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Skoczynska A, Lewinski A, Pokora M, Paneth P, Budzisz E. An Overview of the Potential Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Properties of Ru(II)/(III) Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119512. [PMID: 37298471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the existing knowledge about Ru(II)/(III) ion complexes with a potential application in medicine or pharmacy, which may offer greater potential in cancer chemotherapy than Pt(II) complexes, which are known to cause many side effects. Hence, much attention has been paid to research on cancer cell lines and clinical trials have been undertaken on ruthenium complexes. In addition to their antitumor activity, ruthenium complexes are under evaluation for other diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and HIV. Attempts are also being made to evaluate ruthenium complexes as potential photosensitizers with polypyridine ligands for use in cancer chemotherapy. The review also briefly examines theoretical approaches to studying the interactions of Ru(II)/Ru(III) complexes with biological receptors, which can facilitate the rational design of ruthenium-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skoczynska
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lewinski
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Pokora
- International Center of Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)-International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Paneth
- International Center of Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)-International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Budzisz
- Department of the Chemistry of Cosmetic Raw Materials, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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Masnikosa R, Milutinović MM, Crnolatac I, Tot A, Veličković S, Bojić-Trbojević Ž, Rilak-Simović A. Anti-adhesive action of novel ruthenium(II) chlorophenyl terpyridine complexes with a high affinity for double-stranded DNA: in vitro and in silico. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 208:111090. [PMID: 32389890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of three Ru(II) chlorophenyl terpyridine complexes: [Ru(Cl-Ph-tpy)(en)Cl]Cl (1), [Ru(Cl-Ph-tpy)(dach)Cl]Cl (2) and [Ru(Cl-Ph-tpy)(bpy)Cl]Cl (3) (Cl-Ph-tpy = 4'-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine, en = 1,2-diaminoethane, dach = 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) with human serum albumin (HSA), calf thymus DNA and a double-helical oligonucleotide d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2 (1BNA) were examined. Fluorescence emission studies were used to assess the interactions of complexes with HSA, which were of moderate strength for 1 and 2. Molecular docking allowed us to predict mostly π-π stacking and van der Waals interactions between the complexes and the protein. We suggest that the complexes bind to a novel site on HSA, which is different from its druggable sites I, II or III. We suggest a partial intercalation of complexes through the minor groove as a possible mode of interaction with double-helical DNA. Finally, when applied to normal extravillous cell line HTR8/SVneo and JAr choriocarcinoma cell line, complexes 1 and 2 exerted anti-adhesive properties at very low doses, whereas complex 3 had a negligible effect. The obtained results are completion of our studies of Ru(II) terpyridyl complexes that carry N-N ancillary ligands. We suggest a new research direction towards studying the cellular effects of Ru(II) polypyridyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Masnikosa
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milan M Milutinović
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Natural Sciences, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Technical University of Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany (present address)
| | - Ivo Crnolatac
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory for Biomolecular Interactions and Spectroscopy, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Tot
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Suzana Veličković
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Žanka Bojić-Trbojević
- Laboratory for Biology of Reproduction, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11000 Zemun-Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Rilak-Simović
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Natural Sciences, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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(Pyridyl)benzoazole ruthenium(III) complexes: Kinetics of ligand substitution reaction and potential cytotoxic properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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de Jesús Cázares-Marinero J, Przybylski C, Salmain M. Proteins as Macromolecular Ligands for Metal-Catalysed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones in Aqueous Medium. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cédric Przybylski
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM; Sorbonne Université, CNRS; 75005 Paris France
| | - Michèle Salmain
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM; Sorbonne Université, CNRS; 75005 Paris France
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Nišavić M, Stoiljković M, Crnolatac I, Milošević M, Rilak A, Masnikosa R. Highly water-soluble ruthenium(II) terpyridine coordination compounds form stable adducts with blood-borne metal transporting proteins. ARAB J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Biological activity and binding properties of [Ru(II)(dcbpy)2Cl2] complex to bovine serum albumin, phospholipase A2 and glutathione. Biometals 2016; 29:921-33. [PMID: 27515969 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium compounds are highly regarded as metallo-drug candidates. Many studies have focused their attention on the interaction between ruthenium complexes with their possible biological targets. The interaction of ruthenium complexes with transport proteins, enzymes and peptides is of great importance for understanding their biodistribution and mechanism of action, therefore, the development of an anti-cancer therapy involving ruthenium complexes has recently shifted from DNA targeting towards protein targeting. With the aim of gaining insight into possible interactions between ruthenium complexes with biologically relevant proteins, we have studied the interaction of cis-dichlorobis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid)ruthenium(II) complex [Ru(II)(dcbpy)2Cl2], which previously showed good potency in photo-dynamic chemotherapy, with bovine serum albumin (BSA), phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and glutathione (GSH). Binding constants and possible number of binding sites to mentioned proteins and peptide are investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS). The complex binding affinities were in the following order: PLA2 > BSA > GSH. Moreover, genotoxic profile of the complex, tested on peripheral blood lymphocytes as a model system, was also promising.
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Bijelic A, Theiner S, Keppler BK, Rompel A. X-ray Structure Analysis of Indazolium trans-[Tetrachlorobis(1H-indazole)ruthenate(III)] (KP1019) Bound to Human Serum Albumin Reveals Two Ruthenium Binding Sites and Provides Insights into the Drug Binding Mechanism. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5894-903. [PMID: 27196130 PMCID: PMC4921950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
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Ruthenium(III) complexes are promising
candidates for anticancer
drugs, especially the clinically studied indazolium trans-[tetrachlorobis(1H-indazole)ruthenate(III)] (KP1019)
and its analogue sodium trans-[tetrachlorobis(1H-indazole)ruthenate(III)] (NKP-1339). Several studies have
emphasized the likely role of human serum proteins in the transportation
and accumulation of ruthenium(III) complexes in tumors. Therefore,
the interaction between KP1019 and human serum albumin was investigated
by means of X-ray crystallography and inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometry (ICP-MS). The structural data unambiguously reveal the
binding of two ruthenium atoms to histidine residues 146 and 242,
which are both located within well-known hydrophobic binding pockets
of albumin. The ruthenium centers are octahedrally coordinated by
solvent molecules revealing the dissociation of both indazole ligands
from the ruthenium-based drug. However, a binding mechanism is proposed
indicating the importance of the indazole ligands for binding site
recognition and thus their indispensable role for the binding of KP1019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Bijelic
- Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Universität Wien , Althanstraße 14, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | | | | | - Annette Rompel
- Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Universität Wien , Althanstraße 14, 1090 Wien, Austria
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Lazić D, Arsenijević A, Puchta R, Bugarčić ŽD, Rilak A. DNA binding properties, histidine interaction and cytotoxicity studies of water soluble ruthenium(ii) terpyridine complexes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:4633-46. [PMID: 26855406 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04132e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two representatives of previously synthesized ruthenium(ii) terpyridine complexes, i.e., [Ru(Cl-tpy)(en)Cl][Cl] (1) and [Ru(Cl-tpy)(dach)Cl][Cl] (2), were chosen and a detailed study of the kinetic parameters of their reactivity toward l-histidine (l-His), using the UV-Vis and (1)H NMR techniques, was developed. The inner molecular rearrangement from N3-coordinated l-His to the N1 bound isomer, observable in the NMR data, was corroborated by DFT calculations favoring N1 coordination by nearly 4 kcal mol(-1). These two ruthenium(ii) terpyridine complexes were investigated for their interactions with DNA employing UV-Vis spectroscopy, DNA viscosity measurements and fluorescence quenching measurements. The high binding constants obtained in the DNA binding studies (Kb = 10(4)-10(5) M(-1)) suggest a strong binding of the complexes to calf thymus (CT) DNA. Competitive studies with ethidium bromide (EB) showed that the complexes can displace DNA-bound EB, suggesting strong competition with EB (Ksv = 1.5-2.5 × 10(4) M(-1)). In fact, the results indicate that these complexes can bind to DNA covalently and non-covalently. In order to gain insight of the behavior of a neutral compound, besides the four previously synthesized cationic complexes [Ru(Cl-tpy)(en)Cl][Cl] (1), [Ru(Cl-tpy)(dach)Cl][Cl] (2), [Ru(Cl-tpy)(bpy)Cl][Cl] (3) and [Ru(tpy)Cl3] (P2), a new complex, [Ru(Cl-tpy)(pic)Cl] (4), was used in the biological studies. Their cytotoxicity was investigated against three different tumor cell lines, i.e., A549 (human lung carcinoma cell line), HCT116 (human colon carcinoma cell line), and CT26 (mouse colon carcinoma cell line), by the MTT assay. Complexes 1 and 2 showed higher activity than complexes 3, 4 and P2 against all the selected cell lines. The results on in vitro anticancer activity confirmed that only compounds that hydrolyze the monodentate ligand at a reasonable rate show moderate activity, provided that the chelate ligand is a hydrogen bond donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Lazić
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Das D, Mondal P. Quantum Chemical Studies on Detail Mechanism of Nitrosylation of NAMI-A-HSA Adduct. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:10456-65. [PMID: 26151453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b05071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrolysis of NAMI-A in NAMI-A-HSA (HSA = human serum albumin) and nitrosylation of hydrolyzed NAMI-A-HSA adduct have been studied in detail using density functional theory method. It has been observed that the chloride exchange reaction with water in the NAMI-A-HSA adduct follows an interchange dissociative mechanism passing through an unstable heptacoordinated activated complex. The computed free energy of activation (ΔG) and rate constant (k) for the hydrolysis process in aqueous medium are observed to be 24.85 kcal mol(-1) and 3.81 × 10(-6) s(-1), respectively. Nitrosylation of hydrolyzed NAMI-A-HSA adduct with nitric oxide is found to be thermodynamically more favorable with the incorporation of solvent effect and provides a detailed understanding related to the antimetastatic activity of the NAMI-A drug. This investigation shows that nitric oxide coordinates linearly to NAMI-A-HSA adduct leading to the reduction of ruthenium(III) to more active ruthenium(II), with the reduction potential of -2.32 V. Negative relative solvation and relative binding free energies suggest that the hydrolysis and nitrosylation reactions are found to be thermodynamically favorable and faster. Our computed results provide a detailed thermodynamics and kinetics which may be highly beneficial for understanding antimetastatic activity as well as the nitric oxide scavenging ability of NAMI-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharitri Das
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Paritosh Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
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Das D, Mondal P. Interaction of ruthenium(ii) antitumor complexes with d(ATATAT)2 and d(GCGCGC)2: a theoretical study. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj02118e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the interaction of three ruthenium(ii) complexes with d(ATATAT)2 and d(GCGCGC)2 sequences by using the molecular docking and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) hybrid method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharitri Das
- Department of Chemistry
- Assam University
- Silchar 788011
- India
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