Spectrophotometric, Spectrofluorometric and Colorimetric Sensing of Ce4+ Ions Using Organic Molecules - A Review

Cerium accumulation in the environment increases the health risk of humans due to the unavoidable usage of cerium in our day-to-day life. Therefore, developing a chemosensory scaffold for the rapid detection of cerium is necessary. With the objective of assessing and understanding the various factors involved in the sensing of Ce4+, this review consolidates all the 34 chemosensory molecules, mechanisms, techniques, matrices and discusses all the relevant parameters comprehensively. 23 out of 34 probes are directly utilizing the oxidative capability of Ce4+ for the detection and undergo color changes. Probes that are demonstrated with metal enhanced fluorescence exhibit lower detection limits. Based on the survey, we suggest that the investigation of the rigidity of "probe- Ce4+" and its impact on the emission/quenching should be considered for designing an efficient Ce4+ sensor. This is the first review report on the Ce4+ sensors and it could serve as a one-point reference source.

Oxidative cyclization of thiosemicarbazide: a chemodosimetric approach for the highly selective fluorescence detection of cerium(iv)

A simple thiosemicarbazide-based chemodosimeter was employed to detect Ce⁴⁺ ion through turn-on fluorescence.

A ratiometric lysosomal pH probe based on the imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine–rhodamine FRET and ICT system

A new pH-activatable ratiometric fluorescent probe (RhMP) has been developed based on FRET. This probe displayed good selectivity, and excellent reversibility. In addition, RhMP has low cytotoxicity and has been successfully applied in HeLa cells.

Rhodamine-based ratiometric fluorescent probes based on excitation energy transfer mechanisms: construction and applications in ratiometric sensing

Rhodamine is a convenient platform for the construction of “OFF–ON” ratiometric excitation energy transfer fluorescent probes.

A remarkable ratiometric fluorescent chemodosimeter for very rapid detection of hydrogen sulfide in the vapour phase and living cells

A ratiometric fluorescent probe having a fast response and a large Stokes shift detects SH⁻ both in solid and vapour phases and this probe is used for fluorescence imaging of SH⁻ in living cells.