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Duan SF, Song L, Guo HY, Deng H, Huang X, Shen QK, Quan ZS, Yin XM. Research status of indole-modified natural products. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2535-2563. [PMID: 38107170 PMCID: PMC10718587 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00560g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Indole is a heterocyclic compound formed by the fusion of a benzene ring and pyrrole ring, which has rich biological activity. Many indole-containing compounds have been sold on the market due to their excellent pharmacological activity. For example, vincristine and reserpine have been widely used in clinical practice. The diverse structures and biological activities of natural products provide abundant resources for the development of new drugs. Therefore, this review classifies natural products by structure, and summarizes the research progress of indole-containing natural product derivatives, their biological activities, structure-activity relationship and research mechanism which has been studied in the past 13 years, so as to provide a basis for the development of new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Fang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University Yanji 133002 China +86 0433 243 6020 +86 0433 243 6019
| | - Lei Song
- Yanbian University Hospital, Yanbian University Yanji 133002 People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University Yanji 133002 China +86 0433 243 6020 +86 0433 243 6019
| | - Hao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University Yanji 133002 China +86 0433 243 6020 +86 0433 243 6019
| | - Xing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University Yanji 133002 China +86 0433 243 6020 +86 0433 243 6019
| | - Qing-Kun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University Yanji 133002 China +86 0433 243 6020 +86 0433 243 6019
| | - Zhe-Shan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University Yanji 133002 China +86 0433 243 6020 +86 0433 243 6019
| | - Xiu-Mei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University Yanji 133002 China +86 0433 243 6020 +86 0433 243 6019
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2
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Su D, Wei RY, Yan ZM, Zhong GH, Qin XQ, Huang ST, Long JY, Zhang FL, He P, Chen ZJ, Yan YQ, Jiang N, Tang WZ. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of antitumor activity of novel C-6 sulfhydryl-substituted and 20-substituted derivatives of celastrol. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:316-331. [PMID: 37156601 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Celastrol has been identified as a potential candidate for anticancer drug development. In this study, 28 novel celastrol derivatives with C-6 sulfhydryl substitution and 20-substitution were designed and synthesized, and their antiproliferative activity against human cancer cells and non-malignant human cells was evaluated, with cisplatin and celastrol being used as controls. The results showed that most of the derivatives had enhanced in vitro anticancer activity compared to the parent compound celastrol. Specifically, derivative 2f demonstrated the most potent inhibitory potential and selectivity against HOS with an IC50 value of 0.82 μM. Our study provides new insights into the structure-activity relationship of celastrol and suggests that compound 2f may be a promising drug candidate for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Su
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Yuan Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ming Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Hui Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Qing Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Tong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Juan-Yue Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Ling Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Ping He
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Ji Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Qian Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Neng Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Zhong Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, P.R. China
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Scaffold hopping of celastrol provides derivatives containing pepper ring, pyrazine and oxazole substructures as potent autophagy inducers against breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 234:114254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Khwaza V, Mlala S, Oyedeji OO, Aderibigbe BA. Pentacyclic Triterpenoids with Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Moiety, Privileged Hybrids in Anticancer Drug Discovery. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092401. [PMID: 33918996 PMCID: PMC8122576 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentacyclic triterpenoids are well-known phytochemicals with various biological activities commonly found in plants as secondary metabolites. The wide range of biological activities exhibited by triterpenoids has made them the most valuable sources of pharmacological agents. A number of novel triterpenoid derivatives with many skeletal modifications have been developed. The most important modifications are the formation of analogues or derivatives with nitrogen-containing heterocyclic scaffolds. The derivatives with nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds are among the most promising candidate for the development of novel therapeutic drugs. About 75% of FDA-approved drugs are nitrogen-containing heterocyclic moieties. The unique properties of heterocyclic compounds have encouraged many researchers to develop new triterpenoid analogous with pharmacological activities. In this review, we discuss recent advances of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic triterpenoids as potential therapeutic agents. This comprehensive review will assist medicinal chemists to understand new strategies that can result in the development of compounds with potential therapeutic efficacy.
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Bai X, Fu RJ, Zhang S, Yue SJ, Chen YY, Xu DQ, Tang YP. Potential medicinal value of celastrol and its synthesized analogues for central nervous system diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111551. [PMID: 33865016 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is a vital part of the human nervous system, and the incidence of CNS disease is increasing year by year, which has become a major public health problem and a prominent social problem. At present, the drugs most commonly used in the clinic are receptor regulators, and neurotransmitter inhibitors, but they are accompanied by serious side effects. Therefore, the identification of new drugs and treatment strategies for CNS disease has been a research hotspot in the medical field. Celastrol, a highly bio-active pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F, has been proved to have a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammation, immunosuppression, anti-obesity and anti-tumor activity. However, due to its poor water solubility, low bioavailability and toxicity, the clinical development and trials of celastrol have been postponed. However, in recent years, the extensive medical value of celastrol in the treatment of CNS diseases such as nervous system tumors, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has gradually attracted intensive attention worldwide. In particular, celastrol has non-negligible anti-tumor efficacy, and as there are no 100% effective anti-tumor drugs, the study of its structural modification to obtain better leading compounds with higher efficiency and lower toxicity has aroused strong interest in pharmaceutical chemists. In this review, research progress on celastrol in CNS diseases and the synthesis of celastrol-type triterpenoid analogues and their application evaluation in disease models, such as CNS diseases and autotoxicity-related target organ cancers in the past decade are summarized in detail, in order to provide reference for future better application in the treatment of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rui-Jia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine (Guang'anmen Hospital), Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shi-Jun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ding-Qiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi Province, China.
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6
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Lu Y, Liu Y, Zhou J, Li D, Gao W. Biosynthesis, total synthesis, structural modifications, bioactivity, and mechanism of action of the quinone-methide triterpenoid celastrol. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:1022-1060. [PMID: 33174200 DOI: 10.1002/med.21751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Celastrol, a quinone-methide triterpenoid, was extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. in 1936 for the first time. Almost 70 years later, it is considered one of the molecules most likely to be developed into modern drugs, as it exhibits notable bioactivity, including anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity, and exerts antiobesity effects. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying its bioactivity are being widely studied, which offers new avenues for its development as a pharmaceutical reagent. Owing to its potential therapeutic effects and unique chemical structure, celastrol has attracted considerable interest in the fields of organic, biosynthesis, and medicinal chemistry. As several steps in the biosynthesis of celastrol have been revealed, the mechanisms of key enzymes catalyzing the formation and postmodifications of the celastrol scaffold have been gradually elucidated, which lays a good foundation for the future heterogeneous biosynthesis of celastrol. Chemical synthesis is also an effective approach to obtain celastrol. The total synthesis of celastrol was realized for the first time in 2015, which established a new strategy to obtain celastroid natural products. However, owing to the toxic effects and suboptimal pharmacological properties of celastrol, its clinical applications remain limited. To search for drug-like derivatives, several structurally modified compounds were synthesized and tested. This review focuses primarily on the latest research progress in the biosynthesis, total synthesis, structural modifications, bioactivity, and mechanism of action of celastrol. We anticipate that this paper will facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of this promising compound and provide constructive references for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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7
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Zhang H, Lu G. Synthesis of celastrol derivatives as potential non-nucleoside hepatitis B virus inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 96:1380-1386. [PMID: 32573976 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of para-quinone methide (pQM) moiety and C-20- modified derivatives of celastrol were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory effect on the secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg as well as the inhibitory effect against HBV DNA replication. The results suggested that amidation of C-20 carboxylic group could generate derivatives with good anti-HBV profile, among them compound 14 showed the best inhibitory activity on the secretion of HBsAg (IC50 = 11.9 µμ) and HBeAg (IC50 = 13.1 µμ) with SI of 3.3 and 3.0, respectively. In addition, 14 also showed potent inhibitory effect against HBV DNA replication (48.5 ± 15.1%, 25 µM). This is, to our knowledge, the first report of celastrol derivatives as potential non-nucleoside HBV inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Beijing BeiqinBiotech Co. Ltd., Xinggu Economic Development Zone, Beijing, China
| | - Gongxi Lu
- Beijing BeiqinBiotech Co. Ltd., Xinggu Economic Development Zone, Beijing, China
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8
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Santos MS, Betim HLI, Kisukuri CM, Campos Delgado JA, Corrêa AG, Paixão MW. Photoredox Catalysis toward 2-Sulfenylindole Synthesis through a Radical Cascade Process. Org Lett 2020; 22:4266-4271. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marilia S. Santos
- Center of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Hugo L. I. Betim
- Center of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Camila M. Kisukuri
- Center of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Jose Antonio Campos Delgado
- Center of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Arlene G. Corrêa
- Center of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Márcio W. Paixão
- Center of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
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9
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Hou W, Liu B, Xu H. Celastrol: Progresses in structure-modifications, structure-activity relationships, pharmacology and toxicology. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 189:112081. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Wang G, Xiao Q, Wu Y, Wei YJ, Jing Y, Cao XR, Gong ZN. Design and synthesis of novel celastrol derivative and its antitumor activity in hepatoma cells and antiangiogenic activity in zebrafish. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16431-16446. [PMID: 30770566 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Two series of celastrol derivatives were designed and synthesized by modifying carboxylic acid at the 28th position with amino acid, and their intermediates with isobutyrate at the third position. All compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferation activity by four human cancer cell lines (SCG7901, HGC27, HepG2, and Bel7402) and one normal cell LO2. The most promising compound, compound 8, showed superior bioactivity and lower toxicity than others including celastrol. Further underlying tests illustrated that compound 8 induced apoptosis and cell arrest at G2/M and inhibited proliferation and mobility of human hepatoma cells by suppressing the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 signaling pathway. Besides these, a highly accurate and reproducible high performance liquid chromatography protocol was established to determine celastrol and compound 8 absorption in zebrafish, and results demonstrated that their concentration increased rapidly within 4 hr in a time-dependent manner and the concentration of compound 8 was higher than that of celastrol. In addition, without detection at 12 hr, compound 8 was rapidly metabolized in vivo. These findings are very helpful for the structural modification of celastrol and other bioactive compounds to improve their bioactivity, toxicity, and absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wu
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Oral Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Media of State Administration of Tradition Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Jing
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Rong Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu-Nan Gong
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Neelakantan M, Balamurugan K, Balakrishnan C, Subha L. Interaction of Amino Acid Schiff Base Metal Complexes with DNA/BSA Protein and Antibacterial Activity: Spectral Studies, DFT Calculations and Molecular Docking Simulations. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.A. Neelakantan
- Chemistry Research Center; National Engineering College; K. R. Nagar, Kovilpatti - 628 503 Tamil Nadu India
| | - K. Balamurugan
- Chemistry Research Center; National Engineering College; K. R. Nagar, Kovilpatti - 628 503 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Chithiraivel Balakrishnan
- Chemistry Research Center; National Engineering College; K. R. Nagar, Kovilpatti - 628 503 Tamil Nadu India
| | - L. Subha
- Chemistry Research Center; National Engineering College; K. R. Nagar, Kovilpatti - 628 503 Tamil Nadu India
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Salvador JA, Leal AS, Valdeira AS, Gonçalves BM, Alho DP, Figueiredo SA, Silvestre SM, Mendes VI. Oleanane-, ursane-, and quinone methide friedelane-type triterpenoid derivatives: Recent advances in cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 142:95-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhu Y, Chen Z, Huang Z, Yan S, Li Z, Zhou H, Zhang X, Su Y, Zeng Z. AlCl₃·6H₂O-Catalyzed Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Indoles by the para-Quinone Methide Moiety of Celastrol. Molecules 2017; 22:E742. [PMID: 28509859 PMCID: PMC6154665 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A classical Friedel-Crafts alkylation of different indoles catalyzed by AlCl₃·6H₂O has been developed for a well-known important natural product, celastrol, resulting in a series of derivatives for further biological evaluation. The catalyst loading was reduced to 5 mol %, the reaction proceeds at ambient temperature and reaction time is only 3 h. The product yields range from 20% to 99%. A reaction mechanism is also proposed, based on our experiment results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Ziwen Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Zhenfei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Siwei Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Zhuoer Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Hu Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Xiaokun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Ying Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Zhiping Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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14
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Mevalonate-derived quinonemethide triterpenoid from in vitro roots of Peritassa laevigata and their localization in root tissue by MALDI imaging. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22627. [PMID: 26943243 PMCID: PMC4778575 DOI: 10.1038/srep22627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosynthetic investigation of quinonemethide triterpenoid 22β-hydroxy-maytenin (2) from in vitro root cultures of Peritassa laevigata (Celastraceae) was conducted using (13)C-precursor. The mevalonate pathway in P. laevigata is responsible for the synthesis of the quinonemethide triterpenoid scaffold. Moreover, anatomical analysis of P. laevigata roots cultured in vitro and in situ showed the presence of 22β-hydroxy-maytenin (2) and maytenin (1) in the tissues from transverse or longitudinal sections with an intense orange color. MALDI-MS imaging confirmed the distribution of (2) and (1) in the more distal portions of the root cap, the outer cell layers, and near the vascular cylinder of P. laevigata in vitro roots suggesting a role in plant defense against infection by microorganisms as well as in the root exudation processes.
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15
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Gonçalves BMF, Salvador JAR, Santos DSM, Marín S, Cascante M. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel asiatic acid derivatives as potential anticancer agents. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04597a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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