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Ishizuka T, Grover N, Kingsbury CJ, Kotani H, Senge MO, Kojima T. Nonplanar porphyrins: synthesis, properties, and unique functionalities. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7560-7630. [PMID: 35959748 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00391k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins are variously substituted tetrapyrrolic macrocycles, with wide-ranging biological and chemical applications derived from metal chelation in the core and the 18π aromatic surface. Under suitable conditions, the porphyrin framework can deform significantly from regular planar shape, owing to steric overload on the porphyrin periphery or steric repulsion in the core, among other structure modulation strategies. Adopting this nonplanar porphyrin architecture allows guest molecules to interact directly with an exposed core, with guest-responsive and photoactive electronic states of the porphyrin allowing energy, information, atom and electron transfer within and between these species. This functionality can be incorporated and tuned by decoration of functional groups and electronic modifications, with individual deformation profiles adapted to specific key sensing and catalysis applications. Nonplanar porphyrins are assisting breakthroughs in molecular recognition, organo- and photoredox catalysis; simultaneously bio-inspired and distinctly synthetic, these molecules offer a new dimension in shape-responsive host-guest chemistry. In this review, we have summarized the synthetic methods and design aspects of nonplanar porphyrin formation, key properties, structure and functionality of the nonplanar aromatic framework, and the scope and utility of this emerging class towards outstanding scientific, industrial and environmental issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba and CREST (JST), 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Nitika Grover
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Christopher J Kingsbury
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Hiroaki Kotani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba and CREST (JST), 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Mathias O Senge
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Focus Group - Molecular and Interfacial Engineering of Organic Nanosystems, Lichtenbergstrasse 2a, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Takahiko Kojima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba and CREST (JST), 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
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2
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Wang W, Fan W, Jia X, Li L. Rare earth–porphyrin complex catalysts for transforming CO2into cyclic carbonate under mild conditions. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201900560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Xingang Jia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an People's Republic of China
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3
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Sarwar S, Sanz S, van Leusen J, Nichol GS, Brechin EK, Kögerler P. Phthalocyanine-polyoxotungstate lanthanide double deckers. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:16638-16642. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03716h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Two archetypal tetradentate ligands with square donor patterns, namely phthalocyanate and monolacunary Keggin-type polyoxotungstate, coordinate to rare earth ions to yield Cs-symmetric heteroleptic double-decker complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Sarwar
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute
| | - Sergio Sanz
- Peter Grünberg Institute
- 52425 Jülich
- Germany
- Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance
- Fundamentals for Future Information Technology (JARA-FIT)
| | - Jan van Leusen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Gary S. Nichol
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- The University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Euan K. Brechin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- The University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Paul Kögerler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute
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4
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Modulating the magnetization dynamics of rare earth complexes by structural regulation utilizing different solvents. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Yang L, Wang X, Zhu M, Xiao T, Ouyang Z, Bian Y, Wang Z, Jiang J. Ferromagnetic coupling between 4f- and delocalized π-radical spins in mixed (phthalocyaninato)(porphyrinato) rare earth double-decker SMMs. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi00595a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ferromagnetic π–f exchange couplings were revealed in [REIII(Pc)(Por)]0 SMMs (RE = Tb and Dy) by HF-EPR measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Anyang Institute of Technology
- Anyang 455000
- China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Anyang Institute of Technology
- Anyang 455000
- China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
| | - Mengliang Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Tongtong Xiao
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center & School of Physics
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Zhongwen Ouyang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center & School of Physics
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Yongzhong Bian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center & School of Physics
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
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Katoh K, Aizawa Y, Morita T, Breedlove BK, Yamashita M. Elucidation of Dual Magnetic Relaxation Processes in Dinuclear Dysprosium(III) Phthalocyaninato Triple-Decker Single-Molecule Magnets Depending on the Octacoordination Geometry. Chemistry 2017; 23:15377-15386. [PMID: 28782141 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
When applying single-molecule magnets (SMMs) to spintronic devices, control of the quantum tunneling of the magnetization (QTM) as well as a spin-lattice interactions are important. Attempts have been made to use not only coordination geometry but also magnetic interactions between SMMs as an exchange bias. In this manuscript, dinuclear dysprosium(III) (DyIII ) SMMs with the same octacoordination geometry undergo dual magnetic relaxation processes at low temperature. In the dinuclear DyIII phthalocyaninato (Pc2- ) triple-decker type complex [(Pc)Dy(ooPc)Dy(Pc)] (1) (ooPc2- =2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis(octyloxy)phthalocyaninato) with a square-antiprismatic (SAP) geometry, the ground state is divided by the Zeeman effect, and level intersection occurs when a magnetic field is applied. Due to the ground state properties of 1, since the Zeeman diagram where the levels intersect in an Hdc of 2500 Oe, two kinds of QTM and direct processes occur. However, dinuclear DyIII -Pc systems with C4 geometry, which have a twist angle (ϕ) of less than 45° do not undergo dual magnetic relaxation processes. From magnetic field and temperature dependences, the dual magnetic relaxation processes were clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Katoh
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yu Aizawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takaumi Morita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Brian K Breedlove
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.,WPI Research Center, Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.,China School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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7
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Lu G, He C, Wang K, Sun J, Qi D, Gong L, Wang C, Ou Z, Yan S, Zeng S, Zhu W. Dysprosium Heteroleptic Corrole-Phthalocyanine Triple-Decker Complexes: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Electrochemical and Magnetic Properties. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:11503-11512. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guifen Lu
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng He
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junshan Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, TaiShan University, Taian 271000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Qi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Gong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chiming Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongping Ou
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sen Yan
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suyuan Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihua Zhu
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Sun J, Han Y. An octupolar bis(porphyrinato) terbium( iii) complex with the highest off-resonant hyperpolarizability. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel bis(porphyrinato) terbium double-decker complex HTb(DADAPor)2 with the octupolar molecular exhibits the large off-resonant first hyperpolarizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshan Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taishan University
- Taian 271000
- China
| | - Yinfeng Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taishan University
- Taian 271000
- China
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9
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Seidel RW, Goddard R, Mayer-Gall T, Oppel IM. A synchrotron study of [5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3-cyanophenyl)porphyrinato-κ 4N5, N10, N15, N20]copper(II) nitrobenzene trisolvate at 80 K. Acta Crystallogr C 2016; 72:861-866. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053229616015515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyrin assemblies display interesting photophysical properties and a relatively high thermal stability. Moreover,meso-functionalized porphyrins with virtually fourfold symmetry can be relatively readily synthesized from pyrrole and the appropriate aldehyde. A number of metallo derivatives of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-cyanophenyl)porphyrin, where the N atom of the linear cyano group can act both as a donor for coordination bonds or as an acceptor for hydrogen bonds, have been structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The supramolecular and structural chemistry of the corresponding 2- and 3-cyanophenyl isomers of the parent porphyrin, however, has remained largely unexplored. The crystal structure of [5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3-cyanophenyl)porphyrinato]copper(II) (CuTCNPP) nitrobenzene trisolvate, [Cu(C48H24N8)]·3C6H5NO2, has been determined at 80 K by synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction. CuTCNPP exhibits aC2h-symmetric ααββ conformation, despite an unsymmetrical crystal environment, and is situated on a crystallographic centre of symmetry. The CuIIion adopts a genuine square-planar coordination by the four pyrrole N atoms. The 24-membered porphyrin ring system shows no marked deviation from planarity. In the crystal, the CuTCNPP molecules and two nitrobenzene molecules are face-to-face stacked in an alternating fashion, resulting in corrugated layers. The remaining nitrobenzene guest molecule per CuTCNPP resides in the region between four neighbouring columnar stacks of CuTCNPP and sandwiched nitrobenzene molecules, and is disordered over four positions about a centre of symmetry.
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10
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Ma Q, Zeng S, Feng X, Cao W, Wang H, Dou J, Jiang J. A Mixed Porphyrin-Schiff Base Dysprosium(III) Single-Molecule Magnet. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials; Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology Beijing; 100083 Beijing China
| | - Suyuan Zeng
- Department of Chemistry; Liaocheng University; 252000 Liaocheng China
| | - Xuenan Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials; Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology Beijing; 100083 Beijing China
| | - Wei Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials; Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology Beijing; 100083 Beijing China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials; Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology Beijing; 100083 Beijing China
| | - Jianmin Dou
- Department of Chemistry; Liaocheng University; 252000 Liaocheng China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials; Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology Beijing; 100083 Beijing China
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11
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Lanthanide Complexes with Multidentate Oxime Ligands as Single-Molecule Magnets and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Fixation Systems. Chemistry 2015; 21:13321-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Cao W, Gao C, Zhang YQ, Qi D, Liu T, Wang K, Duan C, Gao S, Jiang J. Rational enhancement of the energy barrier of bis(tetrapyrrole) dysprosium SMMs via replacing atom of porphyrin core. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5947-5954. [PMID: 28791093 PMCID: PMC5523118 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02314a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the coordination geometry of DyIII being relatively fixed, oxygen and sulfur atoms were used to replace one porphyrin pyrrole nitrogen atom of sandwich complex [(Bu)4N][DyIII(Pc)(TBPP)] [Pc = dianion of phthalocyanine, TBPP = 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[(4-tert-butyl)phenyl]porphyrin]. The energy barrier of the compounds was enhanced three times, with the order of DyIII(Pc)(STBPP) > DyIII(Pc)(OTBPP) > [(Bu)4N][DyIII(Pc)(TBPP)] [STBPP = monoanion of 5,10,15,20-(4-tert-butyl)phenyl-21-thiaporphyrin, OTBPP = monoanion of 5,10,15,20-(4-tert-butyl)phenyl-21-oxaporphyrin]. Theoretical calculations offer reasonable explanations of such a significant enhancement. The energy barrier of 194 K for DyIII(Pc)(STBPP) represents the highest one among all the bis(tetrapyrrole) dysprosium SMMs, providing a strategy to rationally enhance the anisotropy and energy barrier via atom replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials , Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing , 100083 , China .
| | - Chen Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China .
| | - Yi-Quan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for NSLSCS , School of Physical Science and Technology , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Dongdong Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials , Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing , 100083 , China .
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , 116012 , China .
| | - Kang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials , Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing , 100083 , China .
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , 116012 , China .
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China .
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials , Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing , 100083 , China .
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Zhao J, Zhu GH, Xie LQ, Wu YS, Wu HL, Zhou AJ, Wu ZY, Wang J, Chen YC, Tong ML. Magnetic and luminescent properties of lanthanide coordination polymers with asymmetric biphenyl-3,2′,5′-tricarboxylate. Dalton Trans 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01894c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric ligand was employed to construct eight (3,6)-connected lanthanide complexes exhibiting slow magnetization relaxation behaviour and characteristic luminescent properties.
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