1
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Yue Q, Wang S, Jones ST, Fielding LA. Multifunctional Self-Assembled Block Copolymer/Iron Oxide Nanocomposite Hydrogels Formed from Wormlike Micelles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16. [PMID: 38592714 PMCID: PMC11056933 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
This article reports the preparation of multifunctional magnetic nanocomposite hydrogels formed from wormlike micelles. Specifically, iron oxide nanoparticles were incorporated into a temperature responsive block copolymer, poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)-b-poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (PGMA-b-PHPMA), and graphene oxide (GO) dispersion at a low temperature (∼2 °C) through high-speed mixing and returning the mixture to room temperature, resulting in the formation of nanocomposite gels. The optimal concentrations of iron oxide and GO enhanced the gel strength of the nanocomposite gels, which exhibited a strong magnetic response when a magnetic field was applied. These materials retained the thermoresponsiveness of the PGMA-PHPMA wormlike micelles allowing for a solid-to-liquid transition to occur when the temperature was reduced. The mechanical and rheological properties and performance of the nanocomposite gels were demonstrated to be adjustable, making them suitable for a wide range of potential applications. These nanocomposite worm gels were demonstrated to be relatively adhesive and to act as strain and temperature sensors, with the measured electrical resistance of the nanocomposite gels changing with applied strain and temperature sweeps. The nanocomposite gels were found to recover efficiently after the application of high shear with approximately 100% healing efficiency within seconds. Additionally, these nanocomposite worm gels were injectable, and the addition of GO and iron oxide nanomaterials seemed to have no significant adverse impact on the biocompatibility of the copolymer gels, making them suitable not only for 3D printing in nanocomposite engineering but also for potential utilization in various biomedical applications as an injectable magnetic responsive hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yue
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Henry
Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Henry
Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Samuel T. Jones
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Henry
Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Lee A. Fielding
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Henry
Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
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2
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Xue X, Wang F, Shi M, Khan FI. Synthesis of Thermo-Responsive Monofunctionalized Diblock Copolymer Worms. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4590. [PMID: 38231987 PMCID: PMC10708438 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)-block-poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (PGMA-PHPMA) with worm-like morphology is a typical example of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerized thermo-responsive copolymer via polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) in aqueous solution. Chain transfer agents (CTAs) are the key component in controlling RAFT, the structures of which determine the end functional groups of the polymer chain. It is therefore of interest to monofunctionalize the polymers via CTA moiety, for bioactive functionality conjugation and in the meantime maintain the precisely controlled morphology of the copolymers and the related property. In this work, a newly designed CTA 5-(2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino) ethylamino)-2-cyano-5-oxopentan-2-yl benzodithioate (t-Boc CPDB) was synthesized and used for the RAFT polymerization of PGMA45-PHPMA120. Subsequently, PGMA45-PHPMA120 copolymers with primary amine, maleimide, and reduced L-glutathione (a tripeptide) monofunctionalized terminals were synthesized via deprotection and conjugation reactions. These monofunctionalized copolymers maintain worm-like morphology and thermo-responsive property in aqueous solution (10% w/v), as confirmed by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, and the observation of the phase transition behavior in between 4 °C and room temperature (~20 °C), respectively. Summarily, a range of thermo-responsive monofunctionalized PGMA45-PHPMA120 diblock copolymer worms were successfully synthesized, which are expected to offer potential biomedical applications, such as in polymer therapeutics, drug delivery, and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xue
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China; (F.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China; (F.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Minhao Shi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China; (F.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Faez Iqbal Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China;
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3
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Ulker D, Neal TJ, Crawford A, Armes SP. Thermoresponsive Poly( N, N'-dimethylacrylamide)-Based Diblock Copolymer Worm Gels via RAFT Solution Polymerization: Synthesis, Characterization, and Cell Biology Applications. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4285-4302. [PMID: 37616242 PMCID: PMC10498450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
RAFT solution polymerization is used to polymerize 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA). The resulting PHPMA precursor is then chain-extended using N,N'-dimethylacrylamide (DMAC) to produce a series of thermoresponsive PHPMA-PDMAC diblock copolymers. Such amphiphilic copolymers can be directly dispersed in ice-cold water and self-assembled at 20 °C to form spheres, worms, or vesicles depending on their copolymer composition. Construction of a pseudo-phase diagram is required to identify the pure worm phase, which corresponds to a rather narrow range of PDMAC DPs. Such worms form soft, free-standing gels in aqueous solution at around ambient temperature. Rheology studies confirm the thermoresponsive nature of such worms, which undergo a reversible worm-to-sphere on cooling below ambient temperature. This morphological transition leads to in situ degelation, and variable temperature 1H NMR studies indicate a higher degree of (partial) hydration for the weakly hydrophobic PHPMA chains at lower temperatures. The trithiocarbonate end-group located at the end of each PDMAC chain can be removed by treatment with excess hydrazine. The resulting terminal secondary thiol group can form disulfide bonds via coupling, which produces PHPMA-PDMAC-PHPMA triblock copolymer chains. Alternatively, this reactive thiol group can be used for conjugation reactions. A PHPMA141-PDMAC36 worm gel was used to store human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for up to three weeks at 37 °C. MSCs retrieved from this gel subsequently underwent proliferation and maintained their ability to differentiate into osteoblastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Ulker
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Sciences, Near East University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus TR-99138, Turkey
| | - Thomas J. Neal
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
| | - Aileen Crawford
- School
of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TA, UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
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4
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Yue Q, Luo Z, Li X, Fielding LA. 3D printable, thermo-responsive, self-healing, graphene oxide containing self-assembled hydrogels formed from block copolymer wormlike micelles. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6513-6524. [PMID: 37584171 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00737e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) containing block copolymer nanocomposite hydrogels formed from poly(glycerol monomethacrylate-block-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (PGMA-PHPMA) wormlike micelles were prepared by either mixing GO and copolymer at low temperature or via in situ reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerisation-induced self-assembly (PISA) of HPMA in the presence of a PGMA macromolecular chain-transfer agent and GO flakes. Hydrogels containing 15-25% w/w copolymer and 0 and 8% w/w GO, based on copolymer, were investigated and the maximum gel strength measured was ∼33 kPa for a 25% w/w copolymer gel prepared by in situ polymerisation and containing 2% w/w GO based on copolymer. This gel strength represents a fifteen-fold increase over the same copolymer gel without the addition of GO. The nanocomposite gels were found to recover efficiently after the application of high shear, with up to 98% healing efficiency within seconds. These gels are also 3D printable, self-healing, adhesive and temperature responsive on cooling and re-heating. The observed properties were both GO and copolymer concentration dependent, and tensile testing demonstrated that the nanocomposite gels had higher moduli, elongation at break and toughness than gels prepared without GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yue
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Zhidong Luo
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Xueyuan Li
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Lee A Fielding
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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5
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Brotherton EE, Josland D, György C, Johnson EC, Chan DHH, Smallridge MJ, Armes SP. Histidine-Functionalized Diblock Copolymer Nanoparticles Exhibit Enhanced Adsorption onto Planar Stainless Steel. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200903. [PMID: 36534428 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization of isopropylideneglycerol monomethacrylate (IPGMA) is used to prepare a series of PGEO5MA46 -PIPGMAy nanoparticles, where PGEO5MA is a hydrophilic methacrylic steric stabilizer block bearing pendent cis-diol groups. TEM studies confirm a spherical morphology while dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis indicated that the z-average particle diameter can be adjusted by varying the target degree of polymerization for the core-forming PIPGMA block. Periodate oxidation is used to convert the cis-diol groups on PGEO5MA46 -PIPGMA500 and PGEO5MA46 -PIPGMA1000 nanoparticles into the analogous aldehyde-functionalized nanoparticles, which are then reacted with histidine via reductive amination. In each case, the extent of functionalization is more than 99% as determined by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Aqueous electrophoresis studies indicate that such derivatization converts initially neutral nanoparticles into zwitterionic nanoparticles with an isoelectric point at pH 7. DLS studies confirm that such histidine-derivatized nanoparticles remain colloidally stable over a wide pH range. A quartz crystal microbalance is employed at 25°C to assess the adsorption of both the cis-diol- and histidine-functionalized nanoparticles onto planar stainless steel at pH 6. The histidine-bearing nanoparticles adsorb much more strongly than their cis-diol counterparts. For the highest adsorbed amount of 70.5 mg m-2 , SEM indicates a fractional surface coverage of 0.23 for the adsorbed nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Brotherton
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Daniel Josland
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Csilla György
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Edwin C Johnson
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Derek H H Chan
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Mark J Smallridge
- GEO Specialty Chemicals, Hythe, Southampton, Hampshire, SO45 3ZG, UK
| | - Steven P Armes
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
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6
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Shape-Shifting Thermoresponsive Block Copolymer Nano-Objects. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:906-920. [PMID: 36566636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this Feature Article, we review our recent progress in the design of shape-shifting thermoresponsive diblock copolymer nano-objects, which are prepared using various hydroxyl-functional (meth)acrylic monomers (e.g. 2‑hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 4‑hydroxybutyl acrylate or hydroxybutyl methacrylate) to generate the thermoresponsive block. Unlike traditional thermoresponsive polymers such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), there is no transition between soluble and insoluble polymer chains in aqueous solution. Instead, thermally driven transitions between a series of copolymer morphologies (e.g. spheres, worms, vesicles or lamellae) occur on adjusting the aqueous solution temperature owing to a subtle change in the partial degree of hydration of the permanently insoluble thermoresponsive block. Such remarkable self-assembly behavior is unprecedented in colloid science: no other amphiphilic diblock copolymer or surfactant system undergoes such behavior at a fixed chemical composition and concentration. Such shape-shifting nano-objects are characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering, rheology and variable temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. Potential applications for this fascinating new class of amphiphiles are briefly considered.
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7
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Brotherton EE, Neal TJ, Kaldybekov DB, Smallridge MJ, Khutoryanskiy VV, Armes SP. Aldehyde-functional thermoresponsive diblock copolymer worm gels exhibit strong mucoadhesion. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6888-6898. [PMID: 35774174 PMCID: PMC9200053 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02074b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of thermoresponsive diblock copolymer worm gels is prepared via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) aqueous dispersion polymerization of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate using a water-soluble methacrylic precursor bearing pendent cis-diol groups. Selective oxidation using an aqueous solution of sodium periodate affords the corresponding aldehyde-functional worm gels. The aldehyde groups are located within the steric stabilizer chains and the aldehyde content can be adjusted by varying the periodate/cis-diol molar ratio. These aldehyde-functional worm gels are evaluated in terms of their mucoadhesion performance with the aid of a fluorescence microscopy-based assay. Using porcine urinary bladder mucosa as a model substrate, we demonstrate that these worm gels offer a comparable degree of mucoadhesion to that afforded by chitosan, which is widely regarded to be a 'gold standard' positive control in this context. The optimum degree of aldehyde functionality is approximately 30%: lower degrees of functionalization lead to weaker mucoadhesion, whereas higher values compromise the desirable thermoresponsive behavior of these worm gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Brotherton
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Thomas J Neal
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Daulet B Kaldybekov
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights PO Box 224, Reading Berkshire RG6 6DX UK
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University Almaty 050040 Kazakhstan
| | | | - Vitaliy V Khutoryanskiy
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights PO Box 224, Reading Berkshire RG6 6DX UK
| | - Steven P Armes
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
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8
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Buglakov AI, Vasilevskaya VV. Fibrillar gel self-assembly via cononsolvency of amphiphilic polymer. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 614:181-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Wen SP, Fielding LA. Pyridine-functional diblock copolymer nanoparticles synthesized via RAFT-mediated polymerization-induced self-assembly: effect of solution pH. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:1385-1394. [PMID: 35084008 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01793d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization has become widely recognized as a versatile and efficient strategy to prepare complex block copolymer nanoparticles with controlled morphology, size, and surface functionality. In this article, we report the preparation of cationic sterically-stabilized poly(2-vinylpyridine)-poly(benzyl methacrylate) (P2VP-PBzMA) diblock copolymer nanoparticles via RAFT-mediated PISA under aqueous emulsion polymerization conditions. It is demonstrated that the solution pH during PISA has a dramatic effect on the resulting P2VP-PBzMA nanoparticles, as judged by dynamic light scattering (DLS), disc centrifuge photosedimentometry (DCP) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Varying the solution pH results in the P2VP stabilizer having different solubilities due to protonation/deprotonation of the pyridine groups. This allows P2VP-PBzMA nanoparticles with tunable diameters to be prepared by altering the DP of the stabilizer (P2VP) and/or core-forming block (PBzMA), or simply by changing the solution pH for a fixed copolymer composition. For example, P2VP-PBzMA nanoparticles with larger diameters can be obtained at higher solution pH as the protonation degree of the P2VP stabilizer has a large effect on both the aggregation of polymer chains during the PISA process, and the resulting behavior of the diblock copolymer nanoparticles. Changing the dispersion pH post-polymerization has a relatively limited effect on particle diameter. Furthermore, aqueous electrophoresis studies indicate that these P2VP-PBzMA nanoparticles had good colloidal stability and high cationic charge (>30 mV) below pH 5 and can be dispersed readily over a wide pH range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Pin Wen
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Lee A Fielding
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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10
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Penfold NJW, Neal TJ, Plait C, Leigh AE, Chimonides G, Smallridge MJ, Armes SP. Reverse sequence polymerization-induced self-assembly in aqueous media: a counter-intuitive approach to sterically-stabilized diblock copolymer nano-objects. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01064j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A 500 nm charge-stabilized latex is converted into 40 nm sterically-stabilized nanoparticles via reverse sequence polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. W. Penfold
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Thomas J. Neal
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Corentin Plait
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Andrew E. Leigh
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Gwen Chimonides
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | | | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
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11
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Deane OJ, Jennings J, Armes SP. Shape-shifting thermoreversible diblock copolymer nano-objects via RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization of 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13719-13729. [PMID: 34760156 PMCID: PMC8549797 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05022b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) is a useful model monomer for understanding aqueous dispersion polymerization. 4-Hydroxybutyl acrylate (HBA) is an isomer of HPMA: it has appreciably higher aqueous solubility so its homopolymer is more weakly hydrophobic. Moreover, PHBA possesses a significantly lower glass transition temperature than PHPMA, which ensures greater chain mobility. The reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) aqueous dispersion polymerization of HBA using a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG113) precursor at 30 °C produces PEG113-PHBA200-700 diblock copolymer nano-objects. Using glutaraldehyde to crosslink the PHBA chains allows TEM studies, which reveal the formation of spheres, worms or vesicles under appropriate conditions. Interestingly, the partially hydrated highly mobile PHBA block enabled linear PEG113-PHBA x spheres, worms or vesicles to be reconstituted from freeze-dried powders on addition of water at 20 °C. Moreover, variable temperature 1H NMR studies indicated that the apparent degree of hydration of the PHBA block increases from 5% to 80% on heating from 0 °C to 60 °C indicating uniform plasticization. In contrast, the PHPMA x chains within PEG113-PHPMA x nano-objects become dehydrated on raising the temperature: this qualitative difference is highly counter-intuitive given that PHBA and PHPMA are isomers. The greater (partial) hydration of the PHBA block at higher temperature drives the morphological evolution of PEG113-PHBA260 spheres to form worms or vesicles, as judged by oscillatory rheology, dynamic light scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering and TEM studies. Finally, a variable temperature phase diagram is constructed for 15% w/w aqueous dispersions of eight PEG113-PHBA200-700 diblock copolymers. Notably, PEG113-PHBA350 can switch reversibly from spheres to worms to vesicles to lamellae during a thermal cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Deane
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - James Jennings
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Steven P Armes
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
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12
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Buglakov AI, Vasilevskaya VV. Fibril Assembly and Gelation of Macromolecules with Amphiphilic Repeating Units. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12377-12387. [PMID: 34637315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the self-assembly of the fibrillar network in a concentrated solution of macromolecules with an amphiphilic structure of repeating units. The investigation of amphiphilic homopolymers and alternating copolymers with the linear and cyclic topologies, the solution with different polymer concentrations and solvent qualities, allows us to conclude that the ability to form a fibrillar gel with branched fibrils and regular subchain thickness is inherent for macromolecules with the solvophobic backbone and solvophilic pendants. The elements of the gel structure, such as the mesh size and fibrillar thickness, the number of cross-links, and their functionality, can be tuned and customized according to the requirements of their application. The results could be helpful for the directed design of the synthetic analogue of the relevant extracellular matrix, in tissue engineering, for fibrotic disease treatment and cell encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr I Buglakov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Vavilova ul., 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Valentina V Vasilevskaya
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Vavilova ul., 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
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13
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Binch ALA, Ratcliffe LPD, Milani AH, Saunders BR, Armes SP, Hoyland JA. Site-Directed Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Nucleus Pulposus Cells Using an Injectable Hydroxyl-Functional Diblock Copolymer Worm Gel. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:837-845. [PMID: 33470795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) have been identified for their promising therapeutic potential to regenerate and repopulate the degenerate intervertebral disk (IVD), which is a major cause of lower back pain. The optimal cell delivery system remains elusive but encapsulation of cells within scaffolds is likely to offer a decisive advantage over the delivery of cells in solution by ensuring successful retention within the tissue. Herein, we evaluate the use of a fully synthetic, thermoresponsive poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)-poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (PGMA-PHPMA) diblock copolymer worm gel that mimics the structure of hydrophilic glycosaminoglycans. The objective was to use this gel to direct differentiation of human ASCs toward a nucleus pulposus (NP) phenotype, with or without the addition of discogenic growth factors TGFβ or GDF6. Accordingly, human ASCs were incorporated into a cold, free-flowing aqueous dispersion of the diblock copolymer, gelation induced by warming to 37 °C and cell culture was conducted for 14 days with or without such growth factors to assess the expression of characteristic NP markers compared to those produced when using collagen gels. In principle, the shear-thinning nature of the biocompatible worm gel enables encapsulated human ASCs to be injected into the IVD using a 21G needle. Moreover, we find significantly higher gene expression levels of ACAN, SOX-9, KRT8, and KR18 for ASCs encapsulated within worm gels compared to collagen scaffolds, regardless of the growth factors employed. In summary, such wholly synthetic worm gels offer considerable potential as an injectable cell delivery scaffold for the treatment of degenerate disk disease by promoting the transition of ASCs toward an NP-phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie L A Binch
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Liam P D Ratcliffe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, South Yorkshire, U.K
| | - Amir H Milani
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Brian R Saunders
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, South Yorkshire, U.K
| | - Judith A Hoyland
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, U.K
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14
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Wen SP, Yue Q, Fielding LA. RAFT miniemulsion polymerisation of benzyl methacrylate using non-ionic surfactant. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00048a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RAFT miniemulsion polymerisation of benzyl methacrylate using a non-ionic surfactant affords latexes with controllable molar mass, narrow molar mass distributions and tuneable particle diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Pin Wen
- Department of Materials
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Qi Yue
- Department of Materials
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Lee A. Fielding
- Department of Materials
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
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15
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Nahi O, Cayre OJ, Kim YY, Smith AJ, Warren NJ, Meldrum FC. A facile method for generating worm-like micelles with controlled lengths and narrow polydispersity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7463-7466. [PMID: 32495778 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02313b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This work shows that highly uniform worm micelles formed by polymerisation induced self-assembly can be obtained via simple post-synthesis sonication. Importantly, this straightforward and versatile strategy yields exceptionally monodisperse worms with tunable aspect ratios ranging from 7.2 to 17.6 by simply changing the sonication time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouassef Nahi
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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16
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Romero-Azogil L, Penfold NJW, Armes SP. Tuning the hydroxyl functionality of block copolymer worm gels modulates their thermoresponsive behavior. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00834f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Partial replacement of a hydroxyl-functional steric stabilizer with a poly(ethylene glycol)-based stabilizer modulates the thermoresponsive behavior of block copolymer worm gels prepared via aqueous polymerization-induced self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Romero-Azogil
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Universidad de Sevilla
- 41012 Sevilla
- Spain
| | | | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry
- Dainton Building
- University of Sheffield
- Brook Hill
- Sheffield
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17
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Ikkene D, Arteni AA, Ouldali M, Six JL, Ferji K. Self-assembly of amphiphilic copolymers containing polysaccharide: PISA versus nanoprecipitation, and the temperature effect. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00407c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly methods and the temperature have a considerable impact on the morphology of the resulting nanoobjects in the case of amphiphilic glycopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Andreea Arteni
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CEA
- CNRS
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)
- Cryo-electron Microscopy Facility
| | - Malika Ouldali
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CEA
- CNRS
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)
- Cryo-electron Microscopy Facility
| | - Jean-Luc Six
- Université de Lorraine
- CNRS
- LCPM
- F-54000 Nancy
- France
| | - Khalid Ferji
- Université de Lorraine
- CNRS
- LCPM
- F-54000 Nancy
- France
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18
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Ratcliffe LPD, Derry MJ, Ianiro A, Tuinier R, Armes SP. A Single Thermoresponsive Diblock Copolymer Can Form Spheres, Worms or Vesicles in Aqueous Solution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18964-18970. [PMID: 31596541 PMCID: PMC6973111 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It is well-known that the self-assembly of AB diblock copolymers in solution can produce various morphologies depending on the relative volume fraction of each block. Recently, polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) has become widely recognized as a powerful platform technology for the rational design and efficient synthesis of a wide range of block copolymer nano-objects. In this study, PISA is used to prepare a new thermoresponsive poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide)-poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) [PHPMAC-PHPMA] diblock copolymer. Remarkably, TEM, rheology and SAXS studies indicate that a single copolymer composition can form well-defined spheres (4 °C), worms (22 °C) or vesicles (50 °C) in aqueous solution. Given that the two monomer repeat units have almost identical chemical structures, this system is particularly well-suited to theoretical analysis. Self-consistent mean field theory suggests this rich self-assembly behavior is the result of the greater degree of hydration of the PHPMA block at lower temperature, which is in agreement with variable temperature 1 H NMR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam P. D. Ratcliffe
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton BuildingUniversity of SheffieldBrook HillSouth YorkshireS3 7HFUK
- Present address: Unilever Research & DevelopmentColworth Laboratory, Colworth HouseSharnbrookBedfordMK44 1LQUK
| | - Matthew J. Derry
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton BuildingUniversity of SheffieldBrook HillSouth YorkshireS3 7HFUK
| | - Alessandro Ianiro
- Laboratory of Physical ChemistryDepartment of Chemical Engineering & Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Remco Tuinier
- Laboratory of Physical ChemistryDepartment of Chemical Engineering & Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton BuildingUniversity of SheffieldBrook HillSouth YorkshireS3 7HFUK
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19
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Sponchioni M, O'Brien CT, Borchers C, Wang E, Rivolta MN, Penfold NJW, Canton I, Armes SP. Probing the mechanism for hydrogel-based stasis induction in human pluripotent stem cells: is the chemical functionality of the hydrogel important? Chem Sci 2019; 11:232-240. [PMID: 34040716 PMCID: PMC8133024 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04734d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hPSC) can differentiate into any cell type. Recently, we reported that hPSC colonies enter stasis when immersed in an extremely soft hydrogel comprising hydroxyl-functional block copolymer worms (I. Canton, N. J. Warren, A. Chahal, K. Amps, A. Wood, R. Weightman, E. Wang, H. Moore and S. P. Armes, ACS Centr. Sci., 2016, 2, 65-74). The gel modulus and chemical structure of this synthetic hydrogel are similar to that of natural mucins, which are implicated in the mechanism of diapause for mammalian embryos. Does stasis induction occur merely because of the very soft nature of such hydrogels or does chemical functionality also play a role? Herein, we address this key question by designing a new hydrogel of comparable softness in which the PGMA stabilizer chains are replaced with non-hydroxylated poly(ethylene glycol) [PEG]. Immunolabeling studies confirm that hPSC colonies immersed in such PEG-based hydrogels do not enter stasis but instead proliferate (and differentiate if no adhesion substrate is present). However, pluripotency is retained if an appropriate adhesion substrate is provided. Thus, the chemical functionality of the hydrogel clearly plays a decisive role in the stasis induction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Dainton Building Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - C T O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Dainton Building Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - C Borchers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Dainton Building Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - E Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky 40202 USA
| | - M N Rivolta
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield Western Bank Sheffield S10 2TN UK
| | - N J W Penfold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Dainton Building Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - I Canton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Dainton Building Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - S P Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Dainton Building Sheffield S3 7HF UK
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20
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Ratcliffe LPD, Derry MJ, Ianiro A, Tuinier R, Armes SP. A Single Thermoresponsive Diblock Copolymer Can Form Spheres, Worms or Vesicles in Aqueous Solution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liam P. D. Ratcliffe
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton BuildingUniversity of Sheffield Brook Hill South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
- Present address: Unilever Research & DevelopmentColworth Laboratory, Colworth House Sharnbrook Bedford MK44 1LQ UK
| | - Matthew J. Derry
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton BuildingUniversity of Sheffield Brook Hill South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Alessandro Ianiro
- Laboratory of Physical ChemistryDepartment of Chemical Engineering & Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Remco Tuinier
- Laboratory of Physical ChemistryDepartment of Chemical Engineering & Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton BuildingUniversity of Sheffield Brook Hill South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
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21
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Penfold NJW, Whatley JR, Armes SP. Thermoreversible Block Copolymer Worm Gels Using Binary Mixtures of PEG Stabilizer Blocks. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. W. Penfold
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton Building, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Jessica R. Whatley
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton Building, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton Building, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
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22
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Hunter SJ, Thompson KL, Lovett JR, Hatton FL, Derry MJ, Lindsay C, Taylor P, Armes SP. Synthesis, Characterization, and Pickering Emulsifier Performance of Anisotropic Cross-Linked Block Copolymer Worms: Effect of Aspect Ratio on Emulsion Stability in the Presence of Surfactant. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:254-265. [PMID: 30562037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) aqueous dispersion polymerization is used to prepare epoxy-functional PGMA-P(HPMA- stat-GlyMA) diblock copolymer worms, where GMA, HPMA, and GlyMA denote glycerol monomethacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, and glycidyl methacrylate, respectively. The epoxy groups on the GlyMA residues were ring-opened using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) in order to cross-link the worm cores via a series of hydrolysis-condensation reactions. Importantly, the worm aspect ratio can be adjusted depending on the precise conditions selected for covalent stabilization. Relatively long cross-linked worms are obtained by reaction with APTES at 20 °C, whereas much shorter worms with essentially the same copolymer composition are formed by cooling the linear worms from 20 to 4 °C prior to APTES addition. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies confirmed that the mean aspect ratio for the long worms is approximately eight times greater than that for the short worms. Aqueous electrophoresis studies indicated that both types of cross-linked worms acquired weak cationic surface charge at low pH as a result of protonation of APTES-derived secondary amine groups within the nanoparticle cores. These cross-linked worms were evaluated as emulsifiers for the stabilization of n-dodecane-in-water emulsions via high-shear homogenization at 20 °C and pH 8. Increasing the copolymer concentration led to a reduction in mean droplet diameter, indicating that APTES cross-linking was sufficient to allow the nanoparticles to adsorb intact at the oil/water interface and hence produce genuine Pickering emulsions, rather than undergo in situ dissociation to form surface-active diblock copolymer chains. In surfactant challenge studies, the relatively long worms required a thirty-fold higher concentration of a nonionic surfactant (Tween 80) to be displaced from the n-dodecane-water interface compared to the short worms. This suggests that the former nanoparticles are much more strongly adsorbed than the latter, indicating that significantly greater Pickering emulsion stability can be achieved by using highly anisotropic worms. In contrast, colloidosomes prepared by reacting the hydroxyl-functional adsorbed worms with an oil-soluble polymeric diisocyanate remained intact when exposed to high concentrations of Tween 80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul J Hunter
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , Yorkshire S3 7HF , U.K
| | - Kate L Thompson
- The School of Materials, University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | - Joseph R Lovett
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , Yorkshire S3 7HF , U.K
| | - Fiona L Hatton
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , Yorkshire S3 7HF , U.K
| | - Matthew J Derry
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , Yorkshire S3 7HF , U.K
| | - Christopher Lindsay
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre , Bracknell , Berkshire RG42 6EY , U.K
| | - Philip Taylor
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre , Bracknell , Berkshire RG42 6EY , U.K
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , Yorkshire S3 7HF , U.K
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23
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Fielding LA, Hendley IV CT, Asenath-Smith E, Estroff LA, Armes SP. Rationally designed anionic diblock copolymer worm gels are useful model systems for calcite occlusion studies. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00889f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Binary mixtures of RAFT macromolecular chain transfer agents are utilized to rationally design anionic diblock copolymer nanoparticles via PISA. The role of carboxylate groups in directing calcite growth within copolymer worm gels is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A. Fielding
- Department of Materials
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Coit T. Hendley IV
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | - Emily Asenath-Smith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
- Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL)
| | - Lara A. Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
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24
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Smith GN, Cunningham VJ, Canning SL, Derry MJ, Cooper JFK, Washington AL, Armes SP. Spin-echo small-angle neutron scattering (SESANS) studies of diblock copolymer nanoparticles. SOFT MATTER 2018; 15:17-21. [PMID: 30520930 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01425f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)-poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PGMA-PBzMA) diblock copolymer nanoparticles were synthesized via polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) using reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) aqueous emulsion polymerization in D2O. Such PISA syntheses produce sterically-stabilized nanoparticles in situ and can be performed at relatively high copolymer concentrations (up to 50 wt%). This PGMA-PBzMA formulation is known to form only spherical nanoparticles in water using aqueous emulsion polymerization (Macromolecules, 2014, 47, 5613-5623), which makes it an ideal model system for exploring new characterization methods. The polymer micelles were characterized using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and a recently developed form of neutron scattering, spin-echo small-angle neutron scattering (SESANS). As far as we are aware, this is the first report of a study of polymer micelles by SESANS, and the data agree well with reciprocal-space scattering. Using this technique enables characterization of the concentrated, as synthesized dispersions directly without dilution, and this will provide a method to study self-assembled polymer systems that have concentration dependent morphologies, while still maintaining the advantages of scattering techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
| | - Victoria J Cunningham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
| | - Sarah L Canning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
| | - Matthew J Derry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
| | - J F K Cooper
- ISIS-STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK
| | - A L Washington
- ISIS-STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
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25
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Warren NJ, Derry MJ, Mykhaylyk OO, Lovett JR, Ratcliffe LPD, Ladmiral V, Blanazs A, Fielding LA, Armes SP. Critical Dependence of Molecular Weight on Thermoresponsive Behavior of Diblock Copolymer Worm Gels in Aqueous Solution. Macromolecules 2018; 51:8357-8371. [PMID: 30449901 PMCID: PMC6236470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) aqueous dispersion polymerization of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate was used to prepare three poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) x -poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) y (denoted G x -H y or PGMA-PHPMA) diblock copolymers, namely G37-H80, G54-H140, and G71-H200. A master phase diagram was used to select each copolymer composition to ensure that a pure worm phase was obtained in each case, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) studies. The latter technique indicated a mean worm cross-sectional diameter (or worm width) ranging from 11 to 20 nm as the mean degree of polymerization (DP) of the hydrophobic PHPMA block was increased from 80 to 200. These copolymer worms form soft hydrogels at 20 °C that undergo degelation on cooling. This thermoresponsive behavior was examined using variable temperature DLS, oscillatory rheology, and SAXS. A 10% w/w G37-H80 worm dispersion dissociated to afford an aqueous solution of molecularly dissolved copolymer chains at 2 °C; on returning to ambient temperature, these chains aggregated to form first spheres and then worms, with the original gel strength being recovered. In contrast, the G54-H140 and G71-H200 worms each only formed spheres on cooling to 2 °C, with thermoreversible (de)gelation being observed in the former case. The sphere-to-worm transition for G54-H140 was monitored by variable temperature SAXS: these experiments indicated the gradual formation of longer worms at higher temperature, with a concomitant reduction in the number of spheres, suggesting worm growth via multiple 1D sphere-sphere fusion events. DLS studies indicated that a 0.1% w/w aqueous dispersion of G71-H200 worms underwent an irreversible worm-to-sphere transition on cooling to 2 °C. Furthermore, irreversible degelation over the time scale of the experiment was also observed during rheological studies of a 10% w/w G71-H200 worm dispersion. Shear-induced polarized light imaging (SIPLI) studies revealed qualitatively different thermoreversible behavior for these three copolymer worm dispersions, although worm alignment was observed at a shear rate of 10 s-1 in each case. Subsequently conducting this technique at a lower shear rate of 1 s-1 combined with ultra small-angle x-ray scattering (USAXS) also indicated that worm branching occurred at a certain critical temperature since an upturn in viscosity, distortion in the birefringence, and a characteristic feature in the USAXS pattern were observed. Finally, SIPLI studies indicated that the characteristic relaxation times required for loss of worm alignment after cessation of shear depended markedly on the copolymer molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Warren
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
- School
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Matthew J. Derry
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | | | - Joseph R. Lovett
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Liam P. D. Ratcliffe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Vincent Ladmiral
- Ingénierie
et Architectures Macromoléculaires, CNRS, UM, ENSCM, Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR 5253, Place Eugène Bataillon, Cedex 5 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Adam Blanazs
- BASF SE, GMV/P-B001, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Lee A. Fielding
- School
of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
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26
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Lam MT, FitzGerald PA, Warr GG. Hydrophobic Monomer Type and Hydrophilic Monomer Ionization Modulate the Lyotropic Phase Stability of Diblock Co-oligomer Amphiphiles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:1013-1022. [PMID: 28051872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The phase behavior and self-assembly structures of a series of amphiphilic diblock co-oligomers comprising an ionizable hydrophilic block (5 to 10 units of acrylic acid) and a hydrophobic block (5 to 20 units of n-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, or ethyl acrylate), synthesized by RAFT polymerization, have been examined by polarizing optical microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Self-assembled structure and lyotropic phase stability in these systems is highly responsive to the degree of ionization of the acrylic acid hydrophilic block (i.e., pH), concentration, and nature of the hydrophobic block. Increasing headgroup ionization switched the amphiphiles from behaving like soluble to insoluble surfactants. Liquid isotropic (micellar), hexagonal, lamellar, and discrete cubic phases were found under different solution conditions. The surfactant packing parameter was adapted to understand the self-assembly structures in these diblock co-oligomers. The hydrophobic chain structure and length were shown to strongly affect the relative stabilities of these phases, allowing the self-assembled structure to be varied at will.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh T Lam
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney , Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Paul A FitzGerald
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney , Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Gregory G Warr
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney , Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
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27
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Penfold NJW, Lovett JR, Verstraete P, Smets J, Armes SP. Stimulus-responsive non-ionic diblock copolymers: protonation of a tertiary amine end-group induces vesicle-to-worm or vesicle-to-sphere transitions. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01076h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Morpholine-functionalised poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)-poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer vesicles are transformed into worms or spheres on lowering the solution pH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Johan Smets
- Procter & Gamble
- Eurocor NV/SA
- 1853 Strombeek-Bever
- Belgium
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28
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Pei Y, Lowe AB, Roth PJ. Stimulus-Responsive Nanoparticles and Associated (Reversible) Polymorphism via Polymerization Induced Self-assembly (PISA). Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Pei
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford GU2 7XH United Kingdom
| | - Andrew B. Lowe
- Nanochemistry Research Institute and Department of Chemistry; Curtin University; Bentley Perth 6102 WA Australia
| | - Peter J. Roth
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford GU2 7XH United Kingdom
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29
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Derry MJ, Fielding LA, Warren NJ, Mable CJ, Smith AJ, Mykhaylyk OO, Armes SP. In situ small-angle X-ray scattering studies of sterically-stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles formed during polymerization-induced self-assembly in non-polar media. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5078-5090. [PMID: 30155157 PMCID: PMC6018718 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01243d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) is utilized to prepare a series of poly(stearyl methacrylate)-poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PSMA-PBzMA) diblock copolymer nano-objects at 90 °C directly in mineral oil. Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) occurs under these conditions, with the resulting nanoparticles exhibiting spherical, worm-like or vesicular morphologies when using a relatively short PSMA13 macromolecular chain transfer agent (macro-CTA), as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies. Only kinetically-trapped spherical nanoparticles are obtained when using longer macro-CTAs (e.g. PSMA18 or PSMA31), with higher mean degrees of polymerization (DPs) for the PBzMA core-forming block simply producing progressively larger spheres. SAXS is used for the first time to monitor the various morphological transitions that occur in situ during the RAFT dispersion polymerization of BzMA when targeting either spheres or vesicles as the final copolymer morphology. This powerful characterization technique enables the evolution of particle diameter, mean aggregation number, number of copolymer chains per unit surface area (Sagg) and the distance between adjacent copolymer chains at the core-shell interface (dint) to be monitored as a function of monomer conversion for kinetically-trapped spheres. Moreover, the gradual evolution of copolymer morphology during PISA is confirmed unequivocally, with approximate 'lifetimes' assigned to the intermediate pure sphere and worm morphologies when targeting PSMA13-PBzMA150 vesicles. Within vesicle phase space, the membrane thickness (Tm) increases monotonically with PBzMA DP. Furthermore, a combination of dynamic light scattering (DLS), TEM and post mortem SAXS studies indicate that the lumen volume is reduced while the overall vesicle dimensions remain essentially constant. Thus the constrained vesicles grow inwards, as recently reported for an aqueous PISA formulation. This suggests a universal vesicle growth mechanism for all PISA formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Derry
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Lee A Fielding
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Nicholas J Warren
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Charlotte J Mable
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Andrew J Smith
- Diamond Light Source Ltd , Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot , Oxfordshire OX11 0DE , UK
| | - Oleksandr O Mykhaylyk
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
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30
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Cunningham VJ, Derry M, Fielding LA, Musa OM, Armes SP. RAFT Aqueous Dispersion Polymerization of N-(2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidone: A Convenient Low Viscosity Route to High Molecular Weight Water-Soluble Copolymers. Macromolecules 2016; 49:4520-4533. [PMID: 27375300 PMCID: PMC4928143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
RAFT solution polymerization of N-(2-(methacryoyloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidone (NMEP) in ethanol at 70 °C was conducted to produce a series of PNMEP homopolymers with mean degrees of polymerization (DP) varying from 31 to 467. Turbidimetry was used to assess their inverse temperature solubility behavior in dilute aqueous solution, with an LCST of approximately 55 °C being observed in the high molecular weight limit. Then a poly(glycerol monomethacylate) (PGMA) macro-CTA with a mean DP of 63 was chain-extended with NMEP using a RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization formulation at 70 °C. The target PNMEP DP was systematically varied from 100 up to 6000 to generate a series of PGMA63-PNMEP x diblock copolymers. High conversions (≥92%) could be achieved when targeting up to x = 5000. GPC analysis confirmed high blocking efficiencies and a linear evolution in Mn with increasing PNMEP DP. A gradual increase in Mw/Mn was also observed when targeting higher DPs. However, this problem could be minimized (Mw/Mn < 1.50) by utilizing a higher purity grade of NMEP (98% vs 96%). This suggests that the broader molecular weight distributions observed at higher DPs are simply the result of a dimethacrylate impurity causing light branching, rather than an intrinsic side reaction such as chain transfer to polymer. Kinetic studies confirmed that the RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization of NMEP was approximately four times faster than the RAFT solution polymerization of NMEP in ethanol when targeting the same DP in each case. This is perhaps surprising because both 1H NMR and SAXS studies indicate that the core-forming PNMEP chains remain relatively solvated at 70 °C in the latter formulation. Moreover, dissolution of the initial PGMA63-PNMEP x particles occurs on cooling from 70 to 20 °C as the PNMEP block passes through its LCST. Hence this RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization formulation offers an efficient route to a high molecular weight water-soluble polymer in a rather convenient low-viscosity form. Finally, the relatively expensive PGMA macro-CTA was replaced with a poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) macro-CTA. High conversions were also achieved for PMAA85-PNMEP x diblock copolymers prepared via RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization for x ≤ 4000. Again, better control was achieved when using the 98% purity NMEP monomer in such syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J. Cunningham
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Matthew
J. Derry
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Lee A. Fielding
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Osama M. Musa
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, 1005 US 202/206, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
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31
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Canning S, Smith GN, Armes SP. A Critical Appraisal of RAFT-Mediated Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Macromolecules 2016; 49:1985-2001. [PMID: 27019522 PMCID: PMC4806311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 647] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) has become widely recognized as a robust and efficient route to produce block copolymer nanoparticles of controlled size, morphology, and surface chemistry. Several reviews of this field have been published since 2012, but a substantial number of new papers have been published in the last three years. In this Perspective, we provide a critical appraisal of the various advantages offered by this approach, while also pointing out some of its current drawbacks. Promising future research directions as well as remaining technical challenges and unresolved problems are briefly highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah
L. Canning
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Gregory N. Smith
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
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32
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Lovett J, Warren NJ, Armes SP. Order-Order Morphological Transitions for Dual Stimulus Responsive Diblock Copolymer Vesicles. Macromolecules 2016; 49:1016-1025. [PMID: 26937051 PMCID: PMC4762544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A series of non-ionic poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)-poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (PGMA-PHPMA) diblock copolymer vesicles has been prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) aqueous dispersion polymerization of HPMA at 70 °C at low pH using a carboxylic acid-based chain transfer agent. The degree of polymerization (DP) of the PGMA block was fixed at 43, and the DP of the PHPMA block was systematically varied from 175 to 250 in order to target vesicle phase space. Based on our recent work describing the analogous PGMA-PHPMA diblock copolymer worms [Lovett J. R.; Angew. Chem.2015, 54, 1279-1283], such diblock copolymer vesicles were expected to undergo an order-order morphological transition via ionization of the carboxylic acid end-group on switching the solution pH. Indeed, irreversible vesicle-to-sphere and vesicle-to-worm transitions were observed for PHPMA DPs of 175 and 200, respectively, as judged by turbidimetry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies. However, such morphological transitions are surprisingly slow, with relatively long time scales (hours) being required at 20 °C. Moreover, no order-order morphological transitions were observed for vesicles comprising longer membrane-forming blocks (e.g., PGMA43-PHPMA225-250) on raising the pH from pH 3.5 to pH 6.0. However, in such cases the application of a dual stimulus comprising the same pH switch immediately followed by cooling from 20 to 5 °C, induces an irreversible vesicle-to-sphere transition. Finally, TEM and DLS studies conducted in the presence of 100 mM KCl demonstrated that the pH-responsive behavior arising from end-group ionization could be suppressed in the presence of added electrolyte. This is because charge screening suppresses the subtle change in the packing parameter required to drive the morphological transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph
R. Lovett
- Dainton
Building, Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Nicholas J. Warren
- Dainton
Building, Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton
Building, Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
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33
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Truong NP, Quinn JF, Whittaker MR, Davis TP. Polymeric filomicelles and nanoworms: two decades of synthesis and application. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00639f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the substantial progress in the syntheses and applications of filomicelles, an emerging nanomaterial with distinct and useful properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghia P. Truong
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - John F. Quinn
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Michael R. Whittaker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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34
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Pei Y, Jarrett K, Saunders M, Roth PJ, Buckley CE, Lowe AB. Triply responsive soft matter nanoparticles based on poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-block-3-phenylpropyl methacrylate] copolymers. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00254d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The stimulus-responsive properties of nanoparticles based on poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-b-3-phenylpropyl methacrylate] (p(OEGMA-b-PPMA)) copolymers in alcohols are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Pei
- Nanochemistry Research Institute (NRI)
- Curtin University
- Perth
- Australia
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Kevin Jarrett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Curtin University
- Perth
- Australia
| | - Martin Saunders
- Centre for Microscopy
- Characterisation and Analysis (CMCA)
- University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
| | - Peter J. Roth
- Nanochemistry Research Institute (NRI)
- Curtin University
- Perth
- Australia
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Craig E. Buckley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Curtin University
- Perth
- Australia
| | - Andrew B. Lowe
- Nanochemistry Research Institute (NRI)
- Curtin University
- Perth
- Australia
- Department of Chemistry
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35
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Simon KA, Warren NJ, Mosadegh B, Mohammady MR, Whitesides GM, Armes SP. Disulfide-Based Diblock Copolymer Worm Gels: A Wholly-Synthetic Thermoreversible 3D Matrix for Sheet-Based Cultures. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3952-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. Simon
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Warren
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brookhill Sheffield S37H, United Kingdom
| | - Bobak Mosadegh
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Marym R. Mohammady
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - George M. Whitesides
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brookhill Sheffield S37H, United Kingdom
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36
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Zetterlund PB, Thickett SC, Perrier S, Bourgeat-Lami E, Lansalot M. Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization in Dispersed Systems: An Update. Chem Rev 2015; 115:9745-800. [PMID: 26313922 DOI: 10.1021/cr500625k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Per B Zetterlund
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Stuart C Thickett
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Elodie Bourgeat-Lami
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), LCPP group, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, 43, Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), LCPP group, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, 43, Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
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37
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Clarkson CG, Lovett JR, Madsen J, Armes SP, Geoghegan M. Characterization of Diblock Copolymer Order-Order Transitions in Semidilute Aqueous Solution Using Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1572-7. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G. Clarkson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Sheffield; Hounsfield Road Sheffield S3 7RH UK
| | - Joseph R. Lovett
- Department of Chemistry; University of Sheffield; Brook Hill Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Jeppe Madsen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Sheffield; Brook Hill Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry; University of Sheffield; Brook Hill Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Mark Geoghegan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Sheffield; Hounsfield Road Sheffield S3 7RH UK
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38
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Thompson KL, Mable CJ, Cockram A, Warren NJ, Cunningham VJ, Jones ER, Verber R, Armes SP. Are block copolymer worms more effective Pickering emulsifiers than block copolymer spheres? SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:8615-8626. [PMID: 25254485 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01724b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RAFT-mediated polymerisation-induced self-assembly (PISA) is used to prepare six types of amphiphilic block copolymer nanoparticles which were subsequently evaluated as putative Pickering emulsifiers for the stabilisation of n-dodecane-in-water emulsions. It was found that linear poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)-poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (PGMA-PHPMA) diblock copolymer spheres and worms do not survive the high shear homogenisation conditions used for emulsification. Stable emulsions are obtained, but the copolymer acts as a polymeric surfactant; individual chains rather than particles are adsorbed at the oil-water interface. Particle dissociation during emulsification is attributed to the weakly hydrophobic character of the PHPMA block. Covalent stabilisation of these copolymer spheres or worms can be readily achieved by addition of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) during the PISA synthesis. TEM studies confirm that the resulting cross-linked spherical or worm-like nanoparticles survive emulsification and produce genuine Pickering emulsions. Alternatively, stabilisation can be achieved by either replacing or supplementing the PHPMA block with the more hydrophobic poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PBzMA). The resulting linear spheres or worms also survive emulsification and produce stable n-dodecane-in-water Pickering emulsions. The intrinsic advantages of anisotropic worms over isotropic spheres for the preparation of Pickering emulsions are highlighted. The former particles are more strongly adsorbed at similar efficiencies compared to spheres and also enable smaller oil droplets to be produced for a given copolymer concentration. The scalable nature of PISA formulations augurs well for potential applications of anisotropic block copolymer nanoparticles as Pickering emulsifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK.
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39
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Cunningham VJ, Ratcliffe LPD, Blanazs A, Warren NJ, Smith AJ, Mykhaylyk OO, Armes SP. Tuning the critical gelation temperature of thermo-responsive diblock copolymer worm gels. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00856a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuning the thermo-responsive behavior of statistical diblock copolymer worms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A. Blanazs
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield, UK
| | - N. J. Warren
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - S. P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield, UK
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