence of iron or copper were explored by a combination of chemical assays, classical site-specific and ascorbic acid-free variants of the deoxyribose degradation assay, and mass spectrometry (ESI–MS). Quinolinic acid showed evident antioxidant activity in chemical assays, but the effect was more pronounced in the presence of copper as transition metal catalyst than in presence of iron. Nano-ESI–MS confirmed the ability of quinolinic acid to form coordination complexes with iron(II) or copper(II) and quinolinic acid stability against oxidative attack by hydroxyl radicals. The results illustrate a highly milieu-dependent quinolinic acid chemistry when it enters reactions as competitive ligand. Quinolinic acid is considered as a neurotoxin but it can also act as an antioxidant. MS proves quinolinic acid's ability to form coordination complexes with Fe or Cu. Quinolinic acid showed a relative robustness when under oxidative attack. Quinolinic acid can protect cells suffering from the elevated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Kubicova
- Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Franz Hadacek
- Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Vladimir Chobot
- Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna A-1090, Austria
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15
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Kasprzak MM, Erxleben A, Ochocki J. Properties and applications of flavonoid metal complexes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05069c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoid metal complexes have a wide spectrum of activities as well as potential and actual applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Kasprzak
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry
- Medical University of Lodz
- Lodz
- Poland
| | - Andrea Erxleben
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland
- Galway
- Ireland
| | - Justyn Ochocki
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry
- Medical University of Lodz
- Lodz
- Poland
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