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Zhao Z, Xia K, Hou Y, Zhang Q, Ye Z, Lu J. Designing flexible, smart and self-sustainable supercapacitors for portable/wearable electronics: from conductive polymers. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12702-12743. [PMID: 34643198 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00800e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of portable/wearable electronics proposes new demands for energy storage devices, which are flexibility, smart functions and long-time outdoor operation. Supercapacitors (SCs) show great potential in portable/wearable applications, and the recently developed flexible, smart and self-sustainable supercapacitors greatly meet the above demands. In these supercapacitors, conductive polymers (CPs) are widely applied due to their high flexibility, conductivity, pseudo-capacitance, smart characteristics and moderate preparation conditions. Herein, we'd like to introduce the CP-based flexible, smart and self-sustainable supercapacitors for portable/wearable electronics. This review first summarizes the flexible SCs based on CPs and their composites with carbon materials and metal compounds. The smart supercapacitors, i.e., electrochromic, electrochemical actuated, stretchable, self-healing and stimuli-sensitive ones, are then presented. The self-sustainable SCs which integrate SC units with energy-harvesting units in one compact configuration are also introduced. The last section highlights some current challenges and future perspectives of this thriving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Kequan Xia
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Yang Hou
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhizhen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. .,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Jianguo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. .,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, Wenzhou 325006, China
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Parayangattil Jyothibasu J, Chen MZ, Lee RH. Polypyrrole/Carbon Nanotube Freestanding Electrode with Excellent Electrochemical Properties for High-Performance All-Solid-State Supercapacitors. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:6441-6451. [PMID: 32258879 PMCID: PMC7114166 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a facile and environmentally friendly method was used to prepare a freestanding supercapacitor electrode displaying excellent areal capacitance and good cycle life performance. First, we prepared polypyrrole nanoparticles (PPyNP) through a simple in situ chemical polymerization using the plant-derived material curcumin as a bioavailable template. A PPyNP/f-CNT freestanding composite electrode of high mass loading (ca. 14 mg cm-2) was prepared after blending the mixtures of the prepared PPyNP and functionalized CNTs (f-CNTs). The performance of the as-prepared material as a supercapacitor electrode was evaluated in a three-electrode setup using aqueous 1 M H2SO4 as the electrolyte. The PPyNP/f-CNT freestanding composite electrode exhibited a high areal capacitance of 4585 mF cm-2 and a corresponding volumetric capacitance of 176.35 F cm-3 at a current density of 2 mA cm-2. A symmetric all-solid-state supercapacitor assembled using two identical pieces of PPyNP/f-CNT composite electrodes exhibited maximum areal energy and power density of 129.24 μW h cm-2 and 12.5 mW cm-2, respectively. Besides, this supercapacitor device exhibited good cycle life performance, with 79.03% capacitance retention after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles. These results suggest practical applications for these PPyNP/f-CNT freestanding composite electrode-based symmetric all-solid-state supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincy Parayangattil Jyothibasu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Chung
Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department
of Environmental Engineering, National Chung
Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Zhu Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Chung
Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Ho Lee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Chung
Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Stejskal J. Strategies towards the control of one-dimensional polypyrrole nanomorphology and conductivity. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Stejskal
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
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Kuwabara K, Masaki H, Imai H, Oaki Y. Substrate coating by conductive polymers through spontaneous oxidation and polymerization. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:7895-7900. [PMID: 28561844 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01838j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A variety of substrates and substances were coated with conductive polymers at low temperature under ambient pressure. The substrate coating with heteroaromatic polymers proceeded through spontaneous oxidation and polymerization of the monomers, such as pyrrole (Py) and thiophene (Tp) derivatives. The monomer liquid, the solid nitrate oxidant, and the substrate were put in a closed vessel. The vapor of the activated monomer was spontaneously generated on the surface of the solid nitrate oxidant through the diffusion of the monomer vapor. The monomer and its activated species were adsorbed and polymerized on the surface of any substrate in the reaction vessel. The thickness was controlled by the reaction time. The substituents of the monomers had an influence on the coating rate. The morphology of the coated polymers was changed by the substrates with different wettabilities. The thin coating of the heteroaromatic polymer was applied to the preparation of an electrode for charge storage based on the redox reaction. The thin coating on the current collector showed an enhanced high-rate charge-discharge performance. The present synthetic approach can be applied to the coating of polymer materials on a variety of substrates from the monomer vapor under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Kuwabara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
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Sato K, Masaki H, Arayasu M, Oaki Y, Imai H. Conductive Polymer Nanosheets Generated from the Crystal Surface of an Organic Oxidant. Chempluschem 2016; 82:177-180. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Hirotaka Masaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Mirei Arayasu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Yuya Oaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
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Li M, Yin W, Han X, Chang X. Hierarchical nanocomposites of polyaniline scales coated on graphene oxide sheets for enhanced supercapacitors. J Solid State Electrochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-016-3202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Stejskal J, Trchová M, Bober P, Morávková Z, Kopecký D, Vrňata M, Prokeš J, Varga M, Watzlová E. Polypyrrole salts and bases: superior conductivity of nanotubes and their stability towards the loss of conductivity by deprotonation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19461c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypyrrole nanotubes exhibit conductivity of tens S cm−1 which is one of the highest among the current conducting polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Stejskal
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Trchová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Patrycja Bober
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Morávková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Dušan Kopecký
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vrňata
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prokeš
- Charles University in Prague
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- 180 00 Prague 8
- Czech Republic
| | - Martin Varga
- Charles University in Prague
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- 180 00 Prague 8
- Czech Republic
| | - Elizaveta Watzlová
- Charles University in Prague
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- 180 00 Prague 8
- Czech Republic
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