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Hercan Mammad M, Gülfen M, Olgun U, Özdemir A. Synthesis, spectroscopy, band gap energy and electrical conductivity of poly(dopamine-co-aniline) copolymer. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 308:123712. [PMID: 38042126 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Copolymerization is used to improve the solubility and processability of polymers and copolymers includes the individual properties of homopolymer. In this study, the poly(dopamine-co-aniline) (poly(DA-co-ANI) copolymer was synthesized and the UV-vis. absorption, optical band gap energy, fluorescence, FT-IR, SEM-EDS, MALDI-TOF-MS, XRD and electrical conductivity have been investigated. The obtained results for the poly(DA-co-ANI) copolymer were compared with the PDA and PANI homopolymers. It was observed that the poly(DA-co-ANI copolymer is soluble easily in NMP and DMF solvents. The optical band gap energy of the poly(DA-co-ANI) copolymer film were calculated. as 1.00 eV with favorable indirect transition. The poly(DA-co-ANI) copolymer showed the FL emission maximum bands at 390 and 533 nm wavelengths. It was observed from the SEM images that the poly(DA-co-ANI) has 0-1500 nm crystalline rectangular particles prepared in acidic media and 0-600 nm amorphous particles prepared in basic media. The electrical conductivity of the poly(DA-co-ANI) was 1.35 × 10-6 S/cm. In the MALDI-TOF-MS measurements, the number-average molecular weight of the copolymer was found as 2628 Da with a distribution up to 5500 Da. The poly(DA-co-ANI) copolymer, soluble in NMP and DMF solvents and with a low optical band gap energy can be utilized as optical, fluorescent, and semi-conductive material in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Hercan Mammad
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Sciences, Sakarya University, 54187, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Gülfen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Sakarya University, 54187 Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey; Polymer Materials and Technologies Research Application Center, Sargem Research-Development and Application Center, Sakarya University, 54187 Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Uğursoy Olgun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Sakarya University, 54187 Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey; Polymer Materials and Technologies Research Application Center, Sargem Research-Development and Application Center, Sakarya University, 54187 Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Abdil Özdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Sakarya University, 54187 Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey
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2
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Shibu A, Jones S, Tolley PL, Diaz D, Kwiatkowski CO, Jones DS, Shivas JM, Foley JJ, Schmedake TA, Walter MG. Correlating structure and photophysical properties in thiazolo[5,4- d]thiazole crystal derivatives for use in solid-state photonic and fluorescence-based optical devices. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 4:6321-6332. [PMID: 38021465 PMCID: PMC10680346 DOI: 10.1039/d3ma00686g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing demand for new fluorescent small molecule dyes for solid state applications in the photonics and optoelectronics industry. Thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (TTz) is an organic heterocycle moiety which has previously shown remarkable properties as a conjugated polymer and in solution-based studies. For TTz-based small molecules to be incorporated in solid-state fluorescence-based optical devices, a thorough elucidation of their structure-photophysical properties needs to be established. Herein, we have studied four TTz-based materials functionalized with alkyl appendages of varying carbon chain lengths. We report the single crystal structures of the TTz derivatives, three of which were previously unknown. The packing modes of the crystals reveal that molecular arrangements are largely governed by a chorus of synergistic intermolecular non-covalent interactions. Three crystals packed in herringbone mode and one crystal packed in slipped stacks proving that alkyl appendages modulate structural organization in TTz-based materials. Steady state and time-resolved photophysical properties of these crystals were studied via diffuse-reflectance, micro-Raman, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The crystals fluoresce from orange-red to blue spanning through the whole gamut of the visible spectrum. We have established that photophysical properties are a function of crystal packing in symmetrically substituted TTz-based materials. This correlation was then utilized to fabricate crystalline blends. We demonstrate, for the first time, that symmetrically substituted donor-acceptor-donor TTz-based materials can be used for phosphor-converted color-tuning and white-light emission. Given the cost effectiveness, ease of synthesis and now a structure-photophysics correlation, we present a compelling case for the adoption of TTz-based materials in solid-state photonic and fluorescence-based optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Shibu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - Sean Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - P Lane Tolley
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - David Diaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - Carly O Kwiatkowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - Daniel S Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - Jessica M Shivas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - Jonathan J Foley
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - Thomas A Schmedake
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - Michael G Walter
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
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3
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Olgun U, Gülfen M, Zeki Yıldız S. Synthesis, characterization and band gap energy of new water soluble fluorescent diethanolamine-boron-subphthalocyanine dye using B nanoparticles and SiB6 microparticles. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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4
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Zhang F, Li X, Dong X, Hao H, Lang X. Thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole-based covalent organic framework microspheres for blue light photocatalytic selective oxidation of amines with O2. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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5
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Hagspiel S, Fantuzzi F, Arrowsmith M, Gärtner A, Fest M, Weiser J, Engels B, Helten H, Braunschweig H. Modulation of the Naked‐Eye and Fluorescence Color of a Protonated Boron‐Doped Thiazolothiazole by Anion‐Dependent Hydrogen Bonding. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201398. [PMID: 35652449 PMCID: PMC9541717 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of a cyclic alkyl(amino)carbene (CAAC)‐stabilized thiazaborolo[5,4‐d]thiazaborole (TzbTzb) with strong Brønsted acids, such as HCl, HOTf (Tf=O2SCF3) and [H(OEt2)2][BArF4] (ArF=3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3), results in the protonation of both TzbTzb nitrogen atoms. In each case X‐ray crystallographic data show coordination of the counteranions (Cl−, OTf−, BArF4−) or solvent molecules (OEt2) to the doubly protonated fused heterocycle via hydrogen‐bonding interactions, the strength of which strongly influences the 1H NMR shift of the NH protons, enabling tuning of both the visible (yellow to red) and fluorescence (green to red) colors of these salts. DFT calculations reveal that the hydrogen bonding of the counteranion or solvent to the protonated nitrogen centers affects the intramolecular TzbTzb‐to‐CAAC charge transfer character involved in the S0→S1 transition, ultimately enabling fine‐tuning of their absorption and emission spectral features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Hagspiel
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Emil-Fischer-Str. 42 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Current address: School of Physical Sciences Ingram Building University of Kent Park Wood Rd CT2 7NH Canterbury UK
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Annalena Gärtner
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Maximilian Fest
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jonas Weiser
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Emil-Fischer-Str. 42 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Helten
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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Olgun U, Dikmen Z, Çetin H, Arıcan F, Gülfen M. Synthesis, optical dye properties and band gap energies of silver hydroxy-aryl thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole complexes. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Karpagam S, Anupriya P, Supraja N. Effects of chemical dopants on the luminescence, bandgap and electrochemical conductivity of the thiophene-based benzothiadiazole-conjugated polymers. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-04050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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8
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Sarıarslan H, Karaca E, Şahin M, Pekmez NÖ. Electrochemical synthesis and corrosion protection of poly(3-aminophenylboronic acid- co-pyrrole) on mild steel. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38548-38560. [PMID: 35517519 PMCID: PMC9057268 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07311c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of poly(3-aminophenylboronic acid-co-pyrrole) (p(APBA-co-Py)) is carried out potentiodynamically on a pre-passivated mild steel (MS) surface in an oxalic acid solution containing 3-aminophenylboronic acid (APBA) and pyrrole (Py) monomers. The monomer feed ratio was determined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and adhesion tests. The p(APBA-co-Py) coating is characterized by electrochemically and spectroscopically comparing with poly(3-aminophenylboronic acid) (p(APBA) and polypyrrole (p(Py) homopolymers. SERS, FTIR, XPS, scanning electron microscopy-wavelength dispersive X-ray and- energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results indicate the presence of both APBA and Py segments in the p(APBA-co-Py) backbone. The protective properties of the coating are investigated by Tafel and EIS measurements in a 0.50 M HCl solution. The corrosion resistance of p(APBA-co-Py)-coated MS (66.8 Ω cm2) is higher than that of p(APBA)- and p(Py)-coated, passivated, and uncoated MS. The p(APBA-co-Py) coating embodies the advantageous features of both homopolymers. Py units in p(APBA-co-Py) chains improve the protective property while APBA units carrying the –B(OH)2 group develop the adhesive property of the layer. EIS results show that the p(APBA-co-Py) coating, due to its homogeneous and compact distribution and the formation of a stable interface, enhanced corrosion resistance of MS by 87.4% for 10 hours in HCl corrosive medium. Synthesis of poly(3-aminophenylboronic acid-co-pyrrole) (p(APBA-co-Py)) is carried out potentiodynamically on a pre-passivated mild steel (MS) surface in an oxalic acid solution containing 3-aminophenylboronic acid (APBA) and pyrrole (Py) monomers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Sarıarslan
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Erhan Karaca
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Mutlu Şahin
- Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Yıldız Technical University Istanbul Turkey
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9
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Biswal BP, Vignolo-González HA, Banerjee T, Grunenberg L, Savasci G, Gottschling K, Nuss J, Ochsenfeld C, Lotsch BV. Sustained Solar H 2 Evolution from a Thiazolo[5,4- d]thiazole-Bridged Covalent Organic Framework and Nickel-Thiolate Cluster in Water. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11082-11092. [PMID: 31260279 PMCID: PMC6646957 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Solar hydrogen (H2) evolution
from water utilizing covalent
organic frameworks (COFs) as heterogeneous photosensitizers has gathered
significant momentum by virtue of the COFs’ predictive structural
design, long-range ordering, tunable porosity, and excellent light-harvesting
ability. However, most photocatalytic systems involve rare and expensive
platinum as the co-catalyst for water reduction, which appears to
be the bottleneck in the development of economical and environmentally
benign solar H2 production systems. Herein, we report a
simple, efficient, and low-cost all-in-one photocatalytic H2 evolution system composed of a thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole-linked
COF (TpDTz) as the photoabsorber and an earth-abundant,
noble-metal-free nickel-thiolate hexameric cluster co-catalyst assembled in situ in water, together with triethanolamine (TEoA)
as the sacrificial electron donor. The high crystallinity, porosity,
photochemical stability, and light absorption ability of the TpDTz COF enables excellent long-term H2 production
over 70 h with a maximum rate of 941 μmol h–1 g–1, turnover number TONNi > 103,
and
total projected TONNi > 443 until complete catalyst
depletion.
The high H2 evolution rate and TON, coupled with long-term
photocatalytic operation of this hybrid system in water, surpass those
of many previously known organic dyes, carbon nitride, and COF-sensitized
photocatalytic H2O reduction systems. Furthermore, we gather
unique insights into the reaction mechanism, enabled by a specifically
designed continuous-flow system for non-invasive, direct H2 production rate monitoring, providing higher accuracy in quantification
compared to the existing batch measurement methods. Overall, the results
presented here open the door toward the rational design of robust
and efficient earth-abundant COF–molecular co-catalyst hybrid
systems for sustainable solar H2 production in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu P Biswal
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstraße 1 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Hugo A Vignolo-González
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstraße 1 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany.,Department of Chemistry , University of Munich (LMU) , Butenandtstraße 5-13 , 81377 München , Germany
| | - Tanmay Banerjee
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstraße 1 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Lars Grunenberg
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstraße 1 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany.,Department of Chemistry , University of Munich (LMU) , Butenandtstraße 5-13 , 81377 München , Germany
| | - Gökcen Savasci
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstraße 1 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany.,Department of Chemistry , University of Munich (LMU) , Butenandtstraße 5-13 , 81377 München , Germany
| | - Kerstin Gottschling
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstraße 1 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany.,Department of Chemistry , University of Munich (LMU) , Butenandtstraße 5-13 , 81377 München , Germany
| | - Jürgen Nuss
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstraße 1 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Christian Ochsenfeld
- Department of Chemistry , University of Munich (LMU) , Butenandtstraße 5-13 , 81377 München , Germany.,Center for Nanoscience , Schellingstraße 4 , 80799 München , Germany
| | - Bettina V Lotsch
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstraße 1 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany.,Department of Chemistry , University of Munich (LMU) , Butenandtstraße 5-13 , 81377 München , Germany.,Center for Nanoscience , Schellingstraße 4 , 80799 München , Germany.,Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) , Schellingstraße 4 , 80799 München , Germany
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10
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Single-layer solar cell based on nanostructure of polyaniline on fluorine-doped tin oxide: a simple, low-cost and efficient FTO│n-PANI│Al cell. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-018-1294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Sathiyan G, Thangamuthu R, Sakthivel P. Synthesis of carbazole-based copolymers containing carbazole-thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole groups with different dopants and their fluorescence and electrical conductivity applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08888k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrical conductivity of poly(carbazole-thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole) was measured with the introduction of five different dopants (HCl, Fe(iii), Cu(ii), H3BO3, and I2) into its framework through protonation of a nitrogen atom or complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindasamy Sathiyan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- VIT University
- Vellore
- India-632 014
| | - Rangasamy Thangamuthu
- Electrochemical Materials Science Division
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute
- Karaikudi-630 003
- India
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12
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Olgun U, Gülfen M. Low-band gap and fluorescent poly(triphenylamine-thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole) copolymer dye. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16152a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization and spectroscopy of a new fluorescent poly(triphenylamine-thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole) dye with low band gap energy have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Olgun
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences
- Sakarya University
- Sakarya
- Turkey
| | - M. Gülfen
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences
- Sakarya University
- Sakarya
- Turkey
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