Selective One-Pot Cascade Synthesis of N-Substituted Highly Functionalized Pyrroles from Unprotected Sugars, Primary Amines, and Oxoacetonitriles

A one-pot, three-component cascade reaction between unprotected sugars, primary amines, and 3-oxoacetonitriles gave N-substituted 2,3,5-functionalized pyrroles or N-substituted 2,3,4-functionalized pyrroles in excellent yields and selectivities. The selectivity of the reaction was achieved by simple control of the sequence of substrate addition. The reaction showed a wide substrate scope, and various types of sugars, primary amines, and oxoacetonitriles reacted smoothly. The work demonstrates a highly desired simple reaction for embedding nitrogen into sugars to produce valuable N-heterocyclic compounds that are amenable to further modifications to natural products and drug intermediates.

Recent Advances in Utilization of Deep Eutectic Solvents: An Environmentally Friendly Pathway for Multi-component Synthesis

Abstract:

With the increasing analysis of saving environment, the researchers demonstrated much effort to replace toxic chemicals with environmentally benign ones. Eutectic mixtures are those solvents that fulfill the criteria of green solvents. The synthesis of organic compounds in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries makes it necessary to find unconventional solvents that cause no harmful impact on health parameters. This review showed that using deep eutectic mixture-based solvents to overcome the hazardous effects of harmful volatile organic solvents over the past few years has gained much more appeal. In most applications, deep eutectic mixtures aRecent Advances in Utilization of Deep Eutectic Solvents: An Environmentally Friendly Pathway for Multi-component Synthesisre used for a solvent or co- solvent role, as they are easy to use, easy dissolution of reactants, and non-evaporative nature. However, deep eutectic mixtures have also been investigated as catalysts, and this dual functionality has much scope in the future, as a significantly less range of deep eutectic mixtures is utilized for this.

Transition-metal-free synthesis of polysubstituted pyrrole derivatives via cyclization of methyl isocyanoacetate with aurone analogues

A transition-metal-free, operationally simple and atom-economic protocol that converts isocyanoacetates and aurones to 2,3,4-trisubstituted pyrroles catalyzed by NaOH was presented.

A green and efficient method for the synthesis of pyrroles using a deep eutectic solvent ([CholineCl][ZnCl2]3) under solvent-free sonication

A green and efficient method for Paal–Knorr pyrrole synthesis has been developed under mild conditions.

A multicomponent pathway-inspired regioselective synthesis of 2,3,4-trisubstituted 1H-pyrroles via [3+2] cycloaddition reaction

An operationally simple, functional group tolerant and highly efficient domino protocol for the synthesis of pyrroles has been developed.

Recent advances in multicomponent reactions involving carbohydrates

Being an attractive class of naturally occurring molecules with fascinating properties, sugars and their derivatives have wide applications in different fields especially in drug discovery.

Deep eutectic solvent: a simple, environmentally benign reaction media for regioselective synthesis of 2,3,4-trisubstituted 1H-pyrroles

A greener, rapid and highly efficient synthetic protocol for the construction of pyrroles has been achieved.

Recent advances in the application of deep eutectic solvents as sustainable media as well as catalysts in organic reactions

This review highlights the recent advances using deep eutectic solvents (DESs), deep eutectic ionic liquids (DEILs), low-melting mixtures (LMMs) or low transition temperature mixtures (LTTMs) as green media as well as catalysts in organic reactions.