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LI QY, WU B, GONG X, WANG WS, ZHU JX, ZHANG CH, ZHANG N. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of aconite alkaloids in Aconiti kusnezoffii Radix, and NO inhibitory activity evaluation of the alkaloid extracts. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.28521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chun-Hong ZHANG
- Donghe District, China; Planting and Development of Astragalus Membranaceus of the Geoherbs, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Characteristic Geoherbs Resources and Utilization, China
| | - Na ZHANG
- Donghe District, China; Planting and Development of Astragalus Membranaceus of the Geoherbs, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Characteristic Geoherbs Resources and Utilization, China
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Liu W, Yu J, Li W, Jiang Z, Li T, Cao L, Tu P, Li J, Song Y. Simultaneous determination of eight tryptic peptides in musk using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1171:122624. [PMID: 33756451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In comparison of herbal medicines, less attention has been paid onto animal medicines, partially attributing to the protein-enriched property. Particularly, it is still challenging to conduct quality evaluation for the animal medicines because of the lack of a fit-for-purpose analytical tool. Herein, an attempt was made to propose a workflow allowing the quality assessment of animal medicines by LC-MS/MS, and musk that is one of the most precious traditional Chinese medicines was employed as a representative case for utility illustration. After the extraction of protein from musk with a well-defined protocol, tryptic digestion was conducted to hydrolyze proteins into peptides, and the peptide-enriched sample was subjected to nanoLC-Orbitrap MS measurement. The tandem mass spectral dataset was retrieved in Human Swiss-Prot FASTA database, and the sequences together with the sources of 733 tryptic peptides, in total, were annotated. Because of the abundant distributions, eight peptides were chosen as the analytes for quantitative measurements, and their quantitative MS parameters, such as ion transitions and collision energies, were rapid optimized in an authentic compound-free manner using online energy-resolved MS (ER-MS). On the other side, the annotated peptides were structurally consolidated via synthesizing reference peptides. When the synthetic peptides were applied for parameter optimization with the authentic compound-dependent manner, the values were almost identical with those from online ER-MS measurements. After being validated with diverse assays, the developed method was applied for the simultaneous determination of eight peptides in 28 batches of musk samples, including captive (C1-C18) and wild ones (W1-W10). Significant differences took place for the content patterns of concerned tryptic peptides between the captive and wild musk samples. Trace distributions occurred for DVDAAYMNK in most batches. Captive samples were rich of QSLEASLAETEGR, TLLDIDNTR, and EVATNSELVQSGK, whereas wild samples were able to accumulate YLGYLEQLLR. Together, the present study provided a meaningful approach for the quality evaluation of musk, as well as other peptide-enriched animal medicines, even if the absences of authentic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Zhangzhou Pien-Tze-Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou 3630002, China
| | - Wei Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhenzhen Jiang
- Zhangzhou Pien-Tze-Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou 3630002, China
| | - Ting Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Libo Cao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yuelin Song
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Leong F, Hua X, Wang M, Chen T, Song Y, Tu P, Chen XJ. Quality standard of traditional Chinese medicines: comparison between European Pharmacopoeia and Chinese Pharmacopoeia and recent advances. Chin Med 2020; 15:76. [PMID: 32742301 PMCID: PMC7388521 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are becoming more and more popular all over the world. However, quality issues of TCM may lead to medical incidents in practice and therefore quality control is essential to TCM. In this review, the state of TCM in European Pharmacopoeia are compared with that in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and herbal drugs that are not considered as TCM and not elaborated by TCM working party at European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & Health Care (EDQM) but present in both European Pharmacopoeia and Chinese Pharmacopoeias are also discussed. Different aspects in quality control of TCM including origins, identification, tests and assays, as well as sample preparation, marker selection and TCM processing are covered to address the importance of establishing comprehensive quality standard of TCM. Furthermore, advanced analytical techniques for quality control and standard establishment of TCM are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong Leong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Wang
- LU-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg72, 2333BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tongkai Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405 China
| | - Yuelin Song
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Xiao-Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao People's Republic of China
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Qian Z, Huang Q, Li C, Chen J, Li G, Ma H, Xie J. Analysis of ginseng root and leaf by multiple columns and detections liquid chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2020.1730890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengming Qian
- School of Rehabilitation, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., LTD, Dongguan, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., LTD, Dongguan, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., LTD, Dongguan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Rehabilitation, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Agricultural Environments and Resources Research Center, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyan Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juying Xie
- School of Rehabilitation, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
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Large Volume Direct Injection Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Based Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study between Single and Combinatory Uses of Carthamus tinctorius Extract and Notoginseng Total Saponins. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12020180. [PMID: 32093170 PMCID: PMC7076352 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of Carthamus tinctorius extract (CTE) and notoginseng total saponins (NGTS), namely, CNP, presents a synergistic effect on myocardial ischemia protection. Herein, comparative pharmacokinetic studies between CNP and CTE/NGTS were conducted to clarify their synergistic mechanisms. A large volume direct injection ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LVDI-UHPLC-MS/MS) platform was developed for sensitively assaying the multi-component pharmacokinetic and in vitro cocktail assay of cytochrome p450 (CYP450) before and after compatibility of CTE and NGTS. The pharmacokinetic profiles of six predominantly efficacious components of CNP, including hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA); ginsenosides Rg1 (GRg1), Re (GRe), Rb1 (GRb1), and Rd (GRd); and notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1), were obtained, and the results disclosed that CNP could increase the exposure levels of HSYA, GRg1, GRe, GRb1, and NGR1 at varying degrees. The in vitro cocktail assay demonstrated that CNP exhibited more potent inhibition on CYP1A2 than CTE and NGTS, and GRg1, GRb1, GRd, quercetin, kaempferol, and 6-hydroxykaempferol were found to be the major inhibitory compounds. The developed pharmacokinetic interaction-based strategy provides a viable orientation for the compatibility investigation of herb medicines.
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Wu R, Chen X, Wu WJ, Wang Z, Wong YLE, Hung YLW, Wong HT, Yang M, Zhang F, Chan TWD. Rapid Differentiation of Asian and American Ginseng by Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Using Stepwise Modulation of Gas Modifier Concentration. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:2212-2221. [PMID: 31502223 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a rapid and robust method for the differentiation of Asian and American ginseng samples based on differential ion mobility spectrometry-tandem mass spectrometry (DMS-MS/MS). Groups of bioactive ginsenoside/pseudo-ginsenoside isomers, including Rf/Rg1/F11, Rb2/Rb3/Rc, and Rd/Re, in the ginseng extracts were sequentially separated using DMS with stepwise changes in the gas modifier concentration prior to MS analysis. The identities of the spatially separated ginsenoside/pseudo-ginsenoside isomers were confirmed by their characteristic compensation voltages at specific modifier loading and MS/MS product ions. As expected, Asian ginseng samples contained some Rf and an insignificant amount of F11, whereas American ginseng samples had a high level of F11 but no Rf. The origin of the whole and sliced ginseng could further be confirmed using the quantitative ratios of three sets of ginsenoside markers, namely, Rg1/Re, Rb1/Rg1, and Rb2/Rc. Based on our results, new benchmark ratios of Rg1/Re < 0.15, Rb1/Rg1 > 2.15, and Rb2/Rc < 0.26 were proposed for American ginseng (as opposed to Asian ginseng).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
- Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Jing Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-L Elaine Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-L Winnie Hung
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - H-T Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Minli Yang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100123, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100123, China
| | - T-W Dominic Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
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Chen R, Ning Z, Zheng C, Yang Y, Zhang C, Ou X, Chen K, Yu H, Wei X, Zhao Q, He J. Simultaneous determination of 16 alkaloids in blood by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with supported liquid extraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1128:121789. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Lu YY, Chen JF, Song JY, Du ZY, Wang JL, Qian Y, Jiang Y, Guo XY, Tu PF. Pharmacokinetics study of 16 representative components from Baoyuan Decoction in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS with a large-volume direct injection method. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 57:148-157. [PMID: 30668317 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baoyuan decoction (BYD), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, is clinically used for the treatment of aplastic anemia, chronic renal failure, coronary heart disease, etc. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a large-volume direct injection liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for simultaneous determination of 16 representative flavonoids and saponins in rat plasma after oral administration of BYD. METHODS The rat plasma sample was injected directly into a pre-column, which was eluted firstly by 0.05% formic acid in water. Then, the accumulated components were eluted from the pre-column and transferred into a Waters BEH C18 column with acetonitrile and water system (contain 0.05% formic acid) as the mobile phase at a rate of 0.3 ml/min. The detection was accomplished in a negative mode using the schedule multiple-reaction monitoring (sMRM). RESULTS The correlation coefficients for calibration curves were all higher than 0.9920 for formononetin, ononin, calycosin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritin apioside, isoliquiritin apioside, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Rg1 and astragaloside. The intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD) and accuracy (RE) for the investigated components were in the range of -10.9 to 13.7%. The average recoveries were in the range of 75.7-108.6%. This method was successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of 16 compounds of BYD in rats. The absorption and elimination rates of the representative saponins were significantly slower than most of the targeted-flavonoids after oral administration of BYD in rats. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the large-volume direct injection LC-MS method provided a rapid and efficient approach for multi-components pharmacokinetics of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jin-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jin-Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jin-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yi Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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Huo H, Liu Y, Liu W, Sun J, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Zheng J, Tu P, Song Y, Li J. A full solution for multi-component quantification-oriented quality assessment of herbal medicines, Chinese agarwood as a case. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1558:37-49. [PMID: 29773341 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The quality of herbal medicines (HMs) is the prerequisite for their pronounced therapeutic outcomes in clinic, and multi-component (also known as quality markers, Q-markers) quantification has been widely emphasized as a viable means for quality evaluation. Because of the chemical diversity, the quality control practices are extensively dampened by four principal technical bottlenecks, including the lack of authentic compounds, large polarity span, extensive concentration range, and signal misrecognition for those potential Q-markers. An attempt to promote the potential of LC-MS/MS is made herein to cope with those obstacles and Chinese agarwood was employed as a case study. Firstly, a home-made fraction collector was introduced to automatically fragment the entire extract into a panel of fractions-of-interest. Secondly, quantitative 1H-NMR was deployed to offset the LC-MS/MS potential towards in-depth chemical profiling each fraction, and those well-defined fractions were then pooled and combined with some accessible authentic compounds to generate the pseudo-mixed standard solution. Thirdly, serial improvements were conducted for LC-MS/MS measurements. Reversed phase LC and hydrophilic interaction LC were serially coupled in respond to the large polarity window, and online parameter optimization, response tailoring, as well as RRCEC (relative response vs. collision energy curve) matching were integrated in MS/MS domain to advance the quantitative confidences. Simultaneous determination was conducted for 26 components, in total, in Chinese agarwood after method validation. In particular, authentic compound-free quantification was achieved for eight 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone derivatives. Above all, the strategy is a promising solution to completely tackle with the technical barriers toward Q-marker quantification-oriented quality control of Chinese agarwood, as well as other HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Huo
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfang Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Zheng
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelin Song
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
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An Integrated Strategy for Global Qualitative and Quantitative Profiling of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulas: Baoyuan Decoction as a Case. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38379. [PMID: 27924825 PMCID: PMC5141425 DOI: 10.1038/srep38379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clarification of the chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine formulas (TCMFs) is a challenge due to the variety of structures and the complexity of plant matrices. Herein, an integrated strategy was developed by hyphenating ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF), hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (Qtrap-MS), and the novel post-acquisition data processing software UNIFI to achieve automatic, rapid, accurate, and comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analysis of the chemical components in TCMFs. As a proof-of-concept, the chemical profiling of Baoyuan decoction (BYD), which is an ancient TCMF that is clinically used for the treatment of coronary heart disease that consists of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Astragali Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle, and Cinnamomi Cortex, was performed. As many as 236 compounds were plausibly or unambiguously identified, and 175 compounds were quantified or relatively quantified by the scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (sMRM) method. The findings demonstrate that the strategy integrating the rapidity of UNIFI software, the efficiency of UPLC, the accuracy of Q-TOF-MS, and the sensitivity and quantitation ability of Qtrap-MS provides a method for the efficient and comprehensive chemome characterization and quality control of complex TCMFs.
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Shenfu injection for improving cellular immunity and clinical outcome in patients with sepsis or septic shock. Am J Emerg Med 2016; 35:1-6. [PMID: 28029485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the efficacy of Shenfu injection (SFI) for enhancing cellular immunity and improving the clinical outcomes of patients with septic shock. METHODS Patients with sepsis were randomly assigned to receive either SFI at a dose of 100mL every 24hours for 7 consecutive days or a placebo in addition to conventional therapy. The immunologic parameters were collected on days 1, 3, and 7 after the above treatments, and the clinical outcomes were updated for 28days. RESULTS Of these160 patients, 3 were excluded from the analysis due to protocol violation and withdrawal of consent; thus, 157 completed the study (78 in the SFI group and 79 in the placebo group). We found that SFI increased both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood and up-regulated HLA-DR expression in monocytes (P<.05). Furthermore, SFI was also found to restore ex vivo monocytic tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 proinflammatory cytokine release in response to the endotoxin (P<.05). Importantly, the SFI group showed better clinical outcomes than did the placebo group in terms of the duration of vasopressor use (P=.008), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (P=.034), Marshall score (P=.01), and length of intensive care unit stay (10.5±3.2 vs 12.2±2.8days; P=.012). However, the 28-day mortality rate was not significantly different between the SFI (20.5%; 16/78) and placebo groups (27.8%; -22/79; P=.28). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that SFI can enhance the cellular immunity of patients with septic shock and could be a promising adjunctive treatment for patients with septic shock.
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Wang Q, Song W, Qiao X, Ji S, Kuang Y, Zhang ZX, Bo T, Guo DA, Ye M. Simultaneous quantification of 50 bioactive compounds of the traditional Chinese medicine formula Gegen-Qinlian decoction using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1454:15-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Li Y, Zhang X, Lin P, Qiu H, Wei J, Cao Y, Pan S, Walline J, Qian C, Shan Z, Yu X. Effects of Shenfu Injection in the Treatment of Septic Shock Patients: A Multicenter, Controlled, Randomized, Open-Label Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2016; 2016:2565169. [PMID: 27446222 PMCID: PMC4944053 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2565169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Shenfu on biochemical parameters and survival during resuscitation in patients with septic shock was examined. This was a multicenter, controlled, randomized, open-label trial carried out in 210 patients with septic shock from seven medical centers in China. They were randomized to Shenfu or saline. The primary outcome was lactate clearance. The secondary outcomes were shock index normalization, dose of vasopressors, ICU stay, hospital stay, and mortality. A total of 199 patients completed the trial. Blood pressure, heart rate, and other routine lab tests showed no difference between the groups. Lactate levels and lactate clearance were similar between the two groups. Hospital and ICU stay were similar between the two groups. When considering all patients, the 7- and 28-day mortality were similar between the two groups, but when considering only patients with lactate levels ≥4.5 mmol/L, the Shenfu group showed a better 7-day survival than the control group (7 days: 83.3% versus 54.5%, P = 0.034; 28 days: 72.7% versus 47.6%, P = 0.092). Shenfu may improve the 7-day survival in patients with impaired lactate clearance (≥4.5 mmol/L), but the mechanism for this effect is unclear. Additional studies are necessary to characterize the hemodynamic changes after Shenfu infusion. This trial is registered with ChiCTR-TRC-11001369.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Emergency Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xinchao Zhang
- Emergency Department, Beijing Hospital of the Ministry of Health, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Peihong Lin
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Haibo Qiu
- Emergency Department, Zhongda Hospital, Dongnan University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Emergency Department, Hubei Provincial Hospital, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huaxi Medical College of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China
| | - Shuming Pan
- Emergency Department, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Joseph Walline
- Emergency Department, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Chuanyun Qian
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650034, China
| | - Zhigang Shan
- Emergency Department, PLA 263 Hospital, Beijing 101199, China
| | - XueZhong Yu
- Emergency Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
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14
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Chromatographic analysis of Polygalae Radix by online hyphenating pressurized liquid extraction. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27303. [PMID: 27272557 PMCID: PMC4895155 DOI: 10.1038/srep27303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Practicing “green analytical chemistry” is of great importance when profiling the chemical composition of complex matrices. Herein, a novel hybrid analytical platform was developed for direct chemical analysis of complex matrices by online hyphenating pressurized warm water extraction followed by turbulent flow chromatography coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (PWWE-TFC-LC-MS/MS). Two parallel hollow guard columns acted as extraction vessels connected to a long narrow polyether ether ketone tube, while warm water served as extraction solvent and was delivered at a flow rate of 2.5 mL/min to generate considerable back pressure at either vessel. A column oven heated both the solvent and crude materials. A TFC column, which is advantageous for the comprehensive trapping of small molecular substances from fluids under turbulent flow conditions, was employed to transfer analytes from the PWWE module to LC-MS/MS. Two electronic valves alternated each vessel between extraction and elution phases. As a proof-of-concept, a famous herbal medicine for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, namely Polygalae Radix, was selected for the qualitative and quantitative analyses. The results suggest that the hybrid platform is advantageous in terms of decreasing time, material, and solvent consumption and in its automation, versatility, and environmental friendliness.
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15
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Yang L, Xie X, Cai L, Ran X, Li Y, Yin T, Zhao H, Li CP. p-sulfonated calix[8]arene functionalized graphene as a "turn on" fluorescent sensing platform for aconitine determination. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 82:146-54. [PMID: 27085945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work reports a novel method for the determination of aconitine through the competitive host-guest interaction between p-sulfonated calix[8]arene (SCX8) and signal probe/target molecules by using SCX8 functionalized reduced graphene oxide (SCX8-RGO) as a receptor. Three dyes (ST, RhB, BRB) and aconitine were selected as the probe and target molecules, respectively. The formation of SCX8-RGO·ST, SCX8-RGO·RhB, and SCX8-RGO·BRB complexes greatly decreases the fluorescence emission of ST, RhB, and BRB. The aconitine/SCX8 complex possesses a higher binding constant than ST/SCX8, RhB/SCX8, and BRB/SCX8 complexes, thus the dye in the SCX8 cavity can be replaced by aconitine to revert the fluorescence emission of SCX8-RGO·dye, leading to a "switch-on" fluorescence response. The fluorescence intensity of SCX8-RGO·ST, SCX8-RGO·RhB, and SCX8-RGO·BRB complexes increased linearly with increasing concentration of aconitine ranging from 1.0 to 14.0μM, 2.0-16.0μM, and 1.0-16.0μM, respectively. Based on the competitive host-guest interaction, the proposed detection method for aconitine showed detection limits of 0.28μM, 0.60μM, and 0.37μM, respectively, and was successfully applied for the determination of aconitine in human serum samples with good recoveries from 95.1% to 104.8%. The proposed method showed high selectivity for aconitine beyond competitive binding analytes. In addition, the inclusion complex of the SCX8/aconitine was studied by the molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation, which indicated that the phenyl ester group of the aconitine molecule was included into the SCX8 cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Xiaoguang Xie
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Le Cai
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Xin Ran
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Yucong Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Tianpeng Yin
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China.
| | - Can-Peng Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China.
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16
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Zhang N, Song Y, Song Q, Shi S, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Li J, Tu P. Qualitative and Quantitative Assessments of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Diode Array Detection and Hybrid Ion Trap–Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:888-901. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Liu Y, Song Q, Zheng J, Li J, Zhao Y, Li C, Song Y, Tu P. Sensitive profiling of phenols, bile acids, sterols, and eicosanoids in mammalian urine by large volume direct injection-online solid phase extraction-ultra high performance liquid chromatography-polarity switching tandem mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13272c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new sensitive LVDI-online SPE-UHPLC-psMS/MS method was developed and applied for simultaneous and direct determination of 28 constituents, including 10 BAs, 5 sterols, 8 eicosanoids and 8 phenolic compounds in mammalian urinary samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica
| | - Qingqing Song
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica
| | - Jiao Zheng
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Yunfang Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Chun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Yuelin Song
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- China
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18
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Song Y, Zhang N, Shi S, Li J, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Jiang Y, Tu P. Large-scale qualitative and quantitative characterization of components in Shenfu injection by integrating hydrophilic interaction chromatography, reversed phase liquid chromatography, and tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1407:106-18. [PMID: 26143607 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is of great importance to clarify in depth the chemical composition, including qualitative and quantitative aspects, of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injection that contains a great number of hydrophilic and hydrophobic ingredients to guarantee its safe medication in clinic. Column-switching hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-reversed phase liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-RPLC-MS/MS) has been revealed to be advantageous at simultaneous measurement of compounds covering a broad polarity range. Previous studies have profiled the hydrophobic components, mainly aconite alkaloids and ginsenosides, in Shenfu Injection (SFI); however, the hydrophilic substances haven't been taken into account. In the present study, we aim to holistically characterize the hydrophilic constituents and to simultaneously quantitate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components in SFI. A strategy integrating predefined multiple reaction monitoring, step-wise multiple ion monitoring, and enhanced product ion scans was proposed to universally screen the hydrophilic substances using a hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Structural identification was carried out by comparing with authentic compounds, analyzing MS(2) spectra, and referring to accessible databases (e.g., MassBank, METLIN and HMDB). A total of 157 hydrophilic compounds were detected from SFI, and 154 ones were identified as amino acids, nucleosides, organic acid, carbohydrates, etc. A column-switching HILIC-RPLC-MS/MS system was developed and validated for simultaneously quantitative analysis of 40 primary hydrophilic and hydrophobic ingredients in SFI, including eleven amino acids, nine nucleosides, nine aconite alkaloids, and eleven ginsenosides. Taken together, the findings obtained could provide meaningful information for comprehensively understanding the chemical composition and offer a reliable approach for the quality control of SFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelin Song
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China; Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, China
| | - Shepo Shi
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yunfang Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Pengfei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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19
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Song Q, Song Y, Zhang N, Li J, Jiang Y, Zhang K, Zhang Q, Tu P. Potential of hyphenated ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-scheduled multiple reaction monitoring algorithm for large-scale quantitative analysis of traditional Chinese medicines. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09429a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of a core–shell ADME column with a sMRM algorithm offers the potential for large-scale quantitative analysis of the components in TCMs by providing not only high quality quantitative signals but also reliable MS2 spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Song
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica
| | - Yuelin Song
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Na Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Kerong Zhang
- Application Support Center
- AB SCIEX
- Shanghai 200233
- China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- China
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20
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Liu R, Wu Y, Cheng M, Gu P, Zheng L, Liu Y, Ma P, Ding L. Pharmacokinetics and safety of the multiple constituents of Shuanghua Baihe tablets in healthy subjects. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18665j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is the first clinical study to investigate the pharmacokinetics and safety of the multiple constituents of Shuanghua Baihe tablets in humans by LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
- Nanjing Clinical Tech Laboratories Inc
| | - Yao Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
- Nanjing Clinical Tech Laboratories Inc
| | - Minlu Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
- Nanjing Clinical Tech Laboratories Inc
| | - Pan Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
- Nanjing Clinical Tech Laboratories Inc
| | - Lu Zheng
- Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group
- Taizhou 225321
- China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group
- Taizhou 225321
- China
| | - Pengcheng Ma
- Institute of Dermatology
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Nanjing 210042
- China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
- Nanjing Clinical Tech Laboratories Inc
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