1
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Singh A, Sonawane P, Kumar A, Singh H, Naumovich V, Pathak P, Grishina M, Khalilullah H, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Verma A, Kumar P. Challenges and Opportunities in the Crusade of BRAF Inhibitors: From 2002 to 2022. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27819-27844. [PMID: 37576670 PMCID: PMC10413849 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-Raf (BRAF; RAF = rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma) plays an important role in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade. Somatic mutations in the BRAF gene were first discovered in 2002 by Davies et al., which was a major breakthrough in cancer research. Subsequently, three different classes of BRAF mutants have been discovered. This class includes class I monomeric mutants (BRAFV600), class II BRAF homodimer mutants (non-V600), and class III BRAF heterodimers (non-V600). Cancers caused by these include melanoma, thyroid cancer, ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer, nonsmall cell lung cancer, and others. In this study, we have highlighted the major binding pockets in BRAF protein, their active and inactive conformations with inhibitors, and BRAF dimerization and its importance in paradoxical activation and BRAF mutation. We have discussed the first-, second-, and third-generation drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration and drugs under clinical trials with all four different binding approaches with DFG-IN/OUT and αC-IN/OUT for BRAF protein. We have investigated particular aspects and difficulties with all three generations of inhibitors. Finally, this study has also covered recent developments in synthetic BRAF inhibitors (from their discovery in 2002 to 2022), their unique properties, and importance in inhibiting BRAF mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit
Kumar Singh
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Pankaj Sonawane
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Harshwardhan Singh
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Vladislav Naumovich
- Laboratory
of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological
School, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454008, Russia
| | - Prateek Pathak
- Laboratory
of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological
School, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454008, Russia
| | - Maria Grishina
- Laboratory
of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological
School, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454008, Russia
| | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of
Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unayzah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health
Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and
Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core
Laboratories, King Abdullah University of
Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Amita Verma
- Bioorganic
and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of
Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
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2
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Radulović NS, Nikolić MG, Mladenović MZ, Ranđelović P, Stojanović NM, Stojanović‐Radić Z, Jovanović L. Antispasmodic and antimicrobial activities of pyrazole‐containing ferrocenyl alkanols versus their phenyl analogs, and the entry point to potential multitarget treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niko S. Radulović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics University of Niš Niš Serbia
| | - Milica G. Nikolić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics University of Niš Niš Serbia
| | - Marko Z. Mladenović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics University of Niš Niš Serbia
| | - Pavle Ranđelović
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Niš Niš Serbia
| | | | - Zorica Stojanović‐Radić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics University of Niš Niš Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Jovanović
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences University of Novi Sad Novi Sad Serbia
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3
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Mor S, Khatri M, Punia R, Sindhu S. Recent Progress on Anticancer Agents Incorporating Pyrazole Scaffold. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:115-163. [PMID: 33823764 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210325115218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The search of new anticancer agents is considered as a dynamic field of medicinal chemistry. In recent years, the synthesis of compounds with anticancer potential has increased and a large number of structurally varied compounds displaying potent anticancer activities have been published. Pyrazole is an important biologically active scaffold that possessed nearly all types of biological activities. The aim of this review is to collate literature work reported by researchers to provide an overview on in vivo and in vitro anticancer activities of pyrazole based derivatives among the diverse biological activities displayed by them and also presents recent efforts made on this heterocyclic moiety regarding anticancer activities. This review has been driven from the increasing number of publications, on this issue, which have been reported in the literature since the ending of the 20th century (from 1995-to date).
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Affiliation(s)
- Satbir Mor
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar-125001, Haryana. India
| | - Mohini Khatri
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar-125001, Haryana. India
| | - Ravinder Punia
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar-125001, Haryana. India
| | - Suchita Sindhu
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar-125001, Haryana. India
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4
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Sharma S, Singh V. Exploration of pyrazole based
aldo‐x
bifunctional building blocks for the synthesis of pyrazole annulated molecular architectures. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Sharma
- Department of Chemistry Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (NIT) Jalandhar India
| | - Virender Singh
- Department of Chemistry Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (NIT) Jalandhar India
- Department of Chemistry Central University of Punjab Bathinda India
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5
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Gudala S, Ambati SR, Patel JL, Vedula RR, Penta S. An Efficient Synthesis of Pyrazolyl‐1,2,3‐thiadiazoles
via
Hurd–Mori Reaction. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satish Gudala
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Raipur 492010 CG India
| | - Srinivasa Rao Ambati
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Raipur 492010 CG India
- Department of Research and DevelopmentMSN R&D Center Pashamylarram, Medak 502307 TS India
| | - Jeevan Lal Patel
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Raipur 492010 CG India
| | - Rajeswar Rao Vedula
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Warangal Telangana India
| | - Santhosh Penta
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Raipur 492010 CG India
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7
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da Silva MJV, Poletto J, Jacomini AP, Pianoski KE, Gonçalves DS, Ribeiro GM, de S. Melo SM, Back DF, Moura S, Rosa FA. Unconventional Method for Synthesis of 3-Carboxyethyl-4-formyl(hydroxy)-5-aryl-N-arylpyrazoles. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12590-12602. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. V. da Silva
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), 87030-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Julia Poletto
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), 87030-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Andrey P. Jacomini
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), 87030-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Karlos E. Pianoski
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), 87030-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Davana S. Gonçalves
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), 87030-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Gessica M. Ribeiro
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), 87030-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Samara M. de S. Melo
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), 87030-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Davi F. Back
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97110-970 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Moura
- Instituto
de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), 295070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda A. Rosa
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), 87030-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
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