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Vaddypally S, Byrne AN, Goldsmith CF, Zdilla MJ, Kiselev VG. Metal-Free Reversible Double Cyclization of Cyanuric Diazide to an Asymmetric Bitetrazolate via Cleavage of the Six-Membered Aromatic Ring. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:2322-2326. [PMID: 38262914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Crystallization of the reaction mixture of 2-amino-4,6-diazido-1,3,5-triazine and excess tert-butylamine results in the isolation of tert-butylammonium N,N-[1'H-(1,5'-bitetrazol)-5-yl]cyanamidate, suggesting a complex decyclization/cyclization rearrangement involving breakage of the six-membered aromatic ring and the formation of two new five-membered azole rings mediated by deprotonation of the precursor by the amine. The addition of tert-butylamine to 2-amino-4,6-diazido-1,3,5-triazine gives spectroscopic indication of thermodynamically unfavorable reactivity in low-dielectric solvents, and high-level quantum chemical computations also suggest its formation to be unfavorable. A computed interconversion pathway describes the likely reaction mechanism and supports the general thermodynamic unfavorability of the reaction and the requirement for a high-dielectric environment to template formation of the ionic product and its trapping by crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaiah Vaddypally
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Alex N Byrne
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - C Franklin Goldsmith
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Michael J Zdilla
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Vitaly G Kiselev
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
- Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Olejniczak A, Katrusiak A, Podsiadło M, Katrusiak A. Stochastic hydration of a high-nitro-gen-content molecular compound recrystallized under pressure. IUCRJ 2022; 9:49-54. [PMID: 35059209 PMCID: PMC8733875 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252521010381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Partial hydration of organic compounds can be achieved by high-pressure crystallization. This has been demonstrated for the high-nitro-gen-content compound 6-chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine (C4H2N5Cl), which becomes partly hydrated by isochoric crystallizations below 0.15 GPa. This hydrate, C4H2N5Cl·xH2O, is isostructural with the ambient-pressure phase α of C4H2N5Cl, but the crystal volume is somewhat larger than that of the anhydrate. At 0.20 GPa, the α-C4H2N5Cl anhydrate phase transforms abruptly into a new higher-symmetry phase, α'; the transformation is clearly visible due to a strong contraction of the crystals. The hydrate α-C4H2N5Cl·xH2O can also be isothermally compressed up to 0.30 GPa before transforming to the α'-C4H2N5Cl·xH2O phase. The isochoric recrystallization of C4H2N5Cl above 0.18 GPa yields a new anhydrous phase β, which, on releasing pressure, transforms back to the α phase below 0.15 GPa. The structural transition from the α to the β phase is destructive for the single crystal and involves a large volume drop and significant elongation of all the shortest intermolecular distances which are the CH⋯N and CH⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, as well as the N⋯N contacts. The α-to-α' phase transition increases the crystal symmetry in the subgroup relation; however, there are no structural nor symmetry relations between phases α and β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Olejniczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań 61-614, Poland
| | - Anna Katrusiak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, Poznań 60-780, Poland
| | - Marcin Podsiadło
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań 61-614, Poland
| | - Andrzej Katrusiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań 61-614, Poland
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Vaddypally S, Kiselev VG, Byrne AN, Goldsmith CF, Zdilla MJ. Transition-metal-mediated reduction and reversible double-cyclization of cyanuric triazide to an asymmetric bitetrazolate involving cleavage of the six-membered aromatic ring. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2268-2275. [PMID: 34163993 PMCID: PMC8179262 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04949b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanuric triazide reacts with several transition metal precursors, extruding one equivalent of N2 and reducing the putative diazidotriazeneylnitrene species by two electrons, which rearranges to N-(1'H-[1,5'-bitetrazol]-5-yl)methanediiminate (biTzI2-) dianionic ligand, which ligates the metal and dimerizes, and is isolated from pyridine as [M(biTzI)]2Py6 (M = Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni). Reagent scope, product analysis, and quantum chemical calculations were combined to elucidate the mechanism of formation as a two-electron reduction preceding ligand rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vitaly G Kiselev
- School of Engineering, Brown University 184 Hope St. Providence RI 02912 USA .,Novosibirsk State University 1 Pirogova Str. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia.,Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS 3 Institutskaya Str. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia.,Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS 4 Kosygina Str. 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Alex N Byrne
- Temple University 1901 N. 13th St. Philadelphia PA 19122 USA
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Olejniczak A, Katrusiak A, Podsiadło M, Katrusiak A. Crystal design by CH...N and N...N interactions: high-pressure structures of high-nitrogen-content azido-triazolopyridazines compounds. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2020; 76:1136-1142. [PMID: 33289725 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520620014493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High-nitrogen-content compounds 6-azido-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine (C5H3N7) and its 3-methyl derivative (C6H5N7) have been in situ crystallized in a diamond-anvil cell and their structures determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Under ambient and high-pressure conditions the crystallizations yield the same phases: the C5H3N7 anhydrate and C6H5N7 hydrated clathrate. In both the structures there are clearly distinguished regions of short CH...N and N...N intermolecular contacts, the latter involving exclusively the azide groups. High pressure initially increases the contents of water in the channel pores of the clathrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Olejniczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Anna Katrusiak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, Poznań, 60-780, Poland
| | - Marcin Podsiadło
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Andrzej Katrusiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
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Yegorova TV, Kysil AI, Dyakonenko VV, Levkov IV, Karbovska RV, Shishkina SV, Voitenko ZV. Azido-tetrazole isomerism in 2,2-dimethyl-1-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazolo[5,1-a]isoindol-5-yl)propan-1-one. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Recent investigations and applications of azidoazomethine-tetrazole tautomeric equilibrium (microreview). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-019-02574-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Kulikov AS, Epishina MA, Fershtat LL, Romanova AA, Makhova NN. Effective synthesis of 6-substituted 7H-tetrazolo[5,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazines via a one-pot condensation/nitrosation/azide-tetrazole tautomerism reaction sequence. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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The azide/tetrazole equilibrium: an investigation in the series of furo- and thieno[2,3-e]tetrazolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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