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Kelarakis A. In Situ Generation of Nanoparticles on and within Polymeric Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1611. [PMID: 38891556 PMCID: PMC11174848 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that the structural, morphological and performance characteristics of nanoscale materials critically depend upon the dispersion state of the nanofillers that is, in turn, largely determined by the preparation protocol. In this report, we review synthetic strategies that capitalise on the in situ generation of nanoparticles on and within polymeric materials, an approach that relies on the chemical transformation of suitable precursors to functional nanoparticles synchronous with the build-up of the nanohybrid systems. This approach is distinctively different compared to standard preparation methods that exploit the dispersion of preformed nanoparticles within the macromolecular host and presents advantages in terms of time and cost effectiveness, environmental friendliness and the uniformity of the resulting composites. Notably, the in situ-generated nanoparticles tend to nucleate and grow on the active sites of the macromolecular chains, showing strong adhesion on the polymeric host. So far, this strategy has been explored in fabrics and membranes comprising metallic nanoparticles (silver, gold, platinum, copper, etc.) in relation to their antimicrobial and antifouling applications, while proof-of-concept demonstrations for carbon- and silica-based nanoparticles as well as titanium oxide-, layered double hydroxide-, hectorite-, lignin- and hydroxyapatite-based nanocomposites have been reported. The nanocomposites thus prepared are ideal candidates for a broad spectrum of applications such as water purification, environmental remediation, antimicrobial treatment, mechanical reinforcement, optical devices, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Kelarakis
- UCLan Research Centre for Smart Materials, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
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Jatav H, Shabaninezhad M, Mičetić M, Chakravorty A, Mishra A, Schwartzkopf M, Chumakov A, Roth SV, Kabiraj D. A Combinatorial Study Investigating the Growth of Ultrasmall Embedded Silver Nanoparticles upon Thermal Annealing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11983-11993. [PMID: 36150131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasmall nanoparticles (NPs) with a high active surface area are essential for optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications. However, the structural stability and sustainability of these ultrasmall NPs at higher temperatures remain a critical problem. Here, we have synthesized the nanocomposites (NCs) of Ag NPs inside the silica matrix using the atom beam co-sputtering technique. The post-deposition growth of the embedded Ag NPs is systematically investigated at a wide range of annealing temperatures (ATs). A novel, fast, and effective procedure, correlating the experimental (UV-vis absorption results) and theoretical (quantum mechanical modeling, QMM) results, is used to estimate the size of NPs. The QMM-based simulation, employed for this work, is found to be more accurate in reproducing the absorption spectra over the classical/modified Drude model, which fails to predict the expected shift in the LSPR for ultrasmall NPs. Unlike the classical Drude model, the QMM incorporates the intraband transition of the conduction band electrons to calculate the effective dielectric function of metallic NCs, which is the major contribution of LSPR shifts for ultrasmall NPs. In this framework, a direct comparison is made between experimentally and theoretically observed LSPR peak positions, and it is observed that the size of NPs grows from 3 to 18 nm as AT increases from room temperature to 900 °C. Further, in situ grazing-incidence small- & wide-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy measurements are employed to comprehend the growth of Ag NPs and validate the UV + QMM results. We demonstrate that, unlike chemically grown NPs, the embedded Ag NPs ensure greater stability in size and remain in an ultrasmall regime up to 800 °C, and beyond this temperature, the size of NPs increases exponentially due to dominant Ostwald ripening. Finally, a three-stage mechanism is discussed to understand the process of nucleation and growth of the silica-embedded Ag NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Jatav
- Materials science department, Inter-University Accelerator Centre, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Masoud Shabaninezhad
- Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, 49008, United States
| | - Maja Mičetić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Anusmita Chakravorty
- Materials science department, Inter-University Accelerator Centre, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ambuj Mishra
- Materials science department, Inter-University Accelerator Centre, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | - Andrei Chumakov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Debdulal Kabiraj
- Materials science department, Inter-University Accelerator Centre, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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Rzelewska-Piekut M, Wiecka Z, Regel-Rosocka M. Studies on the Formation of Catalytically Active PGM Nanoparticles from Model Solutions as a Basis for the Recycling of Spent Catalysts. Molecules 2022; 27:390. [PMID: 35056704 PMCID: PMC8779495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper presents basic studies on the precipitation of platinum, palladium, rhodium, and ruthenium nanoparticles from model acidic solutions using sodium borohydride, ascorbic acid, and sodium formate as reducing agents and polyvinylpyrrolidone as a stabilizing agent. The size of the obtained PGM particles after precipitation with NaBH4 solution does not exceed 55 nm. NaBH4 is an efficient reducer; the precipitation yields for Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh are 75, 90, 65 and 85%, respectively. By precipitation with ascorbic acid, it is possible to efficiently separate Pt, Rh, and Ru from Pd from the two-component mixtures. The obtained Pt, Pd, and Rh precipitates have the catalytic ability of the catalytic reaction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol. The morphological characteristic of the PGM precipitates was analyzed by AFM, SEM-EDS, and TEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Rzelewska-Piekut
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland; (Z.W.); (M.R.-R.)
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Yang G, Wei Y, Huang Z, Hu J, Liu G, Ou M, Lin S, Tu Y. Rapid and Efficient Collection of Platinum from Karstedt's Catalyst Solution via Ligands-Exchange-Induced Assembly. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:6778-6784. [PMID: 29381049 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Reported herein is a novel strategy for the rapid and efficient collection of platinum from Karstedt's catalyst solution. By taking advantage of a ligand-exchange reaction between alkynols and the 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane ligand (MViMVi) that coordinated with platinum (Pt(0)), the Karstedt's catalyst particles with a size of approximately 2.5 ± 0.7 nm could be reconstructed and assembled into larger particles with a size of 150 ± 35 nm due to the hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl groups of the alkynol. In addition, because the silicone-soluble MViMVi ligand of the Karstedt's catalyst was replaced by water-soluble alkynol ligands, the resultant large particles were readily dispersed in water, resulting in rapid, efficient, and complete collection of platinum from the Karstedt's catalyst solutions with platinum concentrations in the range from ∼20 000 to 0.05 ppm. Our current strategy not only was used for the rapid and efficient collection of platinum from the Karstedt's catalyst solutions, but it also enabled the precise evaluation of the platinum content in the Karstedt's catalysts, even if this platinum content was extremely low (i.e., 0.05 ppm). Moreover, these platinum specimens that were efficiently collected from the Karstedt's catalyst solutions could be directly used for the evaluation of platinum without the need for pretreatment processes, such as calcination and digestion with hydrofluoric acid, that were traditionally used prior to testing via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonghua Yang
- The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics , Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
| | - Yanlong Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics , Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics , Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
| | - Jiwen Hu
- The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics , Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
| | - Guojun Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics , Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Ming Ou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics , Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
| | - Shudong Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics , Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Tu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics , Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
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de Souza JF, da Silva GT, Fajardo AR. Chitosan-based film supported copper nanoparticles: A potential and reusable catalyst for the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 161:187-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ji W, Qi W, Tang S, Peng H, Li S. Hydrothermal Synthesis of Ultrasmall Pt Nanoparticles as Highly Active Electrocatalysts for Methanol Oxidation. NANOMATERIALS 2015; 5:2203-2211. [PMID: 28347116 PMCID: PMC5304777 DOI: 10.3390/nano5042203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasmall nanoparticles, with sizes in the 1–3 nm range, exhibit unique properties distinct from those of free molecules and larger-sized nanoparticles. Demonstrating that the hydrothermal method can serve as a facile method for the synthesis of platinum nanoparticles, we successfully synthesized ultrasmall Pt nanoparticles with an average size of 2.45 nm, with the aid of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as reducing agents and capping agents. Because of the size effect, these ultrasmall Pt nanoparticles exhibit a high activity toward the methanol oxidation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhai Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Weihong Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
- Institute for Materials Microstructure, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Non-Ferrous Materials Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Shasha Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Hongcheng Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Siqi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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Hierarchical nanostructures of tunable shapes through self-aggregation of POSS end-functional polymer and poly(ionic liquid) hybrids. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ma X, Hahn K, Sanchez S. Catalytic mesoporous Janus nanomotors for active cargo delivery. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4976-9. [PMID: 25844893 PMCID: PMC4440854 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report on the synergy between catalytic propulsion and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) for the design of Janus nanomotors as active cargo delivery systems with sizes <100 nm (40, 65, and 90 nm). The Janus asymmetry of the nanomotors is given by electron beam (e-beam) deposition of a very thin platinum (2 nm) layer on MSNPs. The chemically powered Janus nanomotors present active diffusion at low H2O2 fuel concentration (i.e., <3 wt %). Their apparent diffusion coefficient is enhanced up to 100% compared to their Brownian motion. Due to their mesoporous architecture and small dimensions, they can load cargo molecules in large quantity and serve as active nanocarriers for directed cargo delivery on a chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ma
- Max
Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Institution, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kersten Hahn
- Max
Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Institution, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Samuel Sanchez
- Max
Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Institution, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institució
Catalana de Recerca i EstudisAvancats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut
de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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