1
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Del Giudice D, Spatola E, Valentini M, Ercolani G, Di Stefano S. Dissipative Dynamic Libraries (DDLs) and Dissipative Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry (DDCC). CHEMSYSTEMSCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.202200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Del Giudice
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma – Meccanismi di Reazione P.le A. Moro 5 I-00185 Roma Italy
| | - Emanuele Spatola
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma – Meccanismi di Reazione P.le A. Moro 5 I-00185 Roma Italy
| | - Matteo Valentini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma – Meccanismi di Reazione P.le A. Moro 5 I-00185 Roma Italy
| | - Gianfranco Ercolani
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche Università di Roma Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Roma Italy
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma – Meccanismi di Reazione P.le A. Moro 5 I-00185 Roma Italy
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2
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Del Giudice D, Valentini M, Melchiorre G, Spatola E, Di Stefano S. Dissipative Dynamic Covalent Chemistry (DDCvC) Based on the Transimination Reaction. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200685. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Del Giudice
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Matteo Valentini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Gabriele Melchiorre
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Emanuele Spatola
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
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3
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Schaufelberger F, Seigel K, Ramström O. Hydrogen-Bond Catalysis of Imine Exchange in Dynamic Covalent Systems. Chemistry 2020; 26:15581-15588. [PMID: 32427370 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The reversibility of imine bonds has been exploited to great effect in the field of dynamic covalent chemistry, with applications such as preparation of functional systems, dynamic materials, molecular machines, and covalent organic frameworks. However, acid catalysis is commonly needed for efficient equilibration of imine mixtures. Herein, it is demonstrated that hydrogen bond donors such as thioureas and squaramides can catalyze the equilibration of dynamic imine systems under unprecedentedly mild conditions. Catalysis occurs in a range of solvents and in the presence of many sensitive additives, showing moderate to good rate accelerations for both imine metathesis and transimination with amines, hydrazines, and hydroxylamines. Furthermore, the catalyst proved simple to immobilize, introducing both reusability and extended control of the equilibration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Schaufelberger
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Seigel
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave., Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, 39182, Kalmar, Sweden
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4
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Ter Huurne GM, Chidchob P, Long A, Martinez A, Palmans ARA, Vantomme G. Controlling the Length of Cooperative Supramolecular Polymers with Chain Cappers. Chemistry 2020; 26:9964-9970. [PMID: 32347608 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The design and the characterization of supramolecular additives to control the chain length of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) cooperative supramolecular polymers under thermodynamic equilibrium is unraveled. These additives act as chain cappers of supramolecular polymers and feature one face as reactive as the BTA discotic to interact strongly with the polymer end, whereas the other face is nonreactive and therefore impedes further polymerization. Such a design requires fine tuning of the conformational preorganization of the amides and the steric hindrance of the motif. The chain cappers studied are monotopic derivatives of BTA, modified by partial N-methylation of the amides or by positioning of a bulky cyclotriveratrylene cage on one face of the BTA unit. This study not only clarifies the interplay between structural variations and supramolecular interactions, but it also highlights the necessity to combine orthogonal characterization methods, spectroscopy and light scattering, to elucidate the structures and compositions of supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs M Ter Huurne
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Pongphak Chidchob
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Augustin Long
- CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Aix-Marseille Université, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre Martinez
- CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Aix-Marseille Université, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Anja R A Palmans
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ghislaine Vantomme
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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5
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Bravin C, Hunter CA. Template effects of vesicles in dynamic covalent chemistry. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9122-9125. [PMID: 34123161 PMCID: PMC8163447 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03185b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicle lipid bilayers have been employed as templates to modulate the product distribution in a dynamic covalent library of Michael adducts formed by mixing a Michael acceptor with thiols. In methanol solution, all possible Michael adducts were obtained in similar amounts. Addition of vesicles to the dynamic covalent library led to the formation of a single major product. The equilibrium constants for formation of the Michael adducts are similar for all of the thiols used in this experiment, and the effect of the vesicles on the composition of the library is attributed to the differential partitioning of the library members between the lipid bilayer and the aqueous solution. The results provide a quantitative approach for exploiting dynamic covalent chemistry within lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bravin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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6
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Gao TZ, Sun Z, Yan X, Wu HC, Yan H, Bao Z. Engineering Supramolecular Polymer Conformation for Efficient Carbon Nanotube Sorting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000923. [PMID: 32500637 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymer sorting is a promising approach to separating single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by electronic type. Unlike conjugated polymers, they can be easily removed from the CNTs after sorting by breaking the supramolecular bonds, allowing for isolation of electronically pristine CNTs as well as facile recycling of the sorting polymer. However, little is understood about how supramolecular polymer properties affect CNT sorting. Herein, chain stoppers are used to engineer the conformation of a supramolecular sorting polymer, thereby elucidating the relationship between sorting efficacy and polymer conformation. Through NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and thermodynamic modeling, it is shown that this supramolecular polymer exhibits ring-chain equilibrium, and that this equilibrium can be skewed toward chains by the addition of chain stoppers. Furthermore, by controlling the stopper-monomer ratio, the sorting yield can be doubled from 7% to 14% without compromising the semiconducting purity (>99%) or properties of sorted CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Z Gao
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zehao Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hung-Chin Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hongping Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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7
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Capocasa G, Di Berto Mancini M, Frateloreto F, Lanzalunga O, Olivo G, Di Stefano S. Easy Synthesis of a Self-Assembled Imine-Based Iron(II) Complex Endowed with Crown-Ether Receptors. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Capocasa
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Roma “La Sapienza”; and Istituto CNR per i Sistemi Biologici (ISB-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione; P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Marika Di Berto Mancini
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Roma “La Sapienza”; and Istituto CNR per i Sistemi Biologici (ISB-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione; P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Federico Frateloreto
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Roma “La Sapienza”; and Istituto CNR per i Sistemi Biologici (ISB-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione; P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Osvaldo Lanzalunga
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Roma “La Sapienza”; and Istituto CNR per i Sistemi Biologici (ISB-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione; P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Giorgio Olivo
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química; Universitat de Girona; Campus de Montilivi 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Roma “La Sapienza”; and Istituto CNR per i Sistemi Biologici (ISB-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione; P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
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8
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Komine S, Takahashi S, Kojima T, Sato H, Hiraoka S. Self-Assembly Processes of Octahedron-Shaped Pd6L4 Cages. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3178-3186. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Komine
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kojima
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sato
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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9
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Di Stefano S, Mandolini L. The canonical behavior of the entropic component of thermodynamic effective molarity. An attempt at unifying covalent and noncovalent cyclizations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:955-987. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06344c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The statistically corrected entropic component of effective molarity (EMS*) complies with the “canonical” values expressed by the log plot of EMS* vs. the number n of single bonds in the ring product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche-IMC
- Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”
- 00185 Rome
- Italy
| | - Luigi Mandolini
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche-IMC
- Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”
- 00185 Rome
- Italy
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10
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Liu C, Xia J, Ji S, Fan Z, Xu H. Visible-light-induced metathesis reaction between diselenide and ditelluride. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2813-2816. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00252a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-responsive metathesis reaction between diselenide and ditelluride proceeding through a radical mechanism without catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Xia
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shaobo Ji
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Fan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- People's Republic of China
| | - Huaping Xu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- People's Republic of China
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11
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Gardiner WH, Camilleri M, Martinez-Lozano LA, Bew SP, Stephenson GR. Upper-Rim Monofunctionalisation in the Synthesis of Triazole- and Disulfide-Linked Multicalix[4]- and -[6]arenes. Chemistry 2018; 24:19089-19097. [PMID: 30325070 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covalently linked multiple calixarenes are valued in supramolecular chemistry. This work reports an easy and versatile synthetic route to covalently linked double and triple calix[4]arene and calix[6]arenes by a novel DMF-controlled selective alkylation of a convenient and readily available upper-rim dimethylaminomethyl-substituted tetrahydroxy and hexahydroxy calix[4]arene and -[6]arenes. Synthetic routes to upper-rim functionalised redox active disulfide-linked double-, tetra- and peptidohybrid-calixarenes employing either redox chemistry (CH2 SH) or thiolates (CH2 S- ) are also opened up from the same key starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Gardiner
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Matthew Camilleri
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.,School of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lozano
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Sean P Bew
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - G Richard Stephenson
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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12
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Berrocal JA, Baker MB, Baldini L, Casnati A, Di Stefano S. Inherently chiral cone-calix[4]arenes via a subsequent upper rim ring-closing/opening methodology. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:7255-7264. [PMID: 30259046 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01813h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Access to chiral calix[4]arenes can unlock novel supramolecular architectures for enantioselective catalysis and molecular recognition. However, accessibility to these structures has been significantly hindered so far. We report herein the synthesis and characterization of di- and trifunctionalized cone-calix[4]arenes featuring a lactone moiety spanning the distal positions at the upper rim. The lactones force the whole skeleton to assume pinched-cone conformations. The ring-closure is favored by the high conformational flexibility of the calixarene scaffold. The new lactones are remarkably stable in the solid state, while a quick hydrolysis to restore the parent carboxylic acids occurs in solution under acidic/basic conditions. Slow aminolyses of lactones 2-3 yield inherently chiral products featuring three different functionalities at the upper rim, at room temperature. The subsequent ring-closing/opening methodology presented here highlights the versatility of these lactones as powerful synthons for the preparation of a variety of threefold upper rim functionalized, inherently chiral calix[4]arenes fixed in the cone structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Augusto Berrocal
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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13
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Bravin C, Badetti E, Puttreddy R, Pan F, Rissanen K, Licini G, Zonta C. Binding Profiles of Self-Assembled Supramolecular Cages from ESI-MS Based Methodology. Chemistry 2018; 24:2936-2943. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bravin
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Padova; via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova (PD) Italy
| | - Elena Badetti
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Padova; via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova (PD) Italy
| | - Rakesh Puttreddy
- Nanoscience Center; Department of Chemistry; University of Jyvaskyla; P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyvaskyla Finland
| | - Fangfang Pan
- Nanoscience Center; Department of Chemistry; University of Jyvaskyla; P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyvaskyla Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Nanoscience Center; Department of Chemistry; University of Jyvaskyla; P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyvaskyla Finland
| | - Giulia Licini
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Padova; via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova (PD) Italy
| | - Cristiano Zonta
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Padova; via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova (PD) Italy
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14
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Baba A, Kojima T, Hiraoka S. Quantitative Analysis of the Self-Assembly Process of Hexagonal Pt II Macrocyclic Complexes: Effect of the Solvent and the Components. Chemistry 2018; 24:838-847. [PMID: 28940878 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly process of three PtII -linked hexagonal macrocycles consisting of dinuclear PtII complexes and organic ditopic ligands was investigated in polar and less polar solvents by a recently developed approach: quantitative analysis of the self-assembly process (QASAP). In polar CD3 NO2 , for all the three macrocycles, an ML2 complex was the dominant intermediate during self-assembly, as a result of high positive allosteric cooperativity for the ligand exchange on the PtII centers of the dinuclear PtII complexes. On the other hand, in less polar CD2 Cl2 , the self-assembly process was affected by the components. For two of the three macrocycles, the chainlike oligomers that contain fewer metals and ligands than the corresponding macrocycles grew with time and the type of the chainlike intermediates formed correlated with the allostericity of the two binding sites in the organic ditopic ligands. In every case, no long oligomers containing more components than the macrocycles themselves were produced during the self-assembly even though free rotation around single bonds in the chainlike oligomers allows them to adopt various conformations that do not facilitate the cyclization. This result suggests that electrostatic and/or steric factors besides rigidity of the components make the cyclization advantageous not only thermodynamically but also kinetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Baba
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kojima
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Badetti E, Carmo dos Santos NA, Scaramuzzo FA, Bravin C, Wurst K, Licini G, Zonta C. Diasteroselective multi-component assemblies from dynamic covalent imine condensation and metal-coordination chemistry: mechanism and narcissistic stereochemistry self-sorting. RSC Adv 2018; 8:19494-19498. [PMID: 35540993 PMCID: PMC9080712 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03989e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly of a modified tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine TPMA ligand, zinc(ii) or cobalt(ii) ions, and amino acids have been used effectively as stereo dynamic optical probes for the determination of the enantiomeric excess of free amino acids either using Electronic or Vibrational Circular Dichroism (CD and VCD). Herein, we report the mechanistic and stereochemical study of the self-assembly process which reveals a complex equilibrium in solution where even small variations in the experimental conditions can profoundly affect the final products of the reaction. In particular, variation on the metal stoichiometry switch give rises to an entirely enantio narcissistic self-assembly of the structure. Enantio narcissistic self-assembly is observed in a multi-metallic structure used as stereodynamic probe for CD measurements.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Badetti
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- Via Marzolo 1
- 35131 Padova (PD)
- Italy
| | | | | | - Carlo Bravin
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- Via Marzolo 1
- 35131 Padova (PD)
- Italy
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of General
- Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Innsbruck
- 6020 Innsbruck
- Austria
| | - Giulia Licini
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- Via Marzolo 1
- 35131 Padova (PD)
- Italy
| | - Cristiano Zonta
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- Via Marzolo 1
- 35131 Padova (PD)
- Italy
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16
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Matysiak BM, Nowak P, Cvrtila I, Pappas CG, Liu B, Komáromy D, Otto S. Antiparallel Dynamic Covalent Chemistries. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6744-6751. [PMID: 28440073 PMCID: PMC5438195 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ability to design reaction networks with high, but addressable complexity is a necessary prerequisite to make advanced functional chemical systems. Dynamic combinatorial chemistry has proven to be a useful tool in achieving complexity, however with some limitations in controlling it. Herein we introduce the concept of antiparallel chemistries, in which the same functional group can be channeled into one of two reversible chemistries depending on a controllable parameter. Such systems allow both for achieving complexity, by combinatorial chemistry, and addressing it, by switching from one chemistry to another by controlling an external parameter. In our design the two antiparallel chemistries are thiol-disulfide exchange and thio-Michael addition, sharing the thiol as the common building block. By means of oxidation and reduction the system can be reversibly switched from predominantly thio-Michael chemistry to predominantly disulfide chemistry, as well as to any intermediate state. Both chemistries operate in water, at room temperature, and at mildly basic pH, which makes them a suitable platform for further development of systems chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz M Matysiak
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw , Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Nowak
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivica Cvrtila
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Charalampos G Pappas
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bin Liu
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dávid Komáromy
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijbren Otto
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Albano S, Olivo G, Mandolini L, Massera C, Ugozzoli F, Di Stefano S. Formation of Imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine Derivatives Due to the Action of Fe 2+ on Dynamic Libraries of Imines. J Org Chem 2017; 82:3820-3825. [PMID: 28322557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine derivative was unexpectedly obtained through the action of Fe2+ on a dynamic library of imines generated in situ via condensation of benzaldehyde and 2-picolylamine. The reaction product was easily isolated as the only nitrogen-containing product eluted from the chromatographic column. A reaction mechanism is proposed, in which combined kinetic and thermodynamic effects exerted by Fe2+ on the various steps of the complex reaction sequence are discussed. The Fe2+ nature of the added metal cation was found to be pivotal for the achievement of the imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine derivative as well as its amount in the reaction mixture. When the electronic effects were evaluated, gratifying yields were obtained only in the presence of moderately electron-releasing or moderately electron-withdrawing groups on the aldehyde reactant. No traces of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives were obtained for p-OCH3 and p-NO2 benzaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Albano
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche-IMC, Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Olivo
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche-IMC, Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Mandolini
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche-IMC, Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Massera
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Parma , Viale delle Scienze 17/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Franco Ugozzoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Parma , Viale delle Scienze 17/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche-IMC, Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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18
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Abstract
On the basis of many literature measurements, a critical overview is given on essential noncovalent interactions in synthetic supramolecular complexes, accompanied by analyses with selected proteins. The methods, which can be applied to derive binding increments for single noncovalent interactions, start with the evaluation of consistency and additivity with a sufficiently large number of different host-guest complexes by applying linear free energy relations. Other strategies involve the use of double mutant cycles, of molecular balances, of dynamic combinatorial libraries, and of crystal structures. Promises and limitations of these strategies are discussed. Most of the analyses stem from solution studies, but a few also from gas phase. The empirically derived interactions are then presented on the basis of selected complexes with respect to ion pairing, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic contributions, halogen bonding, π-π-stacking, dispersive forces, cation-π and anion-π interactions, and contributions from the hydrophobic effect. Cooperativity in host-guest complexes as well as in self-assembly, and entropy factors are briefly highlighted. Tables with typical values for single noncovalent free energies and polarity parameters are in the Supporting Information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Biedermann
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Schneider
- FR Organische Chemie der Universität des Saarlandes , D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
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19
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Laha JK, Satyanarayana Tummalapalli KS, Jethava KP. Implications of dynamic imine chemistry for the sustainable synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles via transimination followed by intramolecular cyclisation. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2473-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02670a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An application of dynamic imine chemistry to the sustainable synthesis of N-heterocycles from N-aryl benzylamines or imines and ortho-substituted anilines is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydev K. Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry)
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S. A. S. Nagar
- India
| | - K. S. Satyanarayana Tummalapalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry)
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S. A. S. Nagar
- India
| | - Krupal P. Jethava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry)
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S. A. S. Nagar
- India
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20
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Equilibrium Effective Molarity As a Key Concept in Ring-Chain Equilibria, Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry, Cooperativity and Self-assembly. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apoc.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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21
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Berrocal JA, Albano S, Mandolini L, Di Stefano S. A CuI-Based Metallo-Supramolecular Gel-Like Material Built from a Library of Oligomeric Ligands Featuring Exotopic 1,10-Phenanthroline Units. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Di Stefano S, Ercolani G. Catenation Equilibria Between Ring Oligomers and Their Relation to Effective Molarities: Models From Theories and Simulations. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201500050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Roma La Sapienza; P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Gianfranco Ercolani
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche; Università di Roma Tor Vergata; Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Roma Italy
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23
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Bracchi ME, Fulton DA. Orthogonal breaking and forming of dynamic covalent imine and disulfide bonds in aqueous solution. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:11052-5. [PMID: 26067447 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02716k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Orthogonal bond-breaking and forming of dynamic covalent disulfide and imine bonds in aqueous solution is demonstrated. Through judicious choice of reaction partners and conditions, it is possible to cleave and reform selectively these bonds in the presence of each other in the absence of unwanted competing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Bracchi
- A Chemical Nanoscience Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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24
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Ciaccia M, Di Stefano S. Mechanisms of imine exchange reactions in organic solvents. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:646-54. [PMID: 25415257 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02110j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The state of the art in the mechanisms operating in imine chemistry in organic solvents is critically discussed in the present review. In particular, the reaction pathways involved in imine formation, transimination and imine metathesis in organic media are taken into account, with the aim of organizing the poor, and sometimes scattered, information available in the literature. It is shown that 4-membered cyclic transition states, either polar or apolar, can be considered a leitmotif for the chemistry of imines in organic solvents. However, it is pointed out that further investigations will be necessary to reach an adequate degree of knowledge of the mechanisms involved in such important reversible processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ciaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
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