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Zhou H, Pang XY, Wang X, Yao H, Yang LP, Jiang W. Biomimetic Recognition of Quinones in Water by an Endo-Functionalized Cavity with Anthracene Sidewalls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25981-25987. [PMID: 34569134 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Selective molecular recognition in water is the foundation of numerous biological functions but is a challenge for most synthetic hosts. We employ the concept of endo-functionalized cavity and the strategy of simultaneous construction to address this issue. The concept and the strategy were demonstrated in the construction of a biomimetic host for selectively recognizing quinones in water. The host was synthesized by joining two pieces of bent anthracene dimer through amide bond formation, affording a deep hydrophobic cavity and inward-directing hydrogen bonding sites. The host can recognize quinones over their close analogues in water, and its association affinity to p-benzoquinone is the highest among all the known hosts and is even comparable to that of the bioreceptor. The binding with an anthraquinone reaches nanomolar affinity. Shielded hydrogen bonding, C-H⋅⋅⋅π, and charge transfer interactions, and the hydrophobic effect are responsible for the high binding affinity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin-Yu Pang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huan Yao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liu-Pan Yang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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2
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Zhou H, Pang X, Wang X, Yao H, Yang L, Jiang W. Biomimetic Recognition of Quinones in Water by an
Endo
‐Functionalized Cavity with Anthracene Sidewalls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xin‐Yu Pang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Huan Yao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Liu‐Pan Yang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
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3
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Synthesis of a triethylene glycol-capped benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']bis[2]benzopyran-5,12-dione: A highly soluble dilactone-bridged p-terphenyl with a crankshaft architecture. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Liu W, Lin C, Weber JA, Stern CL, Young RM, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. Cyclophane-Sustained Ultrastable Porphyrins. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8938-8945. [PMID: 32243141 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We report the encapsulation of free-base and zinc porphyrins by a tricyclic cyclophane receptor with subnanomolar binding affinities in water. The high affinities are sustained by the hydrophobic effect and multiple [CH···π] interactions covering large [π···π] stacking surfaces between the substrate porphyrins and the receptor. We discovered two co-conformational isomers of the 1:1 complex, where the porphyrin is orientated differently inside the binding cavity of the receptor on account of its tricyclic nature. The photophysical properties and chemical reactivities of the encapsulated porphyrins are modulated to a considerable extent by the receptor. Improved fluorescence quantum yields, red-shifted absorptions and emissions, and nearly quantitative energy transfer processes highlight the emergent photophysical enhancements. The encapsulated porphyrins enjoy unprecedented chemical stabilities, where their D/H exchange, protonation, and solvolysis under extremely acidic conditions are completely blocked. We anticipate that the ultrahigh stabilities and improved optical properties of these encapsulated porphyrins will find applications in single-molecule materials, artificial photodevices, and biomedical appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chenjian Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jacob A Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Charlotte L Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ryan M Young
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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5
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Girvin ZC, Andrews MK, Liu X, Gellman SH. Foldamer-templated catalysis of macrocycle formation. Science 2019; 366:1528-1531. [PMID: 31857487 PMCID: PMC7956107 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax7344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrocycles, compounds containing a ring of 12 or more atoms, find use in human medicine, fragrances, and biological ion sensing. The efficient preparation of macrocycles is a fundamental challenge in synthetic organic chemistry because the high entropic cost of large-ring closure allows undesired intermolecular reactions to compete. Here, we present a bioinspired strategy for macrocycle formation through carbon-carbon bond formation. The process relies on a catalytic oligomer containing α- and β-amino acid residues to template the ring-closing process. The α/β-peptide foldamer adopts a helical conformation that displays a catalytic primary amine-secondary amine diad in a specific three-dimensional arrangement. This catalyst promotes aldol reactions that form rings containing 14 to 22 atoms. Utility is demonstrated in the synthesis of the natural product robustol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebediah C Girvin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Samuel H Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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6
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Kuroda K, Yazaki K, Tanaka Y, Akita M, Sakai H, Hasobe T, Tkachenko NV, Yoshizawa M. A Pentacene‐based Nanotube Displaying Enriched Electrochemical and Photochemical Activities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyonori Kuroda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Kohei Yazaki
- Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Yamanashi 4-3-11 Takeda Kofu 400–8511 Japan
| | - Yuya Tanaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Munetaka Akita
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Hayato Sakai
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Taku Hasobe
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Nikolai V. Tkachenko
- Laboratory of Chemistry and BioengineeringTampere University of Technology 33720 Tampere Finland
| | - Michito Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
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7
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Kuroda K, Yazaki K, Tanaka Y, Akita M, Sakai H, Hasobe T, Tkachenko NV, Yoshizawa M. A Pentacene-based Nanotube Displaying Enriched Electrochemical and Photochemical Activities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:1115-1119. [PMID: 30496630 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Unlike previously well-studied, acyclic pentacene oligomers, the first synthesis of a cyclic pentacene trimer with a fixed tubular conformation is reported. A short-step synthesis starting from common pentacenequinone yielded the target molecule with a 1.5 nanometer length and a subnanometer pore. Steady-state spectroscopic analyses revealed that the close proximity of the non-conjugated, three pentacene chromophores allows the nanotube to display stepwise electrochemical/chemical oxidation characteristics. Furthermore, time-resolved transient absorption measurements elucidated the generation of an excited triplet state of the nanotube, with high quantum yield reaching about 180 % through intramolecular singlet fission and a very long triplet lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyonori Kuroda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kohei Yazaki
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, 400-8511, Japan
| | - Yuya Tanaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Munetaka Akita
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hayato Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Taku Hasobe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Nikolai V Tkachenko
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Michito Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
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8
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Yazaki K, Catti L, Yoshizawa M. Polyaromatic molecular tubes: from strategic synthesis to host functions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:3195-3206. [PMID: 29504004 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00799c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ring- and tube-shaped molecules like crown ethers and cyclodextrins play a fundamental role in supramolecular chemistry since their initial discovery. To date, numerous intriguing properties and reactivities have been reported based on their unique inner microenvironments. While inner spaces encircled by aliphatic and/or small aromatic frameworks have been heavily investigated, tubular structures that feature polyaromatic frameworks remained largely unexplored until 2010, despite their undisputable potential. Polyaromatic rings provide appealing photophysical and electrochemical properties and thus allow for the construction of new functional cylindrical nanospaces. This feature article describes the recent progress in the synthesis and application of short tubular molecules bearing multiple (≥3) polyaromatic rings (e.g., anthracene, pyrene, chrysene, and HBC). The polyaromatic tubes reported herein display characteristic properties such as strong fluorescent emission, a selective molecular binding ability, efficient host-guest energy transfer and open-closed structural transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Yazaki
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511, Japan
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9
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Kuroda K, Otsuki M, Yazaki K, Sei Y, Akita M, Yoshizawa M. Alkylation-, Heating-, and Doping-Induced Emission Enhancement of a Polyaromatic Tube in the Solid State. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:515-519. [PMID: 29323470 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A polyaromatic tube with a subnanometer-sized cavity was efficiently prepared on a gram-scale through the stereo-controlled cyclotrimerization of a diphenylanthracene derivative as a key step. The facile exterior alkylation of the polyaromatic framework leads to a moderately fluorescent tube (R=-OC10 H21 ; ΦF =20 %) in the solid state. The emission intensity of the solid-state alkyl-substituted tube is remarkably enhanced upon heating (up to 1.6 times, ΦF =31 %) as well as doping with fluorescent dyes (up to 4.2 times, ΦF =83 %) through efficient energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyonori Kuroda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Masafumi Otsuki
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kohei Yazaki
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, 400-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Sei
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Munetaka Akita
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Michito Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
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10
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Liu W, Johnson A, Smith BD. Guest Back-Folding: A Molecular Design Strategy That Produces a Deep-Red Fluorescent Host/Guest Pair with Picomolar Affinity in Water. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3361-3370. [PMID: 29439578 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the major goals of modern supramolecular chemistry, with important practical relevance in many technical fields, is the development of synthetic host/guest partners with ultrahigh affinity and selectivity in water. Currently, most association pairs exhibit micromolar affinity or weaker, and there are very few host/guest systems with Ka > 109 M-1, apparently due to a barrier imposed by enthalpy/entropy compensation. This present study investigated the threading of a water-soluble tetralactam cyclophane by a deep-red fluorescent squaraine guest with flanking polyethylene glycol chains, an association process that is dominated by a highly favorable enthalpic driving force. A squaraine structure was rationally designed to permit guest back-folding as a strategy to greatly expand the hydrophobic surface area that could be buried upon complexation. Guided by computational modeling, an increasing number of N-benzyl groups were appended to the squaraine core, so that, after threading, the aromatic rings could fold back and stack against the cyclophane periphery. The final design iteration exhibited an impressive combination of fluorescence and supramolecular properties, including ratiometric change in deep-red emission, picomolar affinity ( Ka = 5.1 × 1010 M-1), and very rapid threading ( kon = 7.9 × 107 M-1 s-1) in water at 25 °C. Similar excellent behavior was observed in serum solution. A tangible outcome of this study is a new cyclophane/squaraine association pair that will be a versatile platform for many different types of fluorescence-based imaging and diagnostics applications. From a broader perspective, guest back-folding of aromatic groups is a promising new supramolecular stabilization strategy to overcome enthalpy/entropy compensation and produce ultrahigh affinity [2]pseudorotaxane complexes in water and biological media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Andrew Johnson
- Division of Science , Lindsey Wilson College , 317 Fugitte Science Center , Columbia , Kentucky 42728 , United States
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
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11
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Kondo K, Klosterman JK, Yoshizawa M. Aromatic Micelles as a New Class of Aqueous Molecular Flasks. Chemistry 2017; 23:16710-16721. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kondo
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Jeremy K. Klosterman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla California 92093 USA
| | - Michito Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
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12
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Kurihara K, Yazaki K, Akita M, Yoshizawa M. A Switchable Open/closed Polyaromatic Macrocycle that Shows Reversible Binding of Long Hydrophilic Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kurihara
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Kohei Yazaki
- Faculty of Engineering; Yamanashi University; 4-3-11 Takeda Kofu 400-8511 Japan
| | - Munetaka Akita
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Michito Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
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13
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Kurihara K, Yazaki K, Akita M, Yoshizawa M. A Switchable Open/closed Polyaromatic Macrocycle that Shows Reversible Binding of Long Hydrophilic Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kurihara
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Kohei Yazaki
- Faculty of Engineering; Yamanashi University; 4-3-11 Takeda Kofu 400-8511 Japan
| | - Munetaka Akita
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Michito Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
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14
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Abstract
Acid catalyzed condensation between tetramethoxyanthracenes and formaldehyde in the presence of additional benzene-based building blocks leads to hybrid macrocyclic products that are further modified by the Diels–Alder reaction with benzyne to obtain macrocycles with expanded cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Boinski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Science
- 01-244 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szumna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Science
- 01-244 Warsaw
- Poland
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15
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Liu W, Peck EM, Smith BD. High Affinity Macrocycle Threading by a Near-Infrared Croconaine Dye with Flanking Polymer Chains. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:995-1001. [PMID: 26807599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b11961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Croconaine dyes have narrow and intense absorption bands at ∼800 nm, very weak fluorescence, and high photostabilities, which combine to make them very attractive chromophores for absorption-based imaging or laser heating technologies. The physical supramolecular properties of croconaine dyes have rarely been investigated, especially in water. This study focuses on a molecular threading process that encapsulates a croconaine dye inside a tetralactam macrocycle in organic or aqueous solvent. Macrocycle association and rate constant data are reported for a series of croconaine structures with different substituents attached to the ends of the dye. The association constants were highest in water (Ka ∼ 10(9) M(-1)), and the threading rate constants (kon) increased in the solvent order H2O > MeOH > CHCl3. Systematic variation of croconaine substituents located just outside the croconaine/macrocycle complexation interface hardly changed Ka but had a strong influence on kon. A croconaine dye with N-propyl groups at each end of the structure exhibited a desirable mixture of macrocycle threading properties; that is, there was rapid and quantitative croconaine/macrocycle complexation at relatively high concentrations in water, and no dissociation of the preassembled complex when it was diluted into a solution of fetal bovine serum, even after laser-induced photothermal heating of the solution. The combination of favorable near-infrared absorption properties and tunable mechanical stability makes threaded croconaine/macrocycle complexes very attractive as molecular probes or as supramolecular composites for various applications in absorption-based imaging or photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Evan M Peck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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16
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Peck EM, Liu W, Spence GT, Shaw SK, Davis AP, Destecroix H, Smith BD. Rapid Macrocycle Threading by a Fluorescent Dye-Polymer Conjugate in Water with Nanomolar Affinity. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:8668-71. [PMID: 26106948 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A macrocyclic tetralactam host is threaded by a highly fluorescent squaraine dye that is flanked by two polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains with nanomolar dissociation constants in water. Furthermore, the rates of bimolecular association are very fast with k(on) ≈ 10(6)-10(7) M(-1) s(-1). The association is effective under cell culture conditions and produces large changes in dye optical properties including turn-on near-infrared fluorescence that can be imaged using cell microscopy. Association constants in water are ∼1000 times higher than those in organic solvents and strongly enthalpically favored at 27 °C. The threading rate is hardly affected by the length of the PEG chains that flank the squaraine dye. For example, macrocycle threading by a dye conjugate with two appended PEG2000 chains is only three times slower than threading by a conjugate with triethylene glycol chains that are 20 times shorter. The results are a promising advance toward synthetic mimics of streptavidin/biotin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Peck
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Wenqi Liu
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Graeme T Spence
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Scott K Shaw
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Anthony P Davis
- ‡School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Harry Destecroix
- ‡School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Bradley D Smith
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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17
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Hagiwara K, Otsuki M, Akita M, Yoshizawa M. Polyaromatic molecular tubes with a subnanometer pore and the guest-induced emission enhancement behavior. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:10451-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02931g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New polyaromatic molecular tubes with a subnanometer pore (0.8 nm) can bind one molecule of hydrocarbon guests in water with accompanying guest-induced emission enhancement (up to ∼3 times).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Hagiwara
- Chemical Resources Laboratory
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
| | - Masafumi Otsuki
- Chemical Resources Laboratory
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
| | - Munetaka Akita
- Chemical Resources Laboratory
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
| | - Michito Yoshizawa
- Chemical Resources Laboratory
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
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