1
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Nicastri KA, Gerstner NC, Schomaker JM. Progress toward the Total Synthesis of Jogyamycin Using a Tandem Ichikawa/Winstein Rearrangement. Org Lett 2023; 25:8279-8283. [PMID: 37997640 PMCID: PMC10789149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Jogyamycin is a densely functionalized aminocyclopentitol that displays potent antiprotozoal activity. Herein, we report a route toward this natural product that utilizes an unprecedented transformation involving a tandem Ichikawa-Winstein rearrangement to install the C-1/C-2 diamine core. Attempts to further functionalize the C-3/C-4 alkene en route to jogyamycin are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A Nicastri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Nels C Gerstner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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2
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Lang K, Hu Y, Cindy Lee WC, Zhang XP. Combined radical and ionic approach for the enantioselective synthesis of β-functionalized amines from alcohols. NATURE SYNTHESIS 2022; 1:548-557. [PMID: 36713299 PMCID: PMC9881596 DOI: 10.1038/s44160-022-00107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Chiral amines are among the most important organic compounds and have widespread applications. Enantioselective construction of chiral amines is a major aim in organic synthesis. Among synthetic methods, direct functionalization of omnipresent C-H bonds with common organic nitrogen compounds represents one of the most attractive strategies. However, C-H amination strategies are largely limited to constructing a specific type of N-heterocycles or amine derivatives. To maximize the synthetic potential of asymmetric C-H amination, we report here an approach that unites the complementary reactivities of radical and ionic chemistry for streamlined synthesis of functionalized chiral amines. This synthesis merges the development of an enantioselective radical process for 1,5-C(sp 3)-H amination of alkoxysulfonyl azides via Co(II)-based metalloradical catalysis with an enantiospecific ionic process for ring-opening of the resulting five-membered chiral sulfamidates by nucleophiles. Given that alkoxysulfonyl azides are derived from the corresponding alcohols, this approach offers a powerful synthetic tool for enantioselective β-C-H amination of common alcohols while converting the hydroxy group to other functionalities through formal nucleophilic substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Wan-Chen Cindy Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - X. Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.,
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3
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Gerstner NC, Nicastri KA, Schomaker JM. Strategien für die Synthese von Pactamycin und Jogyamycin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nels C. Gerstner
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Kate A. Nicastri
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Jennifer M. Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
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4
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Ward RM, Schomaker JM. Allene Trifunctionalization via Amidyl Radical Cyclization and TEMPO Trapping. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8891-8899. [PMID: 34125539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Radical-mediated trifunctionalizations of allenes are virtually unknown, in contrast to well-studied radical difunctionalizations of alkenes and alkynes. In this article, we describe a light-promoted reaction that transforms all three allene carbons to new carbon-heteroatom bonds in one pot with no expensive transition-metal catalyst. Formation of an electron donor-acceptor complex between an electron-deficient aryl and K2CO3, followed by photochemical generation of an amidyl radical and cyclization, yields a vinyl radical that can be trapped by TEMPO to ultimately furnish the product. Insights into the impact of the allene substitution pattern, radical source, and donor are presented, along with studies to unravel the mechanism of this unusual transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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5
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Gerstner NC, Nicastri KA, Schomaker JM. Strategies for the Syntheses of Pactamycin and Jogyamycin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14252-14271. [PMID: 32392399 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pactamycin and jogyamycin are aminocyclopentitol natural products, where each core carbon bears a stereodefined alcohol or amine moiety. Their structural complexity, coupled with the diversity of functional groups coexisting in a condensed space, make them fascinating synthetic targets in their own right. Pactamycin and its derivatives bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit and display activity against parasites responsible for drug-resistant malaria and African sleeping sickness; however, efforts to develop their therapeutic potential have been hampered by their cellular toxicity. Interestingly, bioengineered analogues display differences in selectivity and toxicity towards mammalian cells, spurring efforts to develop flexible strategies to thoroughly probe structure-activity relationships (SAR), particularly in analogues lacking the C7 hydroxyl group of pactamycin. This review compares and contrasts approaches towards pactamycin and jogyamycin, including two successful total syntheses of the former. The implications of each route for preparing analogues to inform SAR and lead to compounds with increased selectivity for binding malarial over human ribosomes are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nels C Gerstner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kate A Nicastri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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6
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Additions of N, O, and S heteroatoms to metal-supported carbenes: Mechanism and synthetic applications in modern organic chemistry. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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7
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Pan B, Li F, Zhao Y. Synthesis and applications of methyleneaziridines. RSC Adv 2020; 10:39304-39322. [PMID: 35518396 PMCID: PMC9057395 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07663e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyleneaziridines (MAs) are a special subset of aziridines featuring an exocyclic C–C double bond on the three-membered ring. They have found great potential in organic synthesis. In this review, the structural characterization of MAs, synthetic methods, chemical transformations and mechanisms, especially the advances achieved over the past decade are comprehensively summarized. This review surveys the structural characterization, synthetic methods, chemical transformations and mechanisms of methyleneaziridines, especially the advances achieved over the past decade.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Pan
- Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang University of Science and Technology Shouguang China
| | - Feng Li
- Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang University of Science and Technology Shouguang China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University 850 Huanghe Road Dalian 116029 China
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8
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Dequina HJ, Schomaker JM. Aziridinium Ylides: Underutilized Intermediates for Complex Amine Synthesis. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2020; 2:874-887. [PMID: 33665590 DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Harnessing the chemistry of onium ylide intermediates generated from transition metal catalysis is a powerful strategy to convert simple precursors into complex scaffolds. While the chemistry of onium ylides has been studied for over three decades, transformations of aziridinium ylides have just recently emerged as a versatile way to exploit the strain of these reactive intermediates to furnish densely functionalized N-heterocycles in a highly stereocontrolled manner. Herein, we provide a short overview of the key concepts and recent developments in this area, with a focus on how mechanistic studies to delineate the factors controlling the reactivity of aziridinium ylides can stimulate fruitful future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary J Dequina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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9
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Eshon J, Nicastri KA, Schmid SC, Raskopf WT, Guzei IA, Fernández I, Schomaker JM. Intermolecular [3+3] ring expansion of aziridines to dehydropiperi-dines through the intermediacy of aziridinium ylides. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1273. [PMID: 32152321 PMCID: PMC7062875 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of N-heterocycles in drugs has stimulated diverse methods for their efficient syntheses. Methods that introduce significant stereochemical complexity are attractive for identifying new bioactive amine chemical space. Here, we report a [3 + 3] ring expansion of bicyclic aziridines and rhodium-bound vinyl carbenes to form complex dehydropiperidines in a highly stereocontrolled rearrangement. Mechanistic studies and DFT computations indicate that the reaction proceeds through formation of a vinyl aziridinium ylide; this reactive intermediate undergoes a pseudo-[1,4]-sigmatropic rearrangement to directly furnish heterocyclic products with net retention at the new C-C bond. In combination with asymmetric silver-catalyzed aziridination, enantioenriched scaffolds with up to three contiguous stereocenters are rapidly delivered. The mild reaction conditions, functional group tolerance, and high stereospecificity of this method are well-suited for appending piperidine motifs to natural product and complex molecules. Ultimately, our work establishes the value of underutilized aziridinium ylides as key intermediates for converting small, strained rings to larger N-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Eshon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kate A Nicastri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Steven C Schmid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - William T Raskopf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Ilia A Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avazanda (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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10
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Gerstner NC, Schomaker JM. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of the Aminocyclopentitol Core of Jogyamycin via an Ichikawa Rearrangement Reaction. J Org Chem 2019; 84:14092-14100. [PMID: 31578059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Jogyamycin is a member of the aminocyclopentitol class of natural products that exhibits significant antiprotozoal activities against diseases that include African sleeping sickness and malaria. Herein, we report a route to the core of this natural product via an underutilized Ichikawa rearrangement as a key step. This route efficiently forms the cyclopentane ring from simple and easily accessible starting materials and rapidly installs the C1/C4/C5 polar functional groups. In addition, this strategy shows excellent potential for the preparation of analogues of jogyamycin to study how structural changes impact the selectivity in binding to the ribosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nels C Gerstner
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
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11
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Luan Y, Cai Z, Li X, Ramella D, Miao Z, Wang W. An efficient Nozaki-Hiyama allenylation promoted by the acid derived MIL-101 MOF. RSC Adv 2019; 9:7479-7484. [PMID: 35519953 PMCID: PMC9061183 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09600g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A concise synthesis of the sulfonic acid-containing MIL-101 MOF catalyst was reported using commercially available materials. A series of characterization of as-synthesized MIL-101-SO3H including SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET and TGA was also demonstrated. Using MIL-101-SO3H as a catalyst, an efficient Nozaki-Hiyama allenylation reaction was achieved to generate various polyfunctionalized α-allenic alcohols in high yield and good selectivity. Taking advantage of the high acidity of the MIL-101-SO3H MOF structure, such transformations were also achieved under mild reaction conditions and short reaction times. Based on our observed evidence during this study, a mechanism was proposed involving a substrate activation/γ-nucleophilic addition reaction sequence. In addition, the MIL-101-SO3H catalyst can be recycled ten times during the Nozaki-Hiyama allenylation reaction without compromising the yield and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Zonghui Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Daniele Ramella
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University-Beury Hall 1901, N. 13th Street Philadelphia PA 19122 USA
| | - Zongcheng Miao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University Xi'an 710123 China
| | - Wenyu Wang
- Broad Institute 415 Main Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02142 USA
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12
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Schmid SC, Guzei IA, Fernández I, Schomaker JM. Ring Expansion of Bicyclic Methyleneaziridines via Concerted, Near-Barrierless [2,3]-Stevens Rearrangements of Aziridinium Ylides. ACS Catal 2018; 8:7907-7914. [PMID: 30294503 PMCID: PMC6173328 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of densely functionalized azetidinesin a highly stereocontrolled manner is challenging, but interest in the bioactivities of these small heterocycles has stimulated methods for their preparation. We recently reported a one-carbon ring expansion of bicyclic methylene aziridines under dirhodium catalysis capable of delivering enantioenriched azetidines. This work explores this ring expansion using computational and experimental studies. DFT computations indicate that the reaction proceeds through formation of an aziridinium ylide, which is precisely poised for concerted, asynchronous ring-opening/closing to deliver the azetidines in a [2,3]-Stevens-type rearrangement. The concerted nature of this rearrangement is responsible for the stereospecificity of the reaction, where axial chirality from the initial allene substrate is transferred to the azetidine product with complete fidelity. The computed mechanistic pathway highlights the key roles of the olefin and the rigid structure of the methylene aziridine in differentiating our observed ring expansion from competing cheletropic elimination pathways noted with ylides derived from typical aziridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C. Schmid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Organica I and Centro de Innovacioń en Química Avazanda (ORFEO−CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer M. Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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13
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Schmid SC, Guzei IA, Schomaker JM. A Stereoselective [3+1] Ring Expansion for the Synthesis of Highly Substituted Methylene Azetidines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12229-12233. [PMID: 28834110 PMCID: PMC5693379 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of rhodium-bound carbenes with strained bicyclic methylene aziridines results in a formal [3+1] ring expansion to yield highly substituted methylene azetidines with excellent regio- and stereoselectivity. The reaction appears to proceed through an ylide-type mechanism, where the unique strain and structure of the methylene aziridine promotes a ring-opening/ring-closing cascade that efficiently transfers chirality from substrate to product. The resultant products can be elaborated into new azetidine scaffolds containing vicinal tertiary-quaternary and even quaternary-quaternary stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Schmid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Ilia A Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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14
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Schmid SC, Guzei IA, Schomaker JM. A Stereoselective [3+1] Ring Expansion for the Synthesis of Highly Substituted Methylene Azetidines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven C. Schmid
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Jennifer M. Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
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15
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Liu L, Gerstner NC, Oxtoby LJ, Guzei IA, Schomaker JM. Fluorinated Amine Stereotriads via Allene Amination. Org Lett 2017; 19:3239-3242. [PMID: 28573862 PMCID: PMC5541934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of fluorine into organic scaffolds often improves the bioactivity of pharmaceutically relevant compounds. C-F/C-N/C-O stereotriad motifs are prevalent in antivirals, neuraminidase inhibitors, and modulators of androgen receptors, but are challenging to install. An oxidative allene amination strategy using Selectfluor rapidly delivers triply functionalized triads of the form C-F/C-N/C-O, exhibiting good scope and diastereoselectivity for all syn products. The resulting stereotriads are readily transformed into fluorinated pyrrolidines and protected α-, β-, and γ-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Nels C. Gerstner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Lucas J. Oxtoby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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16
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Liu J, Skaria M, Sharma P, Chiang YW, Liu RS. Ground-state dioxygen undergoes metal-free [3 + 2]-annulations with allenes and nitrosoarenes under ambient conditions. Chem Sci 2017; 8:5482-5487. [PMID: 28970928 PMCID: PMC5613744 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01770g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cycloadditions of molecular dioxygen with neutral π-bond motifs rely heavily on singlet-state 1O2, whereas ground state 3O2 is chemically inactive. Here we report novel [3 + 2]-annulations among ground-state 3O2 (1 bar), allenes, and nitrosoarenes at low temperatures, efficiently yielding dioxygen-containing oxacycles. With less hindered 1-arylallene derivatives, these dioxygen species undergo skeletal rearrangement to 3-hydroxy-1-ketonyl-2-imine oxides. These cycloadditions represent valuable one-pot O,N,O-trifunctionalizations of allenes. Our EPR experiments confirm the presence of 1,4-diradical intermediates from an allene/nitrosoarene mixture, which manifest the hidden diradical properties of nitrosoarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxian Liu
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing-Hua University , Hsinchu , Taiwan , Republic of China . .,College of Chemistry & Materials Science , Longyan University , Fujian , China
| | - Manisha Skaria
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing-Hua University , Hsinchu , Taiwan , Republic of China .
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing-Hua University , Hsinchu , Taiwan , Republic of China .
| | - Yun-Wei Chiang
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing-Hua University , Hsinchu , Taiwan , Republic of China .
| | - Rai-Shung Liu
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing-Hua University , Hsinchu , Taiwan , Republic of China .
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17
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Misale A, Niyomchon S, Maulide N. Cyclobutenes: At a Crossroad between Diastereoselective Syntheses of Dienes and Unique Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitutions. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:2444-2458. [PMID: 27797480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The rich chemistry of cyclobutanes is underpinned by a large body of synthetic literature devoted to their synthesis and decoration. This is motivated by the widespread representation of cyclobutane moieties in biologically active natural products and man-made molecules. Surprisingly, this vast array of knowledge finds no parallel in the chemistry of cyclobutenes, their unsaturated analogues. In particular, a dearth of methods to synthesize enantioenriched cyclobutenes is apparent upon cursory investigation of the literature. As a leading example, the photocycloaddition of maleic anhydride to acetylene or dichloroethylene, probably a benchmark of cyclobutene synthesis, delivers a meso cyclic anhydride which can be further converted to a cyclobutene product by enantioselective desymmetrization by ring opening. Nonetheless, such an approach delivers products with a rather inflexible substitution pattern around the four-membered ring. The lack of general approaches has motivated our group and others to develop novel routes to cyclobutene scaffolds, leading to the development of a strategy that combines photochemistry and catalysis. Indeed, we have coupled the simple and efficient photochemical isomerization of 2-pyrone into a strained bicyclo[2.2.0] lactone with palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation as a simple and versatile access to functionalized cyclobutenes. Several nucleophiles can be added to the activated, strained intermediate, including malonate anions and azlactones. The products are mono- and bicyclic building blocks richly decorated with functional groups. Importantly, they are formed with high levels of diastereoselectivity as expected by the tenets of palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation, which posit that the oxidative addition and nucleophilic capture steps proceed with inversion of configuration, resulting in overall retention (inversion + inversion). However, the transposition of the methodology to an asymmetric version subsequently led to the surprising discovery of a family of highly enantioselective, diastereodivergent catalytic processes. Indeed, we observed a ligand-dependent stereochemical outcome for a range of palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylations affording either overall retention or overall inversion of configuration, and that with very high levels of enantio- and diastereoselectivity. The new family of diastereodivergent reactions enables the conversion of the aforementioned racemic bicyclo[2.2.0] lactone into each of 4 stereoisomeric products, at will. Although the mechanistic details at the origin of this unusual stereodivergence are not yet fully elucidated, it became clear through our studies that unique Pd-allyl complexes, residing preferentially as their σ-(monohapto)-bound isomers, are at the heart of the process. The cyclobutenes prepared can also engage in electrocyclic ring-opening reactions (often spontaneous depending on the substitution pattern) that link this chemistry with that of diene and polyene frameworks. Using the strategies laid out above, our group was then able to harness the high stereospecificity of electrocyclic reactions and design modular syntheses of several natural products and natural product fragments. We believe that the methods presented herein shall soon pave the way for the streamlined synthesis of more complex polyenic natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Misale
- University of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Supaporn Niyomchon
- University of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- University of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Gerstner NC, Adams CS, Tretbar M, Schomaker JM. Stereocontrolled Syntheses of Seven-Membered Carbocycles by Tandem Allene Aziridination/[4+3] Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13240-13243. [PMID: 27709816 PMCID: PMC5218842 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A tandem allene aziridination/[4+3]/reduction sequence converts simple homoallenic sulfamates into densely functionalized aminated cycloheptenes, where the relative stereochemistry at five contiguous asymmetric centers can be controlled through the choice of the solvent and the reductant. The products resulting from this chemistry can be readily transformed into complex molecular scaffolds which contain up to seven contiguous stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nels C Gerstner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Christopher S Adams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Maik Tretbar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Gerstner NC, Adams CS, Tretbar M, Schomaker JM. Stereocontrolled Syntheses of Seven-Membered Carbocycles by Tandem Allene Aziridination/[4+3] Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nels C. Gerstner
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Christopher S. Adams
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Maik Tretbar
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Jennifer M. Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
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Gerstner NC, Adams CS, Grigg RD, Tretbar M, Rigoli JW, Schomaker JM. Diastereoselective Synthesis of the Aminocyclitol Core of Jogyamycin via an Allene Aziridination Strategy. Org Lett 2016; 18:284-7. [PMID: 26741730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative allene amination provides rapid access to densely functionalized amine-containing stereotriads through highly reactive bicyclic methyleneaziridine intermediates. This strategy has been demonstrated as a viable approach for the construction of the densely functionalized aminocyclitol core of jogyamycin, a natural product with potent antiprotozoal activity. Importantly, the flexibility of oxidative allene amination will enable the syntheses of modified aminocyclitol analogues of the jogyamycin core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nels C Gerstner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Christopher S Adams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - R David Grigg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Maik Tretbar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jared W Rigoli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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21
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Yang B, Ji X, Xue Y, Zhang H, Shen M, Jiang B, Li G. Asymmetric aza-Morita–Baylis–Hillman reactions of chiral N-phosphonyl imines with acrylates via GAP chemistry/technology. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:6024-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00847j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of aza-Morita–Baylis–Hillman acrylates have been synthesized by using chiral N-phosphonyl imines and GAP chemistry/technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhou Ji
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Yunsheng Xue
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Haowei Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Minxing Shen
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Guigen Li
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
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Burke EG, Schomaker JM. Oxidative Allene Amination for the Synthesis of Azetidin-3-ones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Burke EG, Schomaker JM. Oxidative allene amination for the synthesis of azetidin-3-ones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12097-101. [PMID: 26387687 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Regioselectivity in the aziridination of silyl-substituted homoallenic sulfamates is readily diverted to the distal double bond of the allene to yield endocyclic bicyclic methyleneaziridines with excellent stereocontrol. Subsequent reaction with electrophilic oxygen sources initiates facile rearrangement to densely functionalized, fused azetidin-3-ones in excellent d.r., effectively transferring the axial chirality of the allene to central chirality in the products. The steric nature of the silyl group dictates which of the two rings of the fused azetidin-3-one will undergo further functionalization, providing an additional element of diversity for the preparation of enantioenriched azetidine scaffolds with potential biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen G Burke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706 (USA)
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706 (USA).
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Han B, Huang W, Ren W, He G, Wang JH, Peng C. Asymmetric Synthesis of Cyclohexane-Fused Drug-Like Spirocyclic Scaffolds Containing Six Contiguous Stereogenic CentersviaOrganocatalytic Cascade Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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