Manganese(III) acetate-mediated synthesis of N-substituted fulleropyrrolines via the reaction of [60]fullerene with α-monosubstituted acetaldehydes and primary amines

The simple one-step reaction of [60]fullerene with α-monosubstituted acetaldehydes and primary amines in the presence of Mn(OAc)₃·2H₂O under air conditions afforded a series of novel N-substituted fulleropyrrolines with trisubstituted CC bonds in moderate to good yields. The addition of Mn(OAc)₃·2H₂O played a crucial role in the successful synthesis of N-aryl fulleropyrrolines with trisubstituted CC bonds, which would be extremely difficult to prepare by known methods as a result of the decreased nucleophilicity of arylamines due to the p-π conjugation effect. Intriguingly, arylamines displayed abnormally higher reactivity as compared with non-arylamines in the current reaction system by the observation of obviously decreased equivalent of Mn(OAc)₃·2H₂O, higher product yields, and lower reaction temperature probably due to the radical reaction mechanism initiated by Mn(OAc)₃·2H₂O. On the basis of experimental observations, a plausible formation pathway for N-substituted fulleropyrrolines with trisubstituted CC bonds was proposed to elucidate the above-mentioned reaction process.

Sonochemical synthesis of novel C60 fullerene 1,4-oxathiane derivative through the intermediate fullerene radical anion

We have discovered a selective and efficient method for the synthesis of previously unknown 1,9-(1',4'-oxathiano)-1,9-dihydro-(C₆₀-I_h)[5,6]fullerene, a compound with the direct attachment of the sulfur atom to the fullerene core. The method is based on the reaction of C₆₀ with 1,2-hydroxythiols in the presence of inorganic bases in air under ultrasonication. The significance of ultrasound has been exemplified with the comparative conventional methods. The title compound has been identified with mass-(MALDI TOF/TOF), one- and two-dimensional NMR ¹H and ¹³C (COSY, HSQC, HMBS), IR, UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques. Using the direct EPR method, we have detected radical anion C₆₀^- (g = 2.0046 and ΔH = 2 G) as a key reaction intermediate of the sonochemical reaction. Based on the experimental results and quantum chemical calculations, we have proposed a mechanism for the conversion of C₆₀ and 2-mercaptoethanol to the C₆₀-1,4-oxathiane adduct.

Stereoselective synthesis of amino-substituted cyclopentafullerenes promoted by magnesium perchlorate/ferric perchlorate

A facile one-step reaction of [60]fullerene with cinnamaldehydes and amines promoted by magnesium perchlorate/ferric perchlorate under air conditions afforded a series of rare amino-substituted cyclopentafullerenes in moderate to good yields. Stereoselectivity was readily achieved. Secondary amines exclusively produced N,N-disubstituted cyclopentafullerenes as cis isomers, while arylamines gave N-monosubstituted cyclopentafullerenes with a preference of cis isomers as major products. N-Monosubstituted cyclopentafullerenes could be further converted into other scarce cyclopentafullerenes in the presence of acid chloride or paraformaldehyde. A possible reaction pathway was proposed to elucidate the formation of amino-substituted cyclopentafullerenes.

Copper-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Reaction of C60 with Aliphatic Primary Amines and CS2

A novel type of fullerene derivatives, [60]fullerothiazolidinethiones (2), were obtained from the copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative reaction of C₆₀ with aliphatic primary amines and CS₂ in 4:1 v/v DMF and o-DCB. The obtained products were fully characterized with the X-ray single-crystal diffraction and spectroscopic methods. Control experiment with maleic anhydride, an analogue to C₆₀, also afforded thiazolidinethione product, but via a mechanism different from that of C₆₀ judging from the structure difference between the two types of thiazolidinethione compounds, demonstrating the unique reactivity of C₆₀.

Stereoselective synthesis of cyclopentafullerenes: the reaction of [60]fullerene with aldehydes and triethylamine promoted by magnesium perchlorate

The magnesium perchlorate-mediated reaction of [60]fullerene with aldehydes and triethylamine generated a series of rare amino-substituted cyclopentafullerenes with high stereoselectivity.

Metal-free synthesis of fulleropyrrolidin-2-ols: a novel reaction of [60]fullerene with amines and 2,2-disubstituted acetaldehydes

The reaction of [60]fullerene with amines and 2,2-disubstituted acetaldehydes in the absence of metal salts afforded a series of novel fulleropyrrolidin-2-ols in moderate yields.

Stereoselective synthesis of N-ethyl-2-arylvinyl-5-methyl fulleropyrrolidines: reaction of [60]fullerene with aromatic aldehydes and triethylamine/diethylamine in the absence or presence of manganese(iii) acetate

Reaction of [60]fullerene with aromatic aldehydes and triethylamine/diethylamine afforded a series of novel fulleropyrrolidines.

Facile access to 2,5-diaryl fulleropyrrolidines: magnesium perchlorate-mediated reaction of [60]fullerene with arylmethylamines and aryl aldehydes

Reaction of [60]fullerene with arylmethanamines and aryl aldehydes in the presence of magnesium perchlorate generated a series of scarce 2,5-diaryl fulleropyrrolidines as cis isomers.

Ferric perchlorate-mediated one-step reaction of [60]fullerene with primary amides for the synthesis of fullerooxazoles

The reaction of [60]fullerene with amides promoted by cheap and easily available ferric perchlorate affords a series of interesting fullerooxazole derivatives.

Cu(OAc)2-promoted reaction of [60]fullerene with primary amines or diamines

The Cu(OAc)₂-mediated oxidative dehydrogenative addition of easily available primary amines to C₆₀ allows the concise preparation of aziridinofullerenes. Moreover, the Cu(OAc)₂-promoted reaction of C₆₀ with diamines affords C₆₀-fused cyclic 1,2-diaminated fullerenes.

TsOH-mediated reaction of aziridinofullerene with diols for the preparation of fullerene-fused dioxygenated ring compounds

Reaction of aziridinofullerene with diols promoted by p-toluenesulfonic acid affords various fullerene-fused dioxygenated ring compounds with six- to ten-membered heterocycles.