Electroanalysis of Tricyclic Psychotropic Drugs using Modified Electrodes

Background:

Tricyclic psychotropic drugs are defined as a tricyclic rings of the dibenzazepine group with the presence of sulfur and nitrogen atoms. They have been prescribed for antidepressive therapy over the years. Due to their medical importance, many analytical methods have been developed for their monitoring. However, benefits of electrochemical techniques such as costeffectiveness, fast, easy operation and non-destructiveness make them appropriate analytical methods for drug assays. Electrochemical determinations of pharmaceuticals require suitable working electrodes. During years, many electrodes are modified by a variety of modifiers and several sensors were developed based on them. In this regard, nanomaterials, due to their remarkable properties, are one of the most important choices.

Objective:

Here, the application of electroanalytical methods in the determination of electroactive tricyclic psychotropic drugs will be reviewed and the nanomaterials which are used for improvements of the working electrodes will be considered.

Electrochemical Analysis of Antipsychotics

Introduction:

Schizophrenia is seizures accompanied by severe psychotic symptoms, and a steady state of continuation in the form of periods of stagnation. Antipsychotics are now the basis of treatment for schizophrenia and there is no other molecule that is antipsychotic priority in treatment. Antipsychotics can be classified into two groups; dopamine receptor antagonists such as promazine, fluphenazine etc. and serotonin-dopamine antagonists including risperidone, olanzapine, ziprasidone, aripiprazole etc.

Materials and Methods:

Electrochemical methods have been used for the determination of antipsychotic agent just as used in the determination of many drug agents. Nearly all of the antipsychotics are electroactive and can be analyzed by electrochemical methods. Electroanalytical methods offer generally high sensitivity, are compatible with modern techniques, have low cost, low requirements, and compact design. Among the most commonly used types, there are cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, square wave voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry.

Conclusion:

The aim of this review is to evaluate the main line and the advantages and uses of electroanalytical methods that employed for the determination of antipsychotic medication agents used in schizophrenia. Moreover, applications of the methods to pharmaceutical analysis of Antipsychotics upto- date is also summarized in a table.