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Habibi S, Bautista MA, Bryant SL, Shor RJ, Natale G. A novel synthesis method of magnetic Janus particles for wastewater applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 669:952-964. [PMID: 38759594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Magnetic particles are widely used in many adsorption and removal processes. Among the many types of magnetic colloids, magnetic Janus particles offer significant possibilities for the effective removal of several components from aqueous solutions. Nevertheless, the synthesis of structures integrating different types of materials requires scalable fabrication processes to overcome the limitations of the available methodologies. Herein, we hypothesized a fabrication process for dual-surface functionalized magnetic Janus particles. EXPERIMENTS The primary silica particles with surface-attached amine groups are further asymmetrically modified by iron oxide nanoparticles, exploiting Pickering emulsion and electroless deposition techniques. The dual surface functionality of the particles is designed for its versatility and demonstrated in two wastewater-related applications. FINDINGS We show that our design can simultaneously remove chromium (VI) and phenol from aqueous solution. The fabricated magnetic-responsive Janus particles are also an effective adsorbent for genomic Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and show superior performance to commercial magnetic beads. Thus, this study provides a novel platform for designing magnetic Janus particles with multifunctional surfaces for wastewater treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samin Habibi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Maria A Bautista
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Steven L Bryant
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Roman J Shor
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Giovanniantonio Natale
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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2
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Tang X, Chang X, Zhang S, Li X, Wang S, Meng F. Self-assembly and magnetorheological performance of Fe3O4-based liquid-crystalline composites. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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3
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Wang Y, Zhao P, Zhang S, Zhu K, Shangguan X, Liu L, Zhang S. Application of Janus Particles in Point-of-Care Testing. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090689. [PMID: 36140074 PMCID: PMC9496037 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Janus particles (JPs), named after the two-faced Roman god, are asymmetric particles with different chemical properties or polarities. JPs have been widely used in the biomedical field in recent years, including as drug carriers for targeted controlled drug release and as biosensors for biological imaging and biomarker detection, which is crucial in the early detection and treatment of diseases. In this review, we highlight the most recent advancements made with regard to Janus particles in point-of-care testing (POCT). Firstly, we introduce several commonly used methods for preparing Janus particles. Secondly, we present biomarker detection using JPs based on various detection methods to achieve the goal of POCT. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for developing Janus particles in POCT. This review will facilitate the development of POCT biosensing devices based on the unique properties of Janus particles.
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Yuan S, Wang J, Xiang Y, Zheng S, Wu Y, Liu J, Zhu X, Zhang Y. Shedding Light on Luminescent Janus Nanoparticles: From Synthesis to Photoluminescence and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200020. [PMID: 35429137 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent Janus nanoparticles refer to a special category of Janus-based nanomaterials that not only exhibit dual-asymmetric surface nature but also attractive optical properties. The introduction of luminescence has endowed conventional Janus nanoparticles with many alluring light-responsive functionalities and broadens their applications in imaging, sensing, nanomotors, photo-based therapy, etc. The past few decades have witnessed significant achievements in this field. This review first summarizes well-established strategies to design and prepare luminescent Janus nanoparticles and then discusses optical properties of luminescent Janus nanoparticles based on downconversion and upconversion photoluminescence mechanisms. Various emerging applications of luminescent Janus nanoparticles are also introduced. Finally, opportunities and future challenges are highlighted with respect to the development of next-generation luminescent Janus nanoparticles with diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yuan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yi Xiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Shanshan Zheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yihan Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
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5
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Fan X, Walther A. 1D Colloidal chains: recent progress from formation to emergent properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4023-4074. [PMID: 35502721 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00112h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Integrating nanoscale building blocks of low dimensionality (0D; i.e., spheres) into higher dimensional structures endows them and their corresponding materials with emergent properties non-existent or only weakly existent in the individual building blocks. Constructing 1D chains, 2D arrays and 3D superlattices using nanoparticles and colloids therefore continues to be one of the grand goals in colloid and nanomaterial science. Amongst these higher order structures, 1D colloidal chains are of particular interest, as they possess unique anisotropic properties. In recent years, the most relevant advances in 1D colloidal chain research have been made in novel synthetic methodologies and applications. In this review, we first address a comprehensive description of the research progress concerning various synthetic strategies developed to construct 1D colloidal chains. Following this, we highlight the amplified and emergent properties of the resulting materials, originating from the assembly of the individual building blocks and their collective behavior, and discuss relevant applications in advanced materials. In the discussion of synthetic strategies, properties, and applications, particular attention will be paid to overarching concepts, fresh trends, and potential areas of future research. We believe that this comprehensive review will be a driver to guide the interdisciplinary field of 1D colloidal chains, where nanomaterial synthesis, self-assembly, physical property studies, and material applications meet, to a higher level, and open up new research opportunities at the interface of classical disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Fan
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Walther
- A3BMS Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Cui Y, Wang Y, Wu J, He X, Xuan S, Gong X. Magneto-thermochromic coupling Janus sphere for dual response display. RSC Adv 2019; 9:17959-17966. [PMID: 35520571 PMCID: PMC9064662 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02892g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This work demonstrates a simple microfluidic device to synthesize a magneto-thermochromic sphere with Janus inner structure. The Janus sphere is composed of Fe3O4 microspheres, thermochromic particles, and polyacrylamide matrix. Because the Fe3O4 microspheres are assembled together in one pole, the Janus sphere can turn around by varying the direction of the external magnetic field. Originating from the temperature-dependent property of the thermochromic particles, the final Janus sphere can change its color from red to pale blue when the temperature is increased from 5 to 45 °C. The detailed formation process and the magneto-thermochromic mechanism are carefully investigated. Due to the magnetic switch and thermochromism, these Janus spheres can be applied as colorful displays by controlling the magnetic field and temperature. The results demonstrate that the dual responsive Janus spheres possess broad application potential in temperature sensors and displays. This work demonstrates a simple microfluidic device to synthesize a magneto-thermochromic sphere with Janus inner structure.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials
- Department of Modern Mechanics
- CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials
- Department of Modern Mechanics
- CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Jie Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials
- Department of Modern Mechanics
- CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Xiaokang He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials
- Department of Modern Mechanics
- CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Shouhu Xuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials
- Department of Modern Mechanics
- CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Xinglong Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials
- Department of Modern Mechanics
- CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
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Liu Y, Jia J, Li YV, Hao J, Pan K. Novel ZnO/NiO Janus-like nanofibers for effective photocatalytic degradation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:435704. [PMID: 30102242 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aad9c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, Janus materials have become a research hotspot in the field of materials science; however, fabricating inorganic Janus-like nanofibers (NFs) is still a challenge. Herein, we report novel ZnO/NiO Janus-like NFs with efficient photocatalytic performance via an electrospinning method followed by calcination treatment. The morphology, structure, chemical composition and crystallinity of ZnO/NiO Janus-like NFs were studied in detail via SEM, TEM, HRTEM, EDS, FT-IR, XPS and XRD, indicating that the NFs had a perfect Janus-like structure composed of ZnO and NiO. A series of photocatalytic experiments were carried out in aqueous organic dye solutions under 365 nm UV radiation for 1 h, with the degradation rate of malachite green able to reach 96%, proving that the NFs have great potential in the field of organic dye degradation. Furthermore, a reasonable catalytic mechanism for the ZnO/NiO Janus-like NFs was proposed, which was discussed from the view of electron-hole pairs and p-n junctions. In short, the method in our work is expected to become a new way of effectively preparing functional inorganic Janus-like NFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
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8
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Zhang Z, Wang W, Lu Z, Liu K, Liu Q, Wang D. Facile fabrication of poly(glycidyl methacrylate)- b-polystyrene functional fibers under a shear field and immobilization of hemoglobin. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00198g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PGMA-b-PS fibers were fabricated under a shear field for immobilization of bovine hemoglobin which has potential applications in blood substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Textile University
- Wuhan 430073
- China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Textile University
- Wuhan 430073
- China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application
| | - Zhentan Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Textile University
- Wuhan 430073
- China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application
| | - Ke Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Textile University
- Wuhan 430073
- China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application
| | - Qiongzhen Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Textile University
- Wuhan 430073
- China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Textile University
- Wuhan 430073
- China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application
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10
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Yang Y, Liu Y, Cheng C, Shi H, Yang H, Yuan H, Ni C. Rational Design of GO-Modified Fe 3O 4/SiO 2 Nanoparticles with Combined Rhenium-188 and Gambogic Acid for Magnetic Target Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:28195-28208. [PMID: 28793762 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Peanutlike magnetic-fluorescent Fe3O4/SiO2 nanoparticles, with an effective dynamic diameter of 180 nm, were synthesized via EuO+ doping and coupling of two Fe3O4 cores and reassembling through the solvothermal process. Spherical pure Fe3O4/SiO2 nanoparticles with an effective dynamic diameter of 230 nm were also prepared for comparison. We designed graphene oxide (GO)-modified core-shell Fe3O4/SiO2 nanoparticles as a nanocarrier for loading gambogic acid (GA) following labeling with radioisotope rhenium-188. We also performed GA loading and releasing on GA-loaded magnetic nanoparticles, in vivo biodistribution, and magnetic drug targeting therapy experiments. Results indicated that the GA-loaded magnetic nanoparticles demonstrate a clear pH-dependent drug release behavior, having a higher release rate in acidic environments. The in vivo biodistribution of the magnetic nanoparticles has morphologic dependency, and the peanutlike nanoparticles (PN-Fe3O4) tend to accumulate more in the spleen, lung, and liver than in the spherical nanoparticles (S-Fe3O4). The targeted therapy showed a higher efficacy of PN-Fe3O4 in inhibiting tumor cell growth than the nontargeted therapy. The polyethyleneimine (PEI) grafting of PN-Fe3O4 with amide bond was also designed to find an effective active targeting antitumor agent considering the fact that the PEI-GO conjugate has a higher GA load efficiency and the convergence effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Yicheng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Haowei Shi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Huan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hongming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chaoying Ni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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11
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Morphology evolution of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) colloids in the 1,1-diphenylethene controlled soap-free emulsion polymerization. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Zhang K, Li Q, Fan H, Li S, Su Y, Zhao L, Huang Y, Wang D, Zhang Z, Su Z, Ma G. Multi-layer dextran-decorated poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-co-divinyl benzene copolymer matrices enabling efficient protein chromatographic separation. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Tian L, Li X, Zhao P, Ali Z, Zhang Q. Fabrication of Liquid Protrusions on Non-Cross-Linked Colloidal Particles for Shape-Controlled Patchy Microparticles. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied
Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied
Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Panpan Zhao
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied
Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Zafar Ali
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied
Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied
Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
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14
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Chen Z, Liu L, Wu X, Yang R. Synthesis of Fe3O4/P(St-AA) nanoparticles for enhancement of stability of the immobilized lipases. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24476a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Core–shell Fe3O4/P(St-AA) nanoparticles were synthesized and employed as a magnetic carrier for lipase immobilization, and the properties of the immobilized lipase were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Chen
- College of Biochemical Engineering
- Anhui Polytechnic University
- Wuhu 241000
- PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
| | - Leilei Liu
- College of Biochemical Engineering
- Anhui Polytechnic University
- Wuhu 241000
- PR China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- College of Biochemical Engineering
- Anhui Polytechnic University
- Wuhu 241000
- PR China
| | - Renchun Yang
- College of Biochemical Engineering
- Anhui Polytechnic University
- Wuhu 241000
- PR China
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15
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Chaduc I, Parvole J, Doussineau T, Antoine R, Désert A, Dugas PY, Ravaine S, Duguet E, Bourgeat-Lami E, Lansalot M. Towards a one-step method for preparing silica/polymer heterodimers and dimpled polymer particles. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Piao SH, Kwon SH, Zhang WL, Choi HJ. Celebrating Soft Matter's 10th anniversary: stimuli-responsive Pickering emulsion polymerized smart fluids. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:646-654. [PMID: 25515644 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm02393e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Pickering emulsion process is an important and interesting way of forming hybrid soft matter particles stabilized by solid particles as surfactants instead of the extensive use of conventionally available organic surfactant molecules. This Highlight briefly reviews stimuli-responsive polymer/inorganic hybrid materials fabricated by Pickering emulsion polymerization along with the rheological characteristics of their electrorheological and magnetorheological smart fluids under electric and magnetic fields, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Hao Piao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea.
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17
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Ahn WJ, Jung HS, Choi HJ. Pickering emulsion polymerized smart magnetic poly(methyl methacrylate)/Fe2O3 composite particles and their stimulus-response. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra17025c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart polymer/inorganic composite magnetic particles were synthesized by Pickering emulsion polymerization using magnetic iron oxide (Fe2O3) particles as a solid stabilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jin Ahn
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Inha University
- Incheon
- Korea
| | - Hyo Seung Jung
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Inha University
- Incheon
- Korea
| | - Hyoung Jin Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Inha University
- Incheon
- Korea
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