1
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Nelson E, Bertke JA, Thanzeel FY, Wolf C. Organometallic Chirality Sensing via "Click"-Like η 6-Arene Coordination with an Achiral Cp*Ru(II) Piano Stool Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404594. [PMID: 38634562 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Piano stool complexes have been studied over many years and found widespread applications in organic synthesis, catalysis, materials and drug development. We now report the first examples of quantitative chiroptical molecular recognition of chiral compounds through click-like η6-arene coordination with readily available half sandwich complexes. This conceptually new approach to chirality sensing is based on irreversible acetonitrile displacement of [Cp*Ru(CH3CN)3]PF6 by an aromatic target molecule, a process that is fast and complete within a few minutes at room temperature. The metal coordination coincides with characteristic circular dichroism inductions that can be easily correlated to the absolute configuration and enantiomeric ratio of the bound molecule. A relay assay that decouples the determination of the enantiomeric composition and of the total sample amount by a practical CD/UV measurement protocol was developed and successfully tested. The introduction of piano stool complexes to the chiroptical sensing realm is mechanistically unique and extends the scope of currently known methods with small-molecule probes that require the presence of amino, alcohol, carboxylate or other privileged functional groups for binding of the target compound. A broad application range including pharmaceutically relevant multifunctional molecules and the use in chromatography-free asymmetric reaction analysis are also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryn Nelson
- Chemistry Department, Georgetown University, 3700 O St NW, Washington, DC-20057
| | - Jeffery A Bertke
- Chemistry Department, Georgetown University, 3700 O St NW, Washington, DC-20057
| | - F Yushra Thanzeel
- Chemistry Department, Georgetown University, 3700 O St NW, Washington, DC-20057
| | - Christian Wolf
- Chemistry Department, Georgetown University, 3700 O St NW, Washington, DC-20057
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2
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Formen JSSK, Howard JR, Anslyn EV, Wolf C. Circular Dichroism Sensing: Strategies and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400767. [PMID: 38421186 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The analysis of the absolute configuration, enantiomeric composition, and concentration of chiral compounds are frequently encountered tasks across the chemical and health sciences. Chiroptical sensing methods can streamline this work and allow high-throughput screening with remarkable reduction of operational time and cost. During the last few years, significant methodological advances with innovative chirality sensing systems, the use of computer-generated calibration curves, machine learning assistance, and chemometric data processing, to name a few, have emerged and are now matched with commercially available multi-well plate CD readers. These developments have reframed the chirality sensing space and provide new opportunities that are of interest to a large group of chemists. This review will discuss chirality sensing strategies and applications with representative small-molecule CD sensors. Emphasis will be given to important milestones and recent advances that accelerate chiral compound analysis by outperforming traditional methods, conquer new directions, and pioneering efforts that lie at the forefront of chiroptical high-throughput screening developments. The goal is to provide the reader with a thorough understanding of the current state and a perspective of future directions of this rapidly emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James R Howard
- Chemistry Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Chemistry Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Chemistry Department, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
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3
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Tang X, Shen H, Huang H, Li L, Luo F, Tian G, Deng H, Teo BK, Zheng N. A Versatile Strategy for the Controlled Synthesis of Atomically Precise Palladium Nanoclusters. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400040. [PMID: 38682590 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The study of the structures, applications, and structure-property relationships of atomically precise metal nanoclusters relies heavily on their controlled synthesis. Although great progress has been made in the controlled synthesis of Group 11 (Cu, Ag, Au) metal nanoclusters, the preparation of Pd nanoclusters remains a grand challenge. Herein, a new, simple, and versatile synthetic strategy for the controlled synthesis of Pd nanoclusters is reported with tailorable structures and functions. The synthesis strategy involves the controllable transformations of Pd4(CO)4(CH3COO)4 in air, allowing the discovery of a family of Pd nanoclusters with well-defined structure and high yield. For example, by treating the Pd4(CO)4(CH3COO)4 with 2,2-dipyridine ligands, two clusters of Pd4 and Pd10 whose metal framework describes the growth of vertex-sharing tetrahedra have been selectively isolated. Interestingly, chiral Pd4 nanoclusters can be gained by virtue of customized chiral pyridine-imine ligands, thus representing a pioneering example to shed light on the hierarchical chiral nanostructures of Pd. This synthetic methodology also tolerates a wide variety of ligands and affords phosphine-ligated Pd nanoclusters in a simple way. It is believed that the successful exploration of the synthetic strategy would simulate the research enthusiasm on both the synthesis and application of atomically precise Pd nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongkai Tang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hui Shen
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Huayu Huang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Lei Li
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Fan Luo
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Guolong Tian
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hongwen Deng
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Boon K Teo
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Nanfeng Zheng
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361102, China
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4
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Wang L, Gao T, Yan J, Hong Y, Ma Y, Jin R, Kang C, Gao L. Enantiomer Recognition Based on Chirality Transfer from Chiral Amines to Ternary Dynamic Covalent Systems. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1797-1806. [PMID: 38197600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Enantiomer recognition is usually required in organic synthesis and materials and life sciences. This paper describes an enantiomer recognition method based on ternary dynamic covalent systems constructed via the complexation of chiral amines with a chiral boronate derived from 1,4-phenylenediboric acid and an L-DOPA-modified naphthalenediimide. The ternary systems aggregate into chiral assemblies driven by π-π interactions, and the chirality is transferred from the chiral amines to assemblies with high stereospecificity. Consequently, the enantiomer composition of chiral amines and the absolute configuration of the major enantiomer can be determined according to the sign of the Cotton effect of the ternary system by using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. This method offers the advantage of using the long wavelength CD signals of the boronate at around 520 nm, thereby avoiding interference with those of the carbon skeleton. This ternary system provides a novel approach to the design of enantiomer recognition systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangpeng Wang
- Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Tingting Gao
- Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jijun Yan
- Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yun Hong
- Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Rizhe Jin
- Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Chuanqing Kang
- Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lianxun Gao
- Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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5
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Cibotaru S, Nicolescu A, Marin L. Dynamic PEGylated phenothiazine imines; synthesis, photophysical behavior and reversible luminescence switching in response to external stimuli. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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6
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Begato F, Penasa R, Licini G, Zonta C. Chiroptical Enhancement of Chiral Dicarboxylic Acids from Confinement in a Stereodynamic Supramolecular Cage. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1390-1394. [PMID: 35472260 PMCID: PMC9150167 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The fundamental implications
that chirality has in science and
technology require continuous efforts for the development of fast,
economic, and reliable quantitative methods for enantiopurity assessment.
Among the different analytical approaches, chiroptical techniques
in combination with supramolecular methodologies have shown promising
results in terms of both costs and time analysis. In this article,
a tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amines (TPMA)-based supramolecular
cage is able to amplify the circular dichroism (CD) signal of a series
of chiral dicarboxylic acids also in the presence of a complex mixture.
This feature has been used to quantify tartaric acid in wines and
to discriminate different matrixes using principal component analysis
(PCA) of the raw CD data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Begato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Penasa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Licini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristiano Zonta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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7
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Wolf C, Hassan DS, Kariapper FS, Lynch CC. Accelerated Asymmetric Reaction Screening with Optical Assays. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1754-2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAsymmetric reaction development often involves optimization of several mutually dependent parameters that affect the product yield and enantiomeric excess. Widely available high-throughput experimentation equipment and optical sensing assays can drastically streamline comprehensive optimization efforts and speed up the discovery process at reduced cost, workload, and waste production. A variety of chiroptical assays that utilize fluorescence, UV, and circular dichroism measurements to determine reaction yields and ee values are now available, enabling the screening of numerous small-scale reaction samples in parallel with multi-well plate technology. Many of these optical methods considerably shorten work-up protocols typically required for traditional asymmetric reaction analysis and some can be directly applied to crude mixtures thus eliminating cumbersome separation and purification steps altogether.1 Introduction2 Fluorescence Assays3 UV Sensing Methods4 Sensing with Circular Dichroism Probes5 Hybrid Approaches6 Optical Analysis with Intrinsically CD-Active Reaction Products7 Conclusion
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8
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Yang L, Luo F, Wei W. Simultaneous determination of the concentration and enantiomeric excess of amino acids with a coumarin-derived achiral probe. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1905-1910. [PMID: 33913945 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00271f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The chirality of amino acids plays an important role in biological and medical sciences. The development of achiral small-molecule probes that can simultaneously determine the absolute configuration, enantiomeric excess, and total concentration of amino acids is significant. We reported the currently available achiral coumarin aldehyde probe that could form Schiff bases with free amino acids at room temperature to induce CD signals and change UV-vis signals. The red-shifted UV-vis signals were independent of the substrate's chirality and could be used to determine the total concentration. Conversely, the enantioselective CD signals could be used to determine the absolute configuration and enantiomeric excess. The usefulness and practicability of this sensing method were demonstrated by analyzing 6 non-racemic phenylalanine samples with different enantiomeric compositions and concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.
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9
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Li B, Zhang J, Li L, Chen G. A rapid and sensitive method for chiroptical sensing of α-amino acids via click-like labeling with o-phthalaldehyde and p-toluenethiol. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2504-2508. [PMID: 34164017 PMCID: PMC8179345 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05749e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly practical method for comprehensive chiroptical sensing of free α amino acids with streamlined operation and high sensitivity via dual CD/UV measurements is developed. The assay takes advantage of an efficient and selective three-component labeling reaction of primary amines with o-phthalaldehyde and p-toluenethiol reagents to derivatize the NH2 group of analytes into an isoindole. The covalent labeling generates sensitive UV and CD readouts, both of which show an excellent linear relationship with the concentration of analytes. The high reactivity and the novel optical reporting mechanism allow fast and accurate measurement without background interference. The sensing assay works well for a remarkably broad range of analyte concentrations, with an unprecedented lower limit of 10 micromolar concentration. A highly practical method for comprehensive chiroptical sensing of free α amino acids with streamlined operation and high sensitivity via dual CD/UV measurements is developed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 China .,State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 China
| | - Gong Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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10
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Thanzeel FY, Balaraman K, Wolf C. Quantitative Chirality and Concentration Sensing of Alcohols, Diols, Hydroxy Acids, Amines and Amino Alcohols using Chlorophosphite Sensors in a Relay Assay. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Yushra Thanzeel
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Kaluvu Balaraman
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets Washington DC 20057 USA
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11
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Thanzeel FY, Balaraman K, Wolf C. Quantitative Chirality and Concentration Sensing of Alcohols, Diols, Hydroxy Acids, Amines and Amino Alcohols using Chlorophosphite Sensors in a Relay Assay. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21382-21386. [PMID: 32762103 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Analytical methods that allow simultaneous determination of the concentration and enantiomeric composition of small sample amounts and are also compatible with high-throughput multi-well plate technology have received increasing attention in recent years. We now introduce a new class of broadly useful small-molecule probes and a relay sensing strategy that together accomplish these tasks with five classes of compounds including the challenging group of mono-alcohols-a scope that stands out among previously reported UV, fluorescence, and CD assays. Several chlorophosphite probes and aniline indicators have been evaluated and used for on-the-fly CD/UV sensing following a continuous workflow. The wide application range of the readily available sensors is highlighted with almost 30 alcohols, diols, hydroxy acids, amines and amino alcohols, and the accuracy of the stereochemical analysis is showcased with samples covering a wide range of concentrations and enantiomeric ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yushra Thanzeel
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Kaluvu Balaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
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12
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Pilicer SL, Wolf C. Ninhydrin Revisited: Quantitative Chirality Recognition of Amines and Amino Alcohols Based on Nondestructive Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11560-11565. [PMID: 32791837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach to chiral recognition of small molecules using the classical ninhydrin agent is introduced. Well-defined dynamic covalent chemistry with amines and amino alcohols was developed and applied to quantitative ee sensing with good accuracy using a straightforward mixing protocol and subsequent circular dichroism measurements. This chiroptical assay is fast, broadly useful, practical and repurposes an inexpensive reagent known for more than 100 years in a new application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Pilicer
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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13
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Pilicer SL, Dragna JM, Garland A, Welch CJ, Anslyn EV, Wolf C. High-Throughput Determination of Enantiopurity by Microplate Circular Dichroism. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10858-10864. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Pilicer
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | | | - Adam Garland
- Water Lens, LLC, Houston, Texas 77027, United States
| | - Christopher J. Welch
- Indiana Consortium for Analytical Science & Engineering (ICASE), Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Eric V. Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, Washington, DC 20057, United States
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14
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Shirbhate ME, Kwon S, Song A, Kim S, Kim D, Huang H, Kim Y, Lee H, Kim SJ, Baik MH, Yoon J, Kim KM. Optical and Fluorescent Dual Sensing of Aminoalcohols by in Situ Generation of BODIPY-like Chromophore. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4975-4979. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Eknath Shirbhate
- Department of Chemistry & Nanosciences (BK21 Plus), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Seongyeon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ayoung Song
- Department of Chemistry & Nanosciences (BK21 Plus), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Seungha Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Dayeh Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Nanosciences (BK21 Plus), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Haofei Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Youngmee Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Nanosciences (BK21 Plus), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Hanna Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Nanosciences (BK21 Plus), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry & Nanosciences (BK21 Plus), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Kwan Mook Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Nanosciences (BK21 Plus), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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15
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Hassan DS, Thanzeel FY, Wolf C. Stereochemical analysis of chiral amines, diamines, and amino alcohols: Practical chiroptical sensing based on dynamic covalent chemistry. Chirality 2020; 32:457-463. [PMID: 32027416 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Practical chiroptical sensing with a small group of commercially available aromatic aldehydes is demonstrated. Schiff base formation between the electron-deficient 2,4-dinitrobenzaldehyde probe and either primary amines, diamines, or amino alcohols proceeds smoothly in chloroform at room temperature and is completed in the presence of molecular sieves within 2.5 hours. The substrate binding coincides with a distinct circular dichroism signal induction at approximately 330 nm, which can be correlated to the absolute configuration and enantiomeric composition of the analyte. The usefulness of this sensing method is highlighted with the successful sensing of 18 aliphatic and aromatic amines and amino alcohols and five examples showing quantitative %ee determination with good accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandra S Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - F Yushra Thanzeel
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
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16
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De los Santos ZA, MacAvaney S, Russell K, Wolf C. Tandem Use of Optical Sensing and Machine Learning for the Determination of Absolute Configuration, Enantiomeric and Diastereomeric Ratios, and Concentration of Chiral Samples. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean MacAvaney
- Department of Computer Science Georgetown University Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Katina Russell
- Department of Computer Science Georgetown University Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Washington DC 20057 USA
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17
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De Los Santos ZA, MacAvaney S, Russell K, Wolf C. Tandem Use of Optical Sensing and Machine Learning for the Determination of Absolute Configuration, Enantiomeric and Diastereomeric Ratios, and Concentration of Chiral Samples. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:2440-2448. [PMID: 31714669 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an optical method for accurate concentration, er, and dr analysis of amino alcohols based on a simple mix-and-measure workflow that is fully adaptable to multiwell plate technology and microscale analysis. The conversion of the four aminoindanol stereoisomers with salicylaldehyde to the corresponding Schiff base allows analysis of the dr based on a change in the UV maximum at 420 nm that is very different for the homo- and heterochiral diastereomers and of the concentration of the sample using a hypsochromic shift of another absorption band around 340 nm that is independent of the analyte stereochemistry. Subsequent in situ formation of CuII assemblies in the absence and presence of base enables quantification of the er values for each diastereomeric pair by CD analysis. Applying a linear programming method and a parameter sweep algorithm, we determined the concentration and relative amounts of each of the four stereoisomers in 20 samples of vastly different stereoisomeric compositions with an averaged absolute percent error of 1.7 %.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean MacAvaney
- Department of Computer Science, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Katina Russell
- Department of Computer Science, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
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18
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Thanzeel FY, Balaraman K, Wolf C. Streamlined Asymmetric Reaction Development: A Case Study with Isatins. Chemistry 2019; 25:11020-11025. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Yushra Thanzeel
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Kaluvu Balaraman
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets Washington DC 20057 USA
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19
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Pilicer SL, Mancinelli M, Mazzanti A, Wolf C. Predictive chirality sensing via Schiff base formation. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6699-6705. [PMID: 31243416 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01265f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Among the large number of chiroptical sensors that have been developed to date, few allow rational determination of the absolute configuration of chiral substrates together with quantitative ee analysis. We have prepared and tested stereodynamic N-aryl aminobenzaldehyde sensors that bind chiral amines via Schiff base formation. The covalent binding of the amine substrate generates a conformational bias in the chromophoric sensor moiety which results in characteristic CD signals. Computational analysis revealed that CD prediction of the sign of the Cotton effect and thus determination of the absolute configuration of the substrate becomes practical with a sterically crowded sensor design because the number of conformations to be considered is largely reduced and the chiroptical sensor response is less sensitive to conformational equilibria. The amplitude of the measured CD signal can be used for quantitative ee analysis of nonracemic amine samples with the help of a calibration curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Pilicer
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Michele Mancinelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Mazzanti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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20
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Tang Q, Zhao L, Xie J, Liu K, Liu W, Zhou S. Deviations from Beer's law in electronic absorption and circular dichroism: Detection for enantiomeric excess analysis. Chirality 2019; 31:492-501. [PMID: 31111586 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The electronic absorption (UV) to circular dichroism (CD) signal ratio can be used for enantiomeric excess (ee) analysis within linear range. However, CD detection often requires a high sample concentration where deviations from Beer's law may occur. Individual enantiomers of four chiral compounds were separated from commercial racemates by semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with chiral columns. They were used to trace possible deviations in both UV and CD detection on achiral HPLC with a photodiode array detector and a CD detector. The CD/UV ratios for samples with the same ee value decreased by up to 7.8 to 52% when the injection volume increased, indicating that the linear standard curve of ee versus CD/UV is only valid within a narrow range. To extend the sample amount to a wider range, a data-processing method was developed based on two second-order polynomial functions, which were constructed to fit the relationship between the intensities of the UV and CD signals for two enantiomers. Moreover, a more simplified method based on a third-order polynomial function was established to calculate the ee values. The variations between the predicted and experimental ee values were within ±0.08 for both methods. To our knowledge, this is the first study that the deviations from Beer's law are considered in both UV and CD detection for ee analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaozhi Tang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingqian Xie
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, W. M. Keck Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Weiping Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Vergura S, Pisani L, Scafato P, Casarini D, Superchi S. Central-to-axial chirality induction in biphenyl chiroptical probes for the stereochemical characterization of chiral primary amines. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:555-565. [PMID: 29292442 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02730c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Flexible biphenyls have been applied as efficient and practical chiroptical probes for absolute configuration assignment to chiral primary amines. The mechanism of the central-to-axial chirality transfer from the amine moiety to the conformationally flexible biphenyl system has been determined by NMR and computational studies. This allowed proposing a general non-empirical rule in order to establish, simply by looking at the sign of the 250 nm A band in the ECD spectrum of the biphenyl derivative, the torsion of the biphenyl and thus the absolute configuration of the amine. The method proved to be very reliable and sensitive, allowing treatment of samples on the μmol scale and permitting the simultaneous determination of the amine sample's absolute configuration and enantiopurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vergura
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy.
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22
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Welch CJ. High throughput analysis enables high throughput experimentation in pharmaceutical process research. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00234k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
High throughput experimentation has become widely used in the discovery and development of new medicines.
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23
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Noji M, Takanami T, Hayashi S, Takeda S. Direct Determination of the Absolute Configurations of Chiral Cyanohydrins Using Bis(zinc porphyrin) as a CD-Sensitive Bidentate Host. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-19-14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Click chemistry enables quantitative chiroptical sensing of chiral compounds in protic media and complex mixtures. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5323. [PMID: 30552322 PMCID: PMC6294054 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07695-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Click reactions have become powerful synthetic tools with unique applications in the health and materials sciences. Despite the progress with optical sensors that exploit the principles of dynamic covalent chemistry, metal coordination or supramolecular assemblies, quantitative analysis of complex mixtures remains challenging. Herein, we report the use of a readily available coumarin conjugate acceptor for chiroptical click chirality sensing of the absolute configuration, concentration and enantiomeric excess of several compound classes. This method has several attractive features, including wide scope, fast substrate fixation without by-product formation or complicate equilibria often encountered in reversible substrate binding, excellent solvent compatibility, and tolerance of air and water. The ruggedness and practicality of this approach are demonstrated by comprehensive analysis of nonracemic monoamine samples and crude asymmetric imine hydrogenation mixtures without work-up. Click chemosensing addresses increasingly important time efficiency, cost, labor and chemical sustainability aspects and streamlines asymmetric reaction development at the mg scale.
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25
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Yang Y, Liang J, Pan F, Wang Z, Zhang J, Amin K, Fang J, Zou W, Chen Y, Shi X, Wei Z. Macroscopic helical chirality and self-motion of hierarchical self-assemblies induced by enantiomeric small molecules. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3808. [PMID: 30228273 PMCID: PMC6143534 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfer of molecular chirality to supramolecular chirality at nanoscale and microscale by chemical self-assembly has been studied intensively for years. However, how such molecular chirality further transfers to the macroscale along the same path remains elusive. Here we reveal how the chirality from molecular level transfers to macroscopic level via self-assembly. We assemble a macrostripe using enantiomeric camphorsulfonic acid (CSA)-doped polyaniline with hierarchical order. The stripe can twist into a single-handed helical ribbon via helical self-motion. A multi-scale chemo-mechanical model is used to elucidate the mechanism underlying its chirality transfer and induction. The molecular origin of this macroscopic helical chirality is verified. Results provide a comprehensive understanding of hierarchical chirality transfer and helical motion in self-assembled materials and even their natural analogues. The stripe exhibits disparate actuation behaviour under stimuli of enantiomeric amines and integrating such chiral perception with helical self-motion may motivate chiral biomimetic studies of smart materials. Chirality transfer by chemical self-assembly has been studied intensively for years but chirality transfers along the same path remains elusive. Here the authors use a multiscale chemo-mechanical model to elucidate the mechanism underlying the chirality transfer via self-assembly in hierarchical camphorsulfonic acid doped polyaniline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China.,Institute of Solid Mechanics, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Kamran Amin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Yuli Chen
- Institute of Solid Mechanics, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghua Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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26
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Wu J, Liang W, Niu T, Wu W, Zhou D, Fan C, Ji J, Gao G, Men J, Yang Y, Yang C. Induced chirality sensing through formation and aggregation of the chiral imines double winged with pyrenes or perylenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9206-9209. [PMID: 30065991 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03660h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of chiral amines with benzaldehydes 3,5-disubstituted by two pyrenes or perylenes afforded corresponding double winged chiral imines, which aggregated to show significantly enhanced circular dichroism spectra at the transition bands of the chromophores in the mixture solutions of DMF and H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical Center, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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27
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Herrera BT, Pilicer SL, Anslyn EV, Joyce LA, Wolf C. Optical Analysis of Reaction Yield and Enantiomeric Excess: A New Paradigm Ready for Prime Time. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10385-10401. [PMID: 30059621 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This Perspective highlights the advances of optical methods for asymmetric reaction discovery. Optical analysis allows for the determination of absolute configuration, enantiomeric excess and reaction yield that is amenable to high-throughput experimentation. Thus, the synthetic organic community is encouraged to incorporate the methods discussed to expedite the development of high-yielding, enantioselective transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenden T Herrera
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Samantha L Pilicer
- Department of Chemistry , Georgetown University , Washington, D.C. 20057 , United States
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Leo A Joyce
- Department of Process Research & Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry , Georgetown University , Washington, D.C. 20057 , United States
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28
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De los Santos ZA, Legaux NM, Wolf C. Chirality sensing with stereodynamic copper(I) complexes. Chirality 2017; 29:663-669. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Washington D.C. USA
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29
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Seo MS, Sun D, Kim H. Stereoselective Chiral Recognition of Amino Alcohols with 2,2′-Dihydroxybenzil. J Org Chem 2017; 82:6586-6591. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seob Seo
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Daeyoung Sun
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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30
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Thanzeel FY, Wolf C. Substrate‐Specific Amino Acid Sensing Using a Molecular
d
/
l
‐Cysteine Probe for Comprehensive Stereochemical Analysis in Aqueous Solution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7276-7281. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Yushra Thanzeel
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets Washington DC 20057 USA
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31
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Thanzeel FY, Wolf C. Substratspezifische Analyse von Aminosäuren mit Sensoren für
d
/
l
‐Cystein: umfassende stereochemische Untersuchungen in wässriger Lösung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Yushra Thanzeel
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets Washington DC 20057 USA
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32
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Xiao M, Yu S, Chen L, Huang Z, Wen K, Xu Y, Zhao F, Yu X, Pu L. Fluorous‐Phase‐Based Chiral Assay with Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China
| | - Liming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China
| | - Zeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China
| | - Kaili Wen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China
| | - Yimang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China
| | - Lin Pu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia McCormick Rd 22904 Charlottesville VA USA
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33
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Zhang J, Gholami H, Ding X, Chun M, Vasileiou C, Nehira T, Borhan B. Computationally Aided Absolute Stereochemical Determination of Enantioenriched Amines. Org Lett 2017; 19:1362-1365. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Hadi Gholami
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Xinliang Ding
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Minji Chun
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Chrysoula Vasileiou
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Tatsuo Nehira
- Graduate
School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Babak Borhan
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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34
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Pilicer SL, Bakhshi PR, Bentley KW, Wolf C. Biomimetic Chirality Sensing with Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1758-1761. [PMID: 28128945 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) is introduced to a biomimetic indicator displacement assay for simultaneous determination of the absolute configuration, enantiomeric composition and concentration of unprotected amino acids, amino alcohols and amines. The chiroptical assay is based on fast imine metathesis with a PLP aryl imine probe to capture the target compound for circular dichroism and fluorescence sensing analysis. The substrate binding yields characteristic Cotton effects that provide information about the target compound ee and the synchronous release of the indicator results in a nonenantioselective off-on fluorescence response that is independent of the enantiomeric sample composition and readily correlated to the total analyte concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Pilicer
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Pegah R Bakhshi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Keith W Bentley
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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35
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Barhate CL, Joyce LA, Makarov AA, Zawatzky K, Bernardoni F, Schafer WA, Armstrong DW, Welch CJ, Regalado EL. Ultrafast chiral separations for high throughput enantiopurity analysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:509-512. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08512a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast chiral chromatography enables high throughput enantiopurity analysis (over one thousand samples in an 8 h workday) for enantioselective synthesis investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leo A. Joyce
- Process Research & Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co., Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | | | | | | | - Wes A. Schafer
- Process Research & Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co., Inc
- Rahway
- USA
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36
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Brown FK, Sherer EC, Johnson SA, Holloway MK, Sherborne BS. The evolution of drug design at Merck Research Laboratories. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2016; 31:255-266. [PMID: 27878643 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-016-9993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
On October 5, 1981, Fortune magazine published a cover article entitled the "Next Industrial Revolution: Designing Drugs by Computer at Merck". With a 40+ year investment, we have been in the drug design business longer than most. During its history, the Merck drug design group has had several names, but it has always been in the "design" business, with the ultimate goal to provide an actionable hypothesis that could be tested experimentally. Often the result was a small molecule but it could just as easily be a peptide, biologic, predictive model, reaction, process, etc. To this end, the concept of design is now front and center in all aspects of discovery, safety assessment and early clinical development. At present, the Merck design group includes computational chemistry, protein structure determination, and cheminformatics. By bringing these groups together under one umbrella, we were able to align activities and capabilities across multiple research sites and departments. This alignment from 2010 to 2016 resulted in an 80% expansion in the size of the department, reflecting the increase in impact due to a significant emphasis across the organization to "design first" along the entire drug discovery path from lead identification (LID) to first in human (FIH) dosing. One of the major advantages of this alignment has been the ability to access all of the data and create an adaptive approach to the overall LID to FIH pathway for any modality, significantly increasing the quality of candidates and their probability of success. In this perspective, we will discuss how we crafted a new strategy, defined the appropriate phenotype for group members, developed the right skillsets, and identified metrics for success in order to drive continuous improvement. We will not focus on the tactical implementation, only giving specific examples as appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank K Brown
- Structural Chemistry Department, MRL Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA.
| | - Edward C Sherer
- Structural Chemistry Department, MRL Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Scott A Johnson
- Structural Chemistry Department, MRL Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Bradley S Sherborne
- Structural Chemistry Department, MRL Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
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37
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De Los Santos ZA, Wolf C. Chiroptical Asymmetric Reaction Screening via Multicomponent Self-Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13517-13520. [PMID: 27696842 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of a stereodynamic phosphine ligand, Pd(II), and a chiral amine, amino alcohol, or amino acid generates characteristic UV and CD signals that can be used for quantitative stereochemical analysis of the bound substrate. A robust mix-and-measure chiroptical sensing protocol has been developed and used to determine the absolute configuration, ee, and yield of an amine produced by Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of an iminium salt. The analysis requires only 1 mg of the crude reaction mixture and minimizes cost, labor, time, and waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeus A De Los Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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38
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Joyce LA, Regalado EL, Welch CJ. Hydroxypyridyl Imines: Enhancing Chromatographic Separation and Stereochemical Analysis of Chiral Amines via Circular Dichroism. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8199-205. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leo A. Joyce
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Erik L. Regalado
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Christopher J. Welch
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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39
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Xiong JB, Feng HT, Sun JP, Xie WZ, Yang D, Liu M, Zheng YS. The Fixed Propeller-Like Conformation of Tetraphenylethylene that Reveals Aggregation-Induced Emission Effect, Chiral Recognition, and Enhanced Chiroptical Property. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:11469-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bin Xiong
- Key
Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage,
Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hai-Tao Feng
- Key
Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage,
Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jian-Ping Sun
- Key
Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage,
Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wen-Zhao Xie
- Key
Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage,
Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yan-Song Zheng
- Key
Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage,
Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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40
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Bentley KW, Proano D, Wolf C. Chirality imprinting and direct asymmetric reaction screening using a stereodynamic Brønsted/Lewis acid receptor. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12539. [PMID: 27549926 PMCID: PMC4996974 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular recognition, activation and dynamic self-assembly with Brønsted and Lewis acids play a central role across the chemical sciences including catalysis, crystal engineering, supramolecular architectures and drug design. Despite this general advance, the utilization of the corresponding binding motifs for fast and robust quantitative chemosensing of chiral compounds in a complicate matrix has remained challenging. Here we show that a stereodynamic probe carrying complementary boronic acid and urea units achieves this goal with hydroxy carboxylic acids. Synergistic dual-site binding and instantaneous chirality imprinting result in characteristic ultraviolet and CD readouts that allow instantaneous determination of the absolute configuration, enantiomeric excess and concentration of the target compound even in complex mixtures. The robustness and practicality of this strategy for high-throughput screening purposes is demonstrated. Comprehensive sensing of only 0.5 mg of a crude reaction mixture of an asymmetric reduction eliminates cumbersome work-up protocols and minimizes analysis time, labour and waste production. Determining results of asymmetric reactions can take long periods of time and consume large amounts of organic solvents during work-up and analysis. Here, the authors report a bifunctional organic probe that can bind to chiral hydroxyacids, and provide yield, enantiomeric excess and absolute configuration even with crude mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith W Bentley
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Daysi Proano
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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41
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Bentley KW, Zhang P, Wolf C. Miniature high-throughput chemosensing of yield, ee, and absolute configuration from crude reaction mixtures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1501162. [PMID: 26933684 PMCID: PMC4758738 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput experimentation (HTE) has emerged as a widely used technology that accelerates discovery and optimization processes with parallel small-scale reaction setups. A high-throughput screening (HTS) method capable of comprehensive analysis of crude asymmetric reaction mixtures (eliminating product derivatization or isolation) would provide transformative impact by matching the pace of HTE. We report how spontaneous in situ construction of stereodynamic metal probes from readily available, inexpensive starting materials can be applied to chiroptical chemosensing of the total amount, enantiomeric excess (ee), and absolute configuration of a wide variety of amines, diamines, amino alcohols, amino acids, carboxylic acids, α-hydroxy acids, and diols. This advance and HTS potential are highlighted with the analysis of 1 mg of crude reaction mixtures of a catalytic asymmetric reaction. This operationally simple assay uses a robust mix-and-measure protocol, is amenable to microscale platforms and automation, and provides critical time efficiency and sustainability advantages over traditional serial methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith W. Bentley
- Chemistry Department, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Chemistry Department, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Chemistry Department, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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42
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De los Santos ZA, Ding R, Wolf C. Quantitative chirality sensing of amines and amino alcohols via Schiff base formation with a stereodynamic UV/CD probe. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1934-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02529j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A readily available probe is used for quantitative sensing of the concentration and ee of chiral amines and amino alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ransheng Ding
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgetown University
- Washington
- USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgetown University
- Washington
- USA
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43
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Bentley KW, Santos ZA, Weiss MJ, Wolf C. Chirality Sensing With Stereodynamic Biphenolate Zinc Complexes. Chirality 2015; 27:700-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeus A. Santos
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Washington D.C
| | - Mary J. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Washington D.C
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Washington D.C
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44
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Regalado EL, Welch CJ. Pushing the speed limit in enantioselective supercritical fluid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2826-32. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik L. Regalado
- Process & Analytical Chemistry; Merck Research Laboratories; Rahway NJ USA
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45
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Hayashi S, Yotsukura M, Noji M, Takanami T. Bis(zinc porphyrin) as a CD-sensitive bidentate host molecule: direct determination of absolute configuration of mono-alcohols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:11068-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03303a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile and direct protocol to determine the absolute configurations of chiral mono-alcohols without analyte derivatization can now be realized using a novel circular dichroic (CD)-sensitive bis(zinc porphyrin) BP1 host system.
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