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Doan VTC, Dao TM, Huynh TA, Nguyen TT, Tran PH. A simple and efficient synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from carbohydrates using acidic ionic liquid grafted on silica gel. RSC Adv 2024; 14:17480-17490. [PMID: 38818357 PMCID: PMC11137499 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02487g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The catalytic application of 3-(4-sulfobutyl)-1H-imidazole-3-ium chloride immobilized on activated silica gel (SiO2-Imi-SO3H) for the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural is described here for the first time. This material was synthesized using a three-step method involving the grafting of chloropropyl groups onto activated silica gel, the substitution of zwitterions, and the acidification of zwitterions to form silica-supported ionic liquid. The successful immobilization of the IL on silica gel was confirmed through energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental mapping. SiO2-Imi-SO3H-2 demonstrated good catalytic activity and recycling ability in fructose dehydration to 5-HMF. Several conditions for reaction were investigated, and an excellent 5-HMF yield (94.1%) was obtained after 4 h at 160 °C in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) from fructose. Furthermore, a mechanism was proposed, the catalyst's reusability was investigated, and the catalyst was applied for the conversion of glucose to 5-HMF with other metal salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Thanh Chau Doan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Thong Minh Dao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Thu Anh Huynh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - The Thai Nguyen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Phuong Hoang Tran
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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2
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Deshan AK, Moghaddam L, Atanda L, Wang H, Bartley JP, Doherty WO, Rackemann DW. High Conversion of Concentrated Sugars to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural over a Metal-free Carbon Catalyst: Role of Glucose-Fructose Dimers. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:40442-40455. [PMID: 37929081 PMCID: PMC10620938 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the production cost of chemicals from renewable resources, the feedstock loading must be high and the catalyst must be of low cost and efficient. In this study, at a very short reaction time of 10 min at 125 °C, concentrated sugar solutions (20 wt %, 101 wt % on solvent) were converted to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) over a cotton gin trash (CGT)-derived sulfonated carbon catalyst in a 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF) biphasic system. We report, for the first time, that the presence of glucose either as a covalently bonded monomer in sucrose or in a mixture with fructose achieved yields of HMF up to 62 mol % compared to a value of only 39 mol % obtained with fructose on its own. In the concentrated reaction medium, glucose, fructose, and sucrose molecules produce difructose anhydrides, dimers/reversion products, and sucrose isomers. The glucose-fructose dimers formed in sucrose and glucose/fructose reaction systems play a critical role in the transformation of the sugars to a higher-than-expected HMF yield. Thus, a strategy of using cellulosic glucose, where it is partially converted to fructose content and the high sugar concentration sugar mixture is then converted to HMF, should be exploited for future biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athukoralalage
Don K. Deshan
- Centre
for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland
University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Lalehvash Moghaddam
- Centre
for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland
University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Luqman Atanda
- Centre
for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland
University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Hongxia Wang
- School
of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - John P. Bartley
- School
of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - William O.S. Doherty
- Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross
University, Lismore, New South Wales 2480, Australia
- Doherty
Consulting Services, 3 Lillydale, Place, Calamvale, Brisbane, Queensland 4116, Australia
| | - Darryn W. Rackemann
- Centre
for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland
University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
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3
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Yin CY, El-Harbawi M, Jiang ZT. Life Cycle Assessment of Production of Hydrochar via Hydrothermal Carbonization of Date Palm Fronds Biomass. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6653. [PMID: 37895634 PMCID: PMC10608159 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
This study presents novel life cycle assessment (LCA) findings on hydrochar production from Saudi-Arabia-based date palm fronds biomass waste using hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). The LCA procedure incorporated normalization, weighting, and improvement assessment. The system boundary encompassed water consumption and energy requirements within a lab setting representing a gate-to-gate process. The OpenLCA 1.11.0 software with the European Life Cycle Database 3.2 (ELCD 3.2) was utilized for the study and we employed the ReCiPe Midpoint (H) 2016 and Environmental Footprint 3.0 (EF 3.0) impact assessment methods. The results indicated that fossil fuel usage represented the most significant impact category with the HTC and drying processes identified as major contributors. It was also observed that the HTC process exerted far greater detrimental impacts on the environment than the biomass grinding process. The overwhelming impact of fossil fuel resources could be mitigated by optimizing the batches of biomass or hydrochar samples in each operation, which could alleviate fossil fuel consumption by up to 94%. The findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions to mitigate the environmental burden and contribute to sustainable hydrochar production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Yin
- Newcastle University in Singapore, 537 Clementi Road #06-01, SIT Building @ Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599493, Singapore
| | - Mohanad El-Harbawi
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhong-Tao Jiang
- Surface Analysis and Materials Engineering Research Group, School of Mathematics, Statistics, Chemistry and Physics, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Murdoch University, 90 South St., Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
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4
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El-Harbawi M, Alhawtali S, Al-Awadi AS, El Blidi L, Alrashed MM, Alzobidi A, Yin CY. Synthesis of Carbon Microspheres from Inedible Crystallized Date Palm Molasses: Influence of Temperature and Reaction Time. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1672. [PMID: 36837301 PMCID: PMC9963818 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, carbon microspheres (CMs) were prepared by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of inedible crystallized date palm molasses. The effects of temperature and reaction time on the prepared materials were studied. Experiments were carried out at different temperatures (180, 200, 230 and 250 °C) with reaction times ranging from 2 to 10 h. It was found that temperature had the greatest influence on the mass yield of the CMs. No solid products were observed at a temperature of 180 °C and a reaction time less than 2 h. The highest yield was found to be 40.4% at 250 °C and a reaction time of 6 h. The results show that the CMs produced were approximately 5-9 μm in diameter. The results also show that the largest diameter of the CMs (8.9 μm) was obtained at a temperature of 250 °C and a reaction time of 6 h. Nonetheless, if the reaction time was extended beyond 6 h at 250 °C, the CMs fused and their shapes were deformed (non-spherical shapes). The synthesized materials were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Branuer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). BET surface areas for the four samples were found to be less than 1 m2/g. The methylene blue adsorption studies indicated that the equilibrium adsorption capacity was reached after 15 min, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 12 mg/g. The recycling of date palm molasses (a known processed waste) to generate a useable carbon microsphere represents a beneficial step in the application of sustainable processing industries in the Middle East.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanad El-Harbawi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alhawtali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrhman S. Al-Awadi
- K.A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center in Riyadh, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lahssen El Blidi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maher M. Alrashed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alzobidi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chun-Yang Yin
- Newcastle University in Singapore, 537 Clementi Road #06-01, SIT Building @ Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599493, Singapore
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5
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Lin Y, Yu J, Zhang X, Fang J, Lu GP, Huang H. Carbohydrate-derived porous carbon materials: An ideal platform for green organic synthesis. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Li Q, Lin H, Zhang S, Yuan X, Gholizadeh M, Wang Y, Xiang J, Hu S, Hu X. Co-hydrothermal carbonization of swine manure and cellulose: Influence of mutual interaction of intermediates on properties of the products. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148134. [PMID: 34118669 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Co-hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of livestock manure and biomass might improve the fuel properties of the hydrochar due to the high reactivity of the biomass-derived intermediates with the abundant oxygen-containing functionalities. However, the complicated compositions make it difficult to explicit the specific roles of the individual components of biomass played in the co-HTC process. In this study, cellulose was used for co-HTC with swine manure to investigate the influence on the properties of the hydrochar. The yield of hydrochar obtained from co-HTC reduced gradually with the cellulose proportion increased, and the solid yield was lower than the theoretical value. This was because the cellulose-derived intermediates favored the stability of the fragments from hydrolysis of swine manure. The increased temperature resulted in the reduction of the hydrochar yield whereas the prolonged time enhanced the formation of solid product. The interaction of the co-HTC intermediates facilitated the formation of O-containing species, thus making the solid more oxygen- and hydrogen-rich with a higher volatility. In addition, the co-HTC affected the evolution of functionalities like -OH and CO during the thermal treatment of the hydrochar and altered its morphology by stuffing the pores from swine manure-derived solid with the microspheres from HTC of cellulose. The interaction of the varied intermediates also impacted the formation of amines, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, aromatics and the polymeric products in distinct ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyin Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Haisheng Lin
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiangzhou Yuan
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mortaza Gholizadeh
- Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Song Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xun Hu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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7
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Lawagon CP, Faungnawakij K, Srinives S, Thongratkaew S, Chaipojjana K, Smuthkochorn A, Srisrattha P, Charinpanitkul T. Sulfonated graphene oxide from petrochemical waste oil for efficient conversion of fructose into levulinic acid. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Hoang Huy VP, Ahn YN, Hur J. Recent Advances in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Cathode Materials for Aqueous Rechargeable Multivalent Metal-Ion Batteries. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1517. [PMID: 34201136 PMCID: PMC8229149 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The generation of renewable energy is a promising solution to counter the rapid increase in energy consumption. Nevertheless, the availability of renewable resources (e.g., wind, solar, and tidal) is non-continuous and temporary in nature, posing new demands for the production of next-generation large-scale energy storage devices. Because of their low cost, highly abundant raw materials, high safety, and environmental friendliness, aqueous rechargeable multivalent metal-ion batteries (AMMIBs) have recently garnered immense attention. However, several challenges hamper the development of AMMIBs, including their narrow electrochemical stability, poor ion diffusion kinetics, and electrode instability. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been extensively investigated for applications in energy storage devices because of their distinct chemical and physical properties. The wide interlayer distance of layered TMDs is an appealing property for ion diffusion and intercalation. This review focuses on the most recent advances in TMDs as cathode materials for aqueous rechargeable batteries based on multivalent charge carriers (Zn2+, Mg2+, and Al3+). Through this review, the key aspects of TMD materials for high-performance AMMIBs are highlighted. Furthermore, additional suggestions and strategies for the development of improved TMDs are discussed to inspire new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jaehyun Hur
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi, Korea; (V.P.H.H.); (Y.N.A.)
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9
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Belkharchach S, Ighachane H, Rochdi A, Ait Ali M, Lazrek HB. One-pot Synthesis of Benzimidazoles Using H 2SO 4@HTC as Catalyst. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2021.1873066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumia Belkharchach
- Laboratory of Biomolecular and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Hana Ighachane
- Laboratory of Biomolecular and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdelali Rochdi
- Laboratory of Biomolecular and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Ait Ali
- Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Hassan B. Lazrek
- Laboratory of Biomolecular and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Marrakech, Morocco
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10
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Delgado Martin G, Bounoukta CE, Ammari F, Domínguez MI, Monzón A, Ivanova S, Centeno MÁ. Fructose dehydration reaction over functionalized nanographitic catalysts in MIBK/H2O biphasic system. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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11
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Xia K, Yu S, Li Y, Han H, Duan L, Hou Z, Liu X. The surface carboxyl group of carbonaceous microspheres effects on the synthesis and structure of SiOC ceramics. Ann Ital Chir 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Chen B, Peng Z, Li C, Feng Y, Sun Y, Tang X, Zeng X, Lin L. Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Furanic Derivatives with Deep Eutectic Solvents. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:1496-1506. [PMID: 33576193 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biomass is the only renewable organic carbon resource in nature, and the transformation of abundant biomass into various chemicals has received immense spotlight. As a novel generation of designer solvents, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been widely used in biorefinery due to their excellent properties including low cost, easy preparation, and biodegradability. Although there have been some reports summarizing the performance of DESs for the transformation of biomass into various chemicals, few Reviews illuminate the relationship between the functional structure of DESs and catalytic conversion of biomass. Hence, this Minireview comprehensively summarizes the effects of the types of functional groups in DESs on catalytic conversion of biomass into furanic derivatives, such as carboxylic acid-based hydrogen-bond donors (HBDs), carbohydrate-based HBDs, polyalcohol-based HBDs, amine/amide-based HBDs, spatial structure of HBDs, and various hydrogen-bond acceptors (HBAs). It also further summarizes the effects of adding different additives into the DESs on the synthesis of high value-added chemicals, including water, liquid inorganic acids, Lewis acids, heteropoly acids, and typical solid acids. Moreover, current challenges and prospects for the application of DESs in biomass conversion are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglin Chen
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqing Peng
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, P.R. China
| | - Chuang Li
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, P.R. China
| | - Yunchao Feng
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, P.R. China
| | - Yong Sun
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, P.R. China
- Fujian Engineering and Research Centre of Clean and High-valued Technologies for Biomass, Xiamen, 361102, P.R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-valued Utilization for Biomass, Xiamen, 361102, P.R. China
| | - Xing Tang
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, P.R. China
- Fujian Engineering and Research Centre of Clean and High-valued Technologies for Biomass, Xiamen, 361102, P.R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-valued Utilization for Biomass, Xiamen, 361102, P.R. China
| | - Xianhai Zeng
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, P.R. China
- Fujian Engineering and Research Centre of Clean and High-valued Technologies for Biomass, Xiamen, 361102, P.R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-valued Utilization for Biomass, Xiamen, 361102, P.R. China
| | - Lu Lin
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, P.R. China
- Fujian Engineering and Research Centre of Clean and High-valued Technologies for Biomass, Xiamen, 361102, P.R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-valued Utilization for Biomass, Xiamen, 361102, P.R. China
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Chaudhary K, Bhakuni K, Mogha NK, Venkatesu P, Masram DT. Sustainable Solvothermal Conversion of Waste Biomass to Functional Carbon Material: Extending Its Utility as a Biocompatible Cosolvent for Lysozyme. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4881-4892. [PMID: 33455285 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Functional carbon material synthesis from waste biomass by a sustainable method is of prime importance and has wide variety of applications. Herein, functional carbon materials with structural variability are synthesized using a well-known solvothermal method. The leftover pulp waste biomass (PB) of citrus limetta is converted to functional carbon by treatment with a mixture of choline bitartrate (ChBt) and FeCl3 (1:2 mol ratio) as a solvent. The biomass to solvent ratio is varied as 1:1, 0.8:1, and 0.4:1 during solvothermal treatment to obtain PB-1, PB-2, and PB-3 as functional carbon materials, respectively. On characterization, PB carbon materials were found to be rich in oxygen-containing functional groups possessing different morphologies. Furthermore, results suggested the role of solvent as a soft template and catalyst during the synthesis of carbon materials. The feasibility of synthesized carbon materials as a biocompatible cosolvent for lysozyme was evaluated. In the case of PB-2 material (synthesized using 0.8:1 biomass to solvent ratio), results show an enhancement of lysozyme activity by 150%. Besides, spectroscopic and calorimetric data confirm the preservation of thermal and structural stability of lysozyme in the PB-2 solution. Thus, this study stipulates PB-2 as an excellent cosolvent for protein studies. With this work, we aim to delve into an entirely new arena of applications of biomass in the field of biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Kavya Bhakuni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | | | | | - Dhanraj T Masram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
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14
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Chaudhary K, Mogha NK, Lalwani S, Sharma RK, Masram DT. Ruthenium oxide nanoparticles immobilized over Citrus limetta waste derived carbon material for electrochemical detection of hexestrol. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:7956-7965. [PMID: 32756674 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hexestrol is a non-steroidal estrogen which causes carcinogenic effects in animals. It is therefore important to develop sensitive and selective test methods for its early detection. Herein, we report the development of an electrochemical sensor to detect hexestrol in ultralow concentrations. In order to devise a simple and cost-effective hexestrol sensing electrode, attention is paid to the development of biomass-derived porous carbon (PCB) with large surface area and suitable porosity to immobilize ruthenium oxide nanoparticles (RuO2 NPs, 3-4 nm). The leftover Citrus limetta pulp is chosen as waste biomass since it has N and O based chemical species. Structural, morphological and compositional analysis of PCB and RuO2@PCB revealed well-dispersed RuO2 NPs over the PCB surface. High loading (5.27 at%) of Ru content is achieved due to the large surface area of PCB. Cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and differential pulse voltammetry results suggest that the RuO2@PCB/ITO electrode is capable of detecting hexestrol concentration (in the range of 1 × 10-7-2 × 10-5 M). The practical application of hexestrol detection in milk samples demonstrates the recovery from 96.28 to 101%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India.
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15
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Efficient and selective catalytic N-Alkylation of pyrimidine by ammonium Sulfate@Hydro-thermal carbone under eco-friendly conditions. J CHEM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-020-01776-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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16
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McNulty D, Landgraf V, Trabesinger S. Simplifying the synthesis of carbon inverse opals. RSC Adv 2020; 10:24108-24114. [PMID: 35517340 PMCID: PMC9055082 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03693e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon inverse opals (IOs) were prepared via a facile synthesis approach using a sucrose-based precursor and polystyrene (PS) spheres as a sacrificial template. During IO preparation, polymer spheres are typically removed by dispersion in organic solvents, such as toluene or tetrahydrofuran. In this study, carbon IOs are prepared with and without removal of PS spheres by toluene to determine the influence of template removal prior to high-temperature treatment on the morphology and chemistry of the resulting carbons. Properties of samples are compared through a systematic investigation by electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. We demonstrate that a commonly used processing step—polymer sphere template chemical removal—does not make any significant difference to the IO morphology. A correlation of Raman spectroscopy with SEM imaging and TGA analysis indicates that carbon IOs prepared without the solvent-treatment step are more ordered than samples prepared with this processing step. The key finding of this report is the simplified IO synthesis procedure, which can be adapted to the preparation of IOs of other materials besides carbon. A simplified synthesis method to prepare carbon inverse opals is presented, which is applicable to other inverse opal materials.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- David McNulty
- Battery Electrodes and Cells, Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland +41 56 310 57 75
| | - Victor Landgraf
- Battery Electrodes and Cells, Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland +41 56 310 57 75
| | - Sigita Trabesinger
- Battery Electrodes and Cells, Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland +41 56 310 57 75
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Guo H, Abe Y, Qi X, Smith Jr RL. Bifunctional carbon Ni/NiO nanofiber catalyst based on 5-sulfosalicylic acid for conversion of C5/C6 carbohydrates into ethyl levulinate. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00153h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A method was developed for preparing bifunctional carbon Ni/NiO nanofiber catalysts that promote efficient one-pot conversion of C5/C6 carbohydrates into levulinate esters in alcohol solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Guo
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8579
- Japan
| | - Yuya Abe
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8579
- Japan
| | - Xinhua Qi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300350
- China
| | - Richard Lee Smith Jr
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8579
- Japan
- Research Center of Supercritical Fluid Technology
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18
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Yang L, Yuan H, Wang S, He J, Yan N. Concave carbon-microsphere-based solid acid catalysts for transesterification and epoxidation. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2019.1677627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission Chemical Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
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19
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20
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Li X, Wang Y, Xie X, Huang C, Yang S. Dehydration of fructose, sucrose and inulin to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over yeast-derived carbonaceous microspheres at low temperatures. RSC Adv 2019; 9:9041-9048. [PMID: 35517693 PMCID: PMC9062061 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10465d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work prepared carbonaceous microspheres by hydrothermal carbonization of yeast cells followed by sulfonation with concentrated sulphuric acid (98%) at room temperature. The obtained carbonaceous product (CM-SO3H) had a high acid density (1.80 mmol g−1). We evaluated CM-SO3H as a solid catalyst for the dehydration of fructose-based carbohydrates to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM][Cl]). The effects of the catalyst and substrate loadings as well as the reaction temperature and time on the yield of 5-HMF were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, a 5-HMF yield of up to 83.5% was obtained from fructose with a reaction temperature of 80 °C for 30 min. Furthermore, 44.8% and 59.2% 5-HMF yields were obtained from sucrose (80 °C for 30 min) and inulin (80 °C for 60 min), respectively. CM-SO3H and [BMIM][Cl] showed high stability and could be recycled between five and eight times without significant loss of catalytic activity. More importantly, the catalytic system could be applied to high substrate concentrations. CM-SO3H combined with [BMIM][Cl] is a promising system for transforming fructose-based carbohydrates into 5-HMF. This work prepared carbonaceous microspheres by hydrothermal carbonization of yeast cells followed by sulfonation with concentrated sulphuric acid (98%) at room temperature.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100193
- P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100193
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100193
- P. R. China
| | - Changhong Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100193
- P. R. China
| | - Sen Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100193
- P. R. China
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21
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Sun X, Yu W, Yan J, Li J, Jin G, Feng J, Guo Z, Liang X. Mesoporous silica-carbon composites fabricated by a universal strategy of hydrothermal carbonization: controllable synthesis and applications. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27207-27215. [PMID: 35539972 PMCID: PMC9083348 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04641g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous silica-carbon composite materials, with homogeneous and thickness-controllable carbon coating, were synthesized by using a universal strategy of hydrothermal carbonization, and the carbon layer could be coated on the surface of ordered and disordered mesoporous silica. The electrostatic interaction between amino-modified silica and hydrothermal carbon was regarded as the main driving force for the formation of homogeneous carbon coverage on the silica surface. The obtained composites showed high graphitization degree, and controlled morphology (shape and particle size) and pore size by adjusting the species of carriers and hydrothermal conditions. The application results demonstrated that a thin carbon layer possessed high adsorption capacities for dyes, and the composite could be rapidly recovered by sedimentation (10 min) after adsorption with 30 μm spherical silica gel as the carrier. Besides, baseline chromatographic separation of oligosaccharide isomers could be achieved on the silica-carbon column. These results indicated that the silica-carbon composites should be promising functional materials for the large-molecule-involving processes such as adsorption and chromatographic separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xitong Sun
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Wei Yu
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100149 China
| | - Gaowa Jin
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Jiatao Feng
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
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22
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Donar YO, Bilge S, Sınağ A, Pliekhov O. TiO2
/Carbon Materials Derived from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Waste Biomass: A Highly Efficient, Low-Cost Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalyst. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Osman Donar
- Department of Chemistry; Ankara University; 06100, Beşevler Ankara Turkey
| | - Selva Bilge
- Department of Chemistry; Ankara University; 06100, Beşevler Ankara Turkey
| | - Ali Sınağ
- Department of Chemistry; Ankara University; 06100, Beşevler Ankara Turkey
| | - Oleksii Pliekhov
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology; National Institute of Chemistry; SI-1001 Hajdrihova 19 Ljubljana Slovenia
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23
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Yu X, Peng L, Gao X, He L, Chen K. One-step fabrication of carbonaceous solid acid derived from lignosulfonate for the synthesis of biobased furan derivatives. RSC Adv 2018; 8:15762-15772. [PMID: 35539460 PMCID: PMC9080275 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02056f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An eco-friendly and low-cost lignosulfonate-based acidic carbonaceous catalyst (LS-SO3H) was effectively fabricated using the sulfite pulping by-product of sodium lignosulfonate as a precursor by facile one-step simultaneous carbonization and sulfonation, and employed for the synthesis of promising biofuel furan derivatives from biorenewable feedstocks. The catalyst preparation conditions significantly affected the preparation and properties of LS-SO3H. A relatively high catalyst preparation yield (40.4%) with strong –SO3H density (1.33 mmol g−1) were achieved when the lignosulfonate was treated in concentrated H2SO4 solution at 120 °C for 6 h. The preparation yield of LS-SO3H was nearly twice as much as that of one-step prepared catalyst using alkaline lignin (another technical lignin from pulping) as a precursor. The as-prepared LS-SO3H had similar textural characteristics to the frequently-used two-step prepared carbonaceous catalyst involving pyrolysis carbonization and sulfonation. LS-SO3H was found to show good catalytic activity for the synthesis of 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) in ethanol medium, affording around 86%, 57% and 47% yields from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), fructose and inulin, respectively. Also, a high HMF yield of 83% could be obtained from fructose when DMSO was replaced as reaction medium. The used LS-SO3H was readily recovered by filtration, and remained active in recycle runs. An easy-prepared and bio-supported lignosulfonate-based acidic carbonaceous catalyst was developed for the synthesis of promising furan biofuels from biorenewable feedstocks.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- PR China
| | - Lincai Peng
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- PR China
| | - Xueying Gao
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- PR China
| | - Liang He
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- PR China
| | - Keli Chen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- PR China
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24
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Wang Q, Hao J, Zhao Z. Microwave-Assisted Conversion of Fructose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Using Sulfonated Porous Carbon Derived from Biomass. Aust J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/ch17154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a series of sulfonated carbon solid acid catalysts was prepared by a template method using fructose as the carbon source and zinc chloride as the catalyst and template. The reaction involving fructose dehydration to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) was investigated using these catalysts with microwave assistance in dimethyl sulfoxide. The influence of different catalysts, catalyst amount, microwave power, fructose content, and reaction temperature, as well as the reusability of the catalyst, were investigated. The prepared catalysts were characterised by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurement, and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia gas, and the total numbers of surface acid sites of these carbon-based solid acid catalysts were analysed by chemical adsorption–desorption of ammonia along with the standard curve for ammonia. The results revealed that the C2-SO3H catalyst exhibited the best activity. A 5-HMF yield of 87 % and fructose conversion of 99 % were achieved at 170°C in DMSO after 3 min. The microwave-assisted synthetic strategy was advantageous compared with the traditional method because this approach could shorten the total reaction time.
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25
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Yue F, Zhang J, Pedersen CM, Wang Y, Zhao T, Wang P, Liu Y, Qian G, Qiao Y. Valorization of Furfural Residue by Hydrothermal Carbonization: Processing Optimization, Chemical and Structural Characterization. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201602026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fen Yue
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University; Shangda Road 99 Shanghai 200444 PR China
- Analytical Instrumentation Center; Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 27 South Taoyuan Road Taiyuan 030001 P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University; Shangda Road 99 Shanghai 200444 PR China
| | | | - Yingxiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 27 South Taoyuan Road Taiyuan 030001 P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Analytical Instrumentation Center; Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 27 South Taoyuan Road Taiyuan 030001 P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Analytical Instrumentation Center; Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 27 South Taoyuan Road Taiyuan 030001 P. R. China
| | - Yequn Liu
- Analytical Instrumentation Center; Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 27 South Taoyuan Road Taiyuan 030001 P. R. China
| | - Guangren Qian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University; Shangda Road 99 Shanghai 200444 PR China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Analytical Instrumentation Center; Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 27 South Taoyuan Road Taiyuan 030001 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 27 South Taoyuan Road Taiyuan 030001 P. R. China
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26
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Zhao J, Zhou C, He C, Dai Y, Jia X, Yang Y. Efficient dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over sulfonated carbon sphere solid acid catalysts. Catal Today 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Wang K, Jiang J, Xu J, Feng J, Wang J. Effective saccharification of holocellulose over multifunctional sulfonated char with fused ring structures under microwave irradiation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra28113j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The SC catalysts, bearing multifunctional groups in graphene-like fused ring structure, exhibit remarkable catalytic performance on saccharification of holocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- CAF
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Jiangsu Province of Biomass Energy and Materials Laboratory
- Nanjing
| | - Jianchun Jiang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- CAF
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Jiangsu Province of Biomass Energy and Materials Laboratory
- Nanjing
| | - Junming Xu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- CAF
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Jiangsu Province of Biomass Energy and Materials Laboratory
- Nanjing
| | - Junfeng Feng
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- CAF
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Jiangsu Province of Biomass Energy and Materials Laboratory
- Nanjing
| | - Jingxin Wang
- Divison of Forestry and Natural Resources
- West Virginia University
- Morgantown
- USA
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28
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Hou Q, Li W, Ju M, Liu L, Chen Y, Yang Q. One-pot synthesis of sulfonated graphene oxide for efficient conversion of fructose into HMF. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23420h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfonated graphene oxide prepared through a one-pot method shows excellent catalytic performance for the dehydration of fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidong Hou
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- PR China
| | - Weizun Li
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- PR China
| | - Meiting Ju
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- PR China
| | - Le Liu
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- PR China
| | - Qian Yang
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- PR China
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