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Wang Y, Sun B, Hao Z, Zhang J. Advances in Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Latex Particles via In Situ Emulsion Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2995. [PMID: 37514385 PMCID: PMC10385736 DOI: 10.3390/polym15142995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid latex particles combine the unique properties of inorganic nano/micro particles with the inherent properties of polymers, exhibiting tremendous potential for a variety of applications. Recent years have witnessed an increased interest in the design and preparation of hybrid latex particles with well-defined size, structure and morphology. Due to its simplicity, versatility and environmental friendliness, the in situ (Pickering) emulsion polymerization has been demonstrated to be a powerful approach for the large-scale preparation of hybrid latex particles. In this review, the strategies and applications of in situ (Pickering) emulsion polymerization for the preparation of hybrid latex particles are systematically summarized. A particular focus is placed on the strategies for the preparation of hybrid latex particles with enhanced properties and well-defined core-shell, yolk-shell, multinuclear, raspberry-like, dumbbell-shaped, multipod-like or armored morphologies. We hope that the considerable advances, examples and principles presented in this review can motivate future contributions to provide a deeper understanding of current preparation technologies, develop new processes, and enable further exploitation of hybrid latex particles with outstanding characteristics and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Wang
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
- CNPC Engineering Technology Research Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300451, China
| | - Baojiang Sun
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zhiwei Hao
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
- CNPC Engineering Technology Research Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300451, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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2
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Role of Surface Energy of Nanoparticle Stabilizers in the Synthesis of Microspheres via Pickering Emulsion Polymerization. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12060995. [PMID: 35335808 PMCID: PMC8949673 DOI: 10.3390/nano12060995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymer microspheres are important for a variety of applications, such as ion exchange chromatography, catalyst supports, absorbents, etc. Synthesis of large microspheres can be challenging, because they cannot be obtained easily via classic emulsion polymerization, but rather by more complex methods. Here, we present a facile method for obtaining polymer microspheres, beyond 50 μm, via Pickering emulsion polymerization. The method consists in creating oil-in-water (o/w) Pickering emulsion/suspension from vinyl bearing monomers, immiscible with water, whereas silica nanoparticles (NPs), bearing glycidyl functionalities, have a stabilizing role by adsorbing at the monomer/water interface of emulsion droplets. The emulsion is polymerized under UV light, and polymer microspheres decorated with NPs are obtained. We discovered that the contact angle of the NPs with the polymer microsphere is the key parameter for tuning the size and the quality of the obtained microspheres. The contact angle depends on the NPs’ interfacial energy and its polar and dispersive contributions, which we determine with a newly developed NanoTraPPED method. By varying the NPs’ surface functionality, we demonstrate that when their interfacial energy with water decreases, their energy of adhesion to water increases, causing the curvature of the polymer/water interface to decrease, resulting in increasingly larger polymer microspheres.
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3
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Ono M, Nonomura Y, Gonome H. Optical Properties of Pickering Emulsions and Foams. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:1440-1447. [PMID: 35043620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A significant number of studies have been conducted on particle adhesion phenomena as pertaining to the oil-water interface of droplets and the air-liquid interface of bubbles, known as Pickering emulsions and Pickering foams, respectively. However, few of the literature reports have discussed the optical properties of these materials. In this study, the optical properties of Pickering particles were calculated by using an electromagnetic field analysis via a finite element method, and their optical responses are discussed. The changes in scattering due to the differences in the number of adhering particles and particle size are compared for three composition systems: an oil-in-water Pickering emulsion, a water-in-oil Pickering emulsion, and a Pickering foam. It was determined that changes in the amount of scattering are due to the mixing of the phases in the scattering field. This effect is more pronounced when the size of the scatterer is significantly smaller than the wavelength. For systems with particles larger than the wavelength, changes in the amount of scattering were suppressed because of destructive interference of the electromagnetic waves. This work revealed that the variation in the amount of scattering due to the constituent material and size of the Pickering particles is affected by two different factors, and the change in the amount of scattering is 10 times greater than in a uniformly dispersed system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Ono
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshimune Nonomura
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Gonome
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
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4
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Silica-Supported Styrene-Co-Divinylbenzene Pickering Emulsion Polymerization: Tuning Surface Charge and Hydrophobicity by pH and Co-Aid Adsorption. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9101820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, polymerizations of styrene (St) in the presence of divinylbenzene (DVB) as a crosslinking agent and sodium 4-vinylbenzenesulfonate (VBS) have been performed in Pickering emulsions, using silica nanoparticles (SNps) as stabilizing agents and ammonium persulfate as a hydrophilic initiator. In oil-in-water Pickering emulsions with alkaline continuous phase (pH = 9) at 1, 2, and 3 wt% DVB (relative to St), polydisperse spheroid copolymer submicronic nanoparticles were obtained. Comparatively, polymerizations performed in Pickering emulsions with acidic continuous phase (pH = 5) allowed preparing St-co-DVB microspheres with core–shell structures at 1 wt% DVB and St-co-DVB hybrid monoliths with bi-continuous morphologies at 2 and 3 wt% DVB. It is noteworthy that this work reports Pickering emulsion polymerization as a new strategy for preparing hybrid percolated scaffolds with bi-continuous porosity. The proposed mechanisms originated by pH, DVB, and VBS and the drastic impact caused on the final morphology obtained, either hybrid particles or monoliths, are discussed herein.
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5
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Lu Q, Choi K, Nam JD, Choi HJ. Magnetic Polymer Composite Particles: Design and Magnetorheology. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:512. [PMID: 33567794 PMCID: PMC7915058 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a family of smart functional hybrid materials, magnetic polymer composite particles have attracted considerable attention owing to their outstanding magnetism, dispersion stability, and fine biocompatibility. This review covers their magnetorheological properties, namely, flow curve, yield stress, and viscoelastic behavior, along with their synthesis. Preparation methods and characteristics of different types of magnetic composite particles are presented. Apart from the research progress in magnetic polymer composite synthesis, we also discuss prospects of this promising research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
- Program of Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Kisuk Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (K.C.); (J.-D.N.)
| | - Jae-Do Nam
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (K.C.); (J.-D.N.)
| | - Hyoung Jin Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
- Program of Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
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Kaewsaneha C, Elaissari A, Tangboriboonrat P, Opaprakasit P. Self-assembly of amphiphilic poly(styrene- b-acrylic acid) on magnetic latex particles and their application as a reusable scale inhibitor. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41187-41196. [PMID: 35519176 PMCID: PMC9057766 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06334g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The deposition of scale on membranes or container and pipe surfaces (clogging the system) is a costly issue in water treatment processes or water-cooling systems. To effectively cope with this issue, magnetic polymeric nanoparticles (MPNPs) have been developed and applied as promising scale inhibitors, due to their high surface-area-to-volume ratio, surface modifiability, and magnetic separation ability. Carboxylated MPNPs, having a monodisperse size distribution (236 ± 26 nm) with a high magnetic content of 70 wt% and superparamagnetic properties, were fabricated by using a 2-step process: (i) formation of clusters of hydrophobic magnetic nanoparticles stabilized by oleic acid (OA-MNPs), and (ii) self-assembly of the amphiphilic block copolymer of poly(styrene27-b-acrylic acid120) (PS27-b-PAA120) onto the cluster surfaces. With application of ultrasonication to 12.0 wt% OA-MNPs, a three-dimensional network was formed by particle–particle interactions, suppressing coalescence, and then creating stable magnetic clusters. The cluster surfaces were then adsorbed by amphiphilic PS27-b-PAA120via the attractive force between hydrophobic PS blocks. This moves longer hydrophilic PAA blocks containing carboxylic acid groups into the water phase. The formulated MPNPs acted as a nanosorbent for calcium ion (Ca2+) removal with a removal efficiency of 92%. The MPNPs can be effectively reused for up to 4 cycles. Based on the electrostatic interactions between the negatively-charged polymer and the hydrated Ca2+, the resulting precipitation leads to the prevention of calcium carbonate scale formation. Insights into this mechanism open up a new perspective for magnetic-material applications as effective antiscalants. Carboxylated magnetic polymeric nanoparticles, having a high magnetic content, and superparamagnetic properties were prepared and applied as effective antiscalants.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chariya Kaewsaneha
- School of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University Pathum Thani 12121 Thailand
| | - Abdelhamid Elaissari
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, LAGEPP-UMR 5007 F-69622 Lyon France
| | - Pramuan Tangboriboonrat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University Rama 6 Road, Phyathai Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Pakorn Opaprakasit
- School of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University Pathum Thani 12121 Thailand
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7
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Abd El‐Mageed AIA, Shalan AE, Mohamed LA, Essawy HA, Taha F, Dyab AKF. Effect of
pH
and zeta potential of Pickering stabilizing magnetite nanoparticles on the features of magnetized polystyrene microspheres. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I. A. Abd El‐Mageed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Minia University Minia Egypt
- Nanoscience and Technology, Advanced Basic Science Galala University Galala Egypt
| | - Ahmed Esmail Shalan
- Electronic and Magnetic Materials Department, Advanced Materials Division Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI) Cairo Egypt
- BCMaterials‐Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, Martina Casiano, UPV/EHU Science Park Leioa Spain
| | - Lamiaa A. Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Minia University Minia Egypt
| | - Hisham A. Essawy
- Department of Polymers and Pigments National Research Centre Cairo Egypt
| | - Fouad Taha
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Minia University Minia Egypt
| | - Amro K. F. Dyab
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Minia University Minia Egypt
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8
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Kim JN, Dong YZ, Choi HJ. Pickering Emulsion Polymerized Polyaniline/Zinc-ferrite Composite Particles and Their Dual Electrorheological and Magnetorheological Responses. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:7675-7682. [PMID: 32280911 PMCID: PMC7144134 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A functional raspberry-like core-shell composite particle consisting of a conducting polyaniline (PANI) core and magnetic zinc ferrite shell is synthesized by Pickering emulsion polymerization. The morphology and chemical structure of the PANI/zinc-ferrite composite are evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. An electrorheological/magnetorheological fluid consisting of the PANI/zinc-ferrite composite dispersed in silicone oil with a particle concentration of 5 vol % is fabricated. Its rheological characteristics under external electric and magnetic fields are investigated by using a rotational rheometer. Under the electric or magnetic field, the PANI/zinc-ferrite particles form chain-like structures, demonstrating a solid-like state.
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9
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Cho YJ, Kim DM, Song IH, Choi JY, Jin SW, Kim BJ, Jeong JW, Jang CE, Chu K, Chung CM. An Oligoimide Particle as a Pickering Emulsion Stabilizer. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1071. [PMID: 30960996 PMCID: PMC6403722 DOI: 10.3390/polym10101071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA)-based oligoimide (PMDA-ODA) was synthesized by a one-step procedure using water as a solvent. The PMDA-ODA particles showed excellent partial wetting properties and were stably dispersed in both water and oil phases. A stable dispersion was not obtained with comparison PMDA-ODA particles that were synthesized by a conventional two-step method using an organic solvent. Both oil-in-water and water-in-oil Pickering emulsions were prepared using the oligoimide particles synthesized in water, and the size of the emulsion droplet was controlled based on the oligoimide particle concentration. The oligoimide particles were tested to prepare Pickering emulsions using various kinds of oils. The oil-in-water Pickering emulsions were successfully applied to prepare microcapsules of the emulsion droplets. Our new Pickering emulsion stabilizer has the advantages of easy synthesis, no need for surface modification, and the capability of stabilizing both oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Dong-Min Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - In-Ho Song
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Ju-Young Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Seung-Won Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Beom-Jun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Jin-Won Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Chae-Eun Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Kunmo Chu
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon 16678, Korea.
| | - Chan-Moon Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
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10
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Wu D, Binks BP, Honciuc A. Modeling the Interfacial Energy of Surfactant-Free Amphiphilic Janus Nanoparticles from Phase Inversion in Pickering Emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:1225-1233. [PMID: 28946742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Determining the interfacial energy of nanoparticles is very challenging via traditional methods that first require measuring the contact angle of several liquids of a sessile drop on pellets or capillary rise in powder beds. In this work, we propose an alternative way to model the interfacial energy of nanoparticles directly from emulsion phase inversion data in Pickering emulsions. This could establish itself as a universal and facile way to determine the polarity of nanoparticles relative to a series of standard particles without the need to measure contact angles. Pickering emulsions of several oils in water were generated with a series of snowman-like Janus nanoparticles (JNPs), whose polarity gradually increased with the size of the more polar lobe. Depending on the oil to water ratio and the JNPs lobe size, oil-in-water (o/w) or water-in-oil (w/o) Pickering emulsions were obtained and the affinity of the JNPs to either water or oil can be inferred from the evolution of the emulsion phase inversion curves with these parameters. We further demonstrate that by adopting a simple model for the work of adhesion of JNPs with the water and oil phases, one can quantitatively calculate the relative interfacial energy change of the JNPs with the liquid. In addition, a knowledge of the interfacial energy of nanoparticles is useful for employing these in suspension polymerization to create surface nanostructured materials. The o/w and w/o Pickering emulsions obtained from monomers, such as styrene, could be polymerized, resulting in colloidosomes or hollow-like materials. The hollow materials exhibited a rather high volume storage capacity for the aqueous phase for extended periods of time, which could be released upon microwaving, making them ideal for use in long-term storage applications of various water-soluble actives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalin Wu
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences , Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820 Waedenswil, Switzerland
| | - Bernard P Binks
- School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Hull , Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Andrei Honciuc
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences , Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820 Waedenswil, Switzerland
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11
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Pei L, Pang H, Ruan X, Gong X, Xuan S. Magnetorheology of a magnetic fluid based on Fe3O4immobilized SiO2core–shell nanospheres: experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28436a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The MR effect of an Fe3O4-immobilized-SiO2-nanosphere based magnetic fluid was 25 times larger than that of an Fe3O4based magnetic fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials
- Department of Modern Mechanics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Haoming Pang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials
- Department of Modern Mechanics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Xiaohui Ruan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials
- Department of Modern Mechanics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Xinglong Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials
- Department of Modern Mechanics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Shouhu Xuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials
- Department of Modern Mechanics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
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12
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Wang Z, Wang Y. Tuning Amphiphilicity of Particles for Controllable Pickering Emulsion. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 9:E903. [PMID: 28774029 PMCID: PMC5457260 DOI: 10.3390/ma9110903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pickering emulsions with the use of particles as emulsifiers have been extensively used in scientific research and industrial production due to their edge in biocompatibility and stability compared with traditional emulsions. The control over Pickering emulsion stability and type plays a significant role in these applications. Among the present methods to build controllable Pickering emulsions, tuning the amphiphilicity of particles is comparatively effective and has attracted enormous attention. In this review, we highlight some recent advances in tuning the amphiphilicity of particles for controlling the stability and type of Pickering emulsions. The amphiphilicity of three types of particles including rigid particles, soft particles, and Janus particles are tailored by means of different mechanisms and discussed here in detail. The stabilization-destabilization interconversion and phase inversion of Pickering emulsions have been successfully achieved by changing the surface properties of these particles. This article provides a comprehensive review of controllable Pickering emulsions, which is expected to stimulate inspiration for designing and preparing novel Pickering emulsions, and ultimately directing the preparation of functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Yapei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
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13
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Li K, Dugas PY, Lansalot M, Bourgeat-Lami E. Surfactant-Free Emulsion Polymerization Stabilized by Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Particles Using Acrylic Acid or Methacrylic Acid as Auxiliary Comonomers. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Li
- Univ Lyon, Université
Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), 43 Bvd. du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - P.-Y. Dugas
- Univ Lyon, Université
Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), 43 Bvd. du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - M. Lansalot
- Univ Lyon, Université
Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), 43 Bvd. du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - E. Bourgeat-Lami
- Univ Lyon, Université
Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), 43 Bvd. du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
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14
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Chakrabarty A, Ponnupandian S, Naskar K, Singha NK. Nanoclay stabilized Pickering miniemulsion of fluorinated copolymer with improved hydrophobicity via RAFT polymerization. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25808a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoropolymer/clay nanocomposite with improved polymer–clay interaction via electrostatic attraction was prepared by Pickering miniemulsion polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Chakrabarty
- Rubber Technology Centre
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur-721302
- India
| | - Siva Ponnupandian
- Rubber Technology Centre
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur-721302
- India
| | - Kinsuk Naskar
- Rubber Technology Centre
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur-721302
- India
| | - Nikhil K. Singha
- Rubber Technology Centre
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur-721302
- India
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