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Bhutia SZ, Sukumaran SK, Satapathy DK. Determining the Characteristics of Ultrathin Polymer Films: A Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Approach. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 38914532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Ellipsometry is a powerful and convenient technique that is widely used to determine the thickness and optical characteristics of polymer thin films. The determination is accomplished by modeling the measured change in the polarization of an electromagnetic wave upon interacting with the thin film. However, due to the strong statistical correlations between the fit parameters in the model, simultaneous determination of the thickness and the refractive indices of optically anisotropic ultrathin films using ellipsometry remains a challenge. Here, we propose an approach that can be used to obtain reliable values of both the thickness and the optical anisotropy of ultrathin polymer films. The approach was developed by performing spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements on thin films of hydrophobic polystyrene and hydrophilic chitosan of thickness between a few tens to a few hundred nm and whose absolute value of the birefringence differed by approximately an order of magnitude. Careful consideration of the characteristics of the root mean squared error of the fits obtained by modeling the ellipsometry data and the statistical correlations between the fit parameters formed the basis of the proposed approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Zangpo Bhutia
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- Center for Soft and Biological Matter, IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Sathish K Sukumaran
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Dillip K Satapathy
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- Center for Soft and Biological Matter, IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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2
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Ren W, Hong Y, Wei H, Xu J, Zhang C, Zhou X, Wang X. Structure of the Poly(methyl methacrylate) Adsorbed Layer Determined by the Surface Chemistry of the Substrate. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhao Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yongming Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Huidong Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jianquan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Cuiyun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xianjing Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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3
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Wang S, Luo Z, Liang J, Hu J, Jiang N, He J, Li Q. Polymer Nanocomposite Dielectrics: Understanding the Matrix/Particle Interface. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13612-13656. [PMID: 36107156 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposite dielectrics possess exceptional electric properties that are absent in the pristine dielectric polymers. The matrix/particle interface in polymer nanocomposite dielectrics is suggested to play decisive roles on the bulk material performance. Herein, we present a critical overview of recent research advances and important insights in understanding the matrix/particle interfacial characteristics in polymer nanocomposite dielectrics. The primary experimental strategies and state-of-the-art characterization techniques for resolving the local property-structure correlation of the matrix/particle interface are dissected in depth, with a focus on the characterization capabilities of each strategy or technique that other approaches cannot compete with. Limitations to each of the experimental strategy are evaluated as well. In the last section of this Review, we summarize and compare the three experimental strategies from multiple aspects and point out their advantages and disadvantages, critical issues, and possible experimental schemes to be established. Finally, the authors' personal viewpoints regarding the challenges of the existing experimental strategies are presented, and potential directions for the interface study are proposed for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiajie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Naisheng Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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4
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The Transition of Molecular Alignment of Poly(ethylene oxide) Film via Thermal Annealing. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-022-0032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Shimokita K, Yamamoto K, Miyata N, Nakanishi Y, Ogawa H, Takenaka M, Yamada NL, Miyazaki T. Investigation of Interfacial Water Accumulation between Polypropylene Thin Film and Si Substrate by Neutron Reflectivity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:14550-14557. [PMID: 34865493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We performed neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements of isotactic polypropylene (PP) thin films deposited on a Si substrate at the saturated vapor pressure of deuterated water to investigate interfacial water accumulation between the PP and metal surfaces in PP-based polymer/inorganic filler nanocomposites and metal/resin bonding materials. The PP thin films prepared on a Si substrate by a spin-coating technique were adequate as a model system for the PP/metal interface in these materials. A water-rich layer with a maximum water concentration of 0.5, which was considerably higher than those reported in previous studies of organic/inorganic interfaces, was observed within a width of approximately 3 nm at the interface under saturated vapor conditions. This could be attributed to the weak interaction between the PP thin film and the Si substrate. The pathway of moisture transport to the interfacial region was along the interface rather than through the PP film because the hydrophobic PP thin film does not entirely swell with water vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Shimokita
- Functional Base Products Sector, Nitto Denko Corporation, 18 Hirayama, Nakahara, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-3194, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Gradual School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Gradual School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Noboru Miyata
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Yohei Nakanishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ogawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Mikihito Takenaka
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Miyazaki
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
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6
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Miyazaki T, Miyata N, Arima-Osonoi H, Kira H, Ohuchi K, Kasai S, Tsumura Y, Aoki H. Layered Structure in the Crystalline Adsorption Layer and the Leaching Process of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Revealed by Neutron Reflectivity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:9873-9882. [PMID: 34348461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the structure of the crystalline adsorption layer of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in hot water by neutron reflectivity in two cases: when the adsorption layer is exposed on the substrate by leaching the upper bulk layer and when it is deeply embedded between a relatively thick PVA film and substrate. In both cases, the PVA adsorption layer consists of three layers on the Si substrate. The bottom layer, consisting of amorphous chains that are strongly constrained on the substrate, is not swollen even in hot water at 90 °C. The middle layer, consisting of amorphous chains that are much more mobile compared with those in the bottom layer, has no freedom to assume a crystalline form. Only the molecular chains in the top layer are crystallizable in the adsorption layer, leading to a heterogeneous layered structure in the film thickness direction. This layered structure is attributed to the crystallizable chains of PVA during the formation of the adsorption layer driven by hydrogen bonding. However, the structure and dynamics in the adsorption layer may differ in both cases because the molecular chains in the vicinity of the surface seem to be affected by surface effects even in the adsorption layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Miyazaki
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Noboru Miyata
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arima-Osonoi
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kira
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ohuchi
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kasai
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tsumura
- Kurashiki Research Center, Kuraray Co., Ltd., 2045-1, Sakazu, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0801, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aoki
- Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
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7
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Rahman MU, Xi Y, Li H, Chen F, Liu D, Wei J. Dynamics and Structure Formation of Confined Polymer Thin Films Supported on Solid Substrates. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1621. [PMID: 34067812 PMCID: PMC8155975 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The stability/instability behavior of polystyrene (PS) films with tunable thickness ranging from higher as-cast to lower residual made on Si substrates with and without native oxide layer was studied in this paper. For further extraction of residual PS thin film (hresi) and to investigate the polymer-substrate interaction, Guiselin's method was used by decomposing the polymer thin films in different solvents. The solvents for removing loosely adsorbed chains and extracting the strongly adsorbed irreversible chains were selected based on their relative desorption energy difference with polymer. The PS thin films rinsed in chloroform with higher polarity than that of toluene showed a higher decrease in the residual film thickness but exhibited earlier growth of holes and dewetting in the film. The un-annealed samples with a higher oxide film thickness showed a higher decrease in the PS residual film thickness. The effective viscosity of PS thin films spin-coated on H-Si substrates increased because of more resistance to flow dynamics due to the stronger polymer-substrate interaction as compared to that of Si-SiOx substrates. By decreasing the film thickness, the overall effective mobility of the film increased and led to the decrease in the effective viscosity, with matching results of the film morphology from atomic force microscopy (AFM). The polymer film maintained low viscosity until a certain period of time, whereupon further annealing occurred, and the formation of holes in the film grew, which ultimately dewetted the film. The residual film decrement, growth of holes in the film, and dewetting of the polymer-confined thin film showed dependence on the effective viscosity, the strength of solvent used, and various involved interactions on the surface of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujib Ur Rahman
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
| | - Yonghao Xi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.X.); (H.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Haipeng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.X.); (H.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Fei Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.X.); (H.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Dongjie Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.X.); (H.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Jinjia Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.X.); (H.L.); (F.C.)
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8
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Xu L, Shi TF, An LJ, Lu YY, Wang LN. Effect of Interfacial Adsorption on the Stability of Thin Polymer Films in a Solvent-induced Process. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Jiang N, Chen J, Yu T, Chao A, Kang L, Wu Y, Niu K, Li R, Fukuto M, Zhang D. Cyclic Topology Enhancing Structural Ordering and Stability of Comb-Shaped Polypeptoid Thin Films against Melt-Induced Dewetting. Macromolecules 2020; 53:7601-7612. [PMID: 32952217 PMCID: PMC7498153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of cyclic chain topology on the molecular ordering and thermal stability of comb-shaped polypeptoid thin films on silicon (Si) substrates. Cyclic and linear poly(N-decylglycine) (PNDG) bearing long n-decyl side chains were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of N-decylglycine-derived N-carboxyanhydrides. When the spin-coated thin films were subjected to thermal annealing at temperatures above the melting temperature (T > T m), the cyclic PNDG films exhibited significantly enhanced stability against melt-induced dewetting than the linear counterparts (l-PNDG). When recrystallized at temperatures below the crystallization temperature (T < T c), the homogeneous c-PNDG films exhibit enhanced crystalline ordering relative to the macroscopically dewetted l-PNDG films. Both cyclic and linear PNDG molecules adopt cis-amide conformations in the crystalline film, which transition into trans-amide conformations upon melting. A top-down solvent leaching treatment of both l/c-PNDG films revealed the formation of an irreversibly physisorbed monolayer with similar thickness (ca. 3 nm) on the Si substrate. The physisorbed monolayers are more disordered relative to the respective thicker crystalline films for both cyclic and linear PNDGs. Upon heating above T m, the adsorbed c-PNDG chains adopt trans-amide backbone conformation identical with the free c-PNDG molecules in the molten film. By contrast, the backbone conformations of l-PNDG chains in the adsorbed layers are notably different from those of the free chains in the molten film. We postulate that the conformational disparity between the chains in the physically adsorbed layers versus the free chains in the molten film is an important factor to account for the difference in the thermal stability of PNDG thin films. These findings highlight the use of cyclic chain topology to suppress the melt-induced dewetting in polymer thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naisheng Jiang
- Department of Chemistry
and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana
State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianxia Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tianyi Yu
- Department of Chemistry
and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana
State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Albert Chao
- Department of Chemistry
and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana
State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Liying Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kangmin Niu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Masafumi Fukuto
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana
State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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10
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Salatto D, Koga YT, Bajaj Y, Huang Z, Yavitt BM, Meng Y, Carrillo JMY, Sumpter BG, Nykypanchuk D, Taniguchi T, Endoh MK, Koga T. Generalized Protein-Repellent Properties of Ultrathin Homopolymer Films. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Salatto
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Yuto T. Koga
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yashasvi Bajaj
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Zhixing Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Benjamin M. Yavitt
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Yizhi Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Jan-Michael Y. Carrillo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Bobby G. Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Dmytro Nykypanchuk
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura-Campus, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Maya K. Endoh
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Tadanori Koga
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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11
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Napolitano S. Irreversible adsorption of polymer melts and nanoconfinement effects. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:5348-5365. [PMID: 32419002 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00361a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For almost a decade, growing experimental evidence has revealed a strong correlation between the properties of nanoconfined polymers and the number of chains irreversibly adsorbed onto nonrepulsive interfaces, e.g. the supporting substrate of thin polymer coatings, or nanofillers dispersed in polymer melts. Based on such a correlation, it has already been possible to tailor structural and dynamics properties - such as the glass transition temperature, the crystallization rate, the thermal expansion coefficients, the viscosity and the wettability - of nanomaterials by controlling the adsorption kinetics. This evidence indicates that irreversible adsorption affects nanoconfinement effects. More recently, also the opposite phenomenon was experimentally observed: nanoconfinement alters interfacial interactions and, consequently, also the number of chains adsorbed in equilibrium conditions. In this review we discuss this intriguing interplay between irreversible adsorption and nanoconfinement effects in ultrathin polymer films. After introducing the methods currently used to prepare adsorbed layers and to measure the number of irreversibly adsorbed chains, we analyze the models employed to describe the kinetics of adsorption in polymer melts. We then discuss the structure of adsorbed polymer layers, focusing on the complex macromolecular architecture of interfacial chains and on their thermal expansion; we examine the way in which the structure of the adsorbed layer affects the thermal glass transition temperature, vitrification, and crystallization. By analyzing segmental dynamics of 1D confined systems, we describe experiments to track the changes in density during adsorption. We conclude this review with an analysis of the impact of nanoconfinement on adsorption, and a perspective on future work where we also address the key ideas of irreversibility, equilibration and long-range interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST), Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium.
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12
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Vanroy B, Wübbenhorst M, Napolitano S. Remotely Controlling the Crystallization of Thin Polymer Coatings. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bram Vanroy
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Michael Wübbenhorst
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels 1050, Belgium
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13
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Lee S, Lee W, Yamada NL, Tanaka K, Kim JH, Lee H, Ryu DY. Instability of Polystyrene Film and Thermal Behaviors Mediated by Unfavorable Silicon Oxide Interlayer. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seungjae Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Wooseop Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Norifumi L. Yamada
- Neutron Science Division, Institute for Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Jong Hak Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hoyeon Lee
- Neutron Science Center, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34057, Korea
| | - Du Yeol Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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14
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Wang Y, Gu K, Monnier X, Jeong H, Chowdhury M, Cangialosi D, Loo YL, Priestley RD. Tunable Properties of MAPLE-Deposited Thin Films in the Presence of Suppressed Segmental Dynamics. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1115-1121. [PMID: 35619457 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Processing polymer thin films by physical vapor deposition has been a major challenge due to material degradation. This challenge has limited our understanding of morphological control by top-down approaches that can be crucial for many applications. Recently, matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) has emerged as an alternative route to fabricate polymer thin films from near-gas phase growth conditions. In this Letter, we investigate how this approach can result in a stable two-phase film structure of semicrystalline polymers via a unique combination of MAPLE and flash calorimetry. In the case of MAPLE-deposited poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) thin films, we find a 35 °C enhancement in the glass transition temperature relative to melt-crystallized films, which is associated with irreversible chain adsorption in the amorphous region of the film. Remarkably, by varying substrate temperature during deposition, we reveal the ability to significantly tune the crystal orientation, extent of crystallinity, and lamellar thickness of MAPLE-deposited PEO thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Kaichen Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Xavier Monnier
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Hyuncheol Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Mithun Chowdhury
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Yueh-Lin Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Rodney D. Priestley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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15
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Miyazaki T, Miyata N, Asada M, Tsumura Y, Torikai N, Aoki H, Yamamoto K, Kanaya T, Kawaguchi D, Tanaka K. Elucidation of a Heterogeneous Layered Structure in the Thickness Direction of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Films with Solvent Vapor-Induced Swelling. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:11099-11107. [PMID: 31365260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the swelling behaviors of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films deposited on Si wafers with water vapor, which is a good solvent for PVA for elucidating structural and dynamical heterogeneities in the film thickness direction. Using deuterated water vapor, structural and dynamical differences in the thickness direction can be detected easily as different degrees of swelling in the thickness direction by neutron reflectivity. Consequently, the PVA film with a degree of saponification exceeding 98 mol % exhibits a three-layered structure in the thickness direction. It is considered that an adsorption layer consisting of molecular chains that are strongly adsorbed onto the solid substrate is formed at the interface with the substrate, which is not swollen with water vapor compared with the bulk-like layer above it. The adsorption layer is considered to exhibit significantly slower dynamics than the bulk. Furthermore, a surface layer that swells excessively compared with the underneath bulk-like layer is found. This excess swelling of the surface layer may be related to a higher mobility of the molecular chains or lower crystallinity at the surface region compared to the underneath bulk-like layer. Meanwhile, for the PVA film with a much lower degree of saponification, a thin layer with a slightly lower degree of swelling than the bulk-like layer above it can be detected at the interface between the film and substrate only under a high humidity condition. This layer is considered to be the adsorption layer composed of molecular chains loosely adsorbed onto the Si substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Miyazaki
- Neutron Science and Technology Center , Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society , 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai , Naka , Ibaraki 319-1106 , Japan
| | - Noboru Miyata
- Neutron Science and Technology Center , Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society , 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai , Naka , Ibaraki 319-1106 , Japan
| | - Mitsunori Asada
- Kurashiki Research Center , Kuraray Company, Limited , 2045-1, Sakazu , Kurashiki , Okayama 710-0801 , Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tsumura
- Kurashiki Research Center , Kuraray Company, Limited , 2045-1, Sakazu , Kurashiki , Okayama 710-0801 , Japan
| | - Naoya Torikai
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering , Mie University , 1577 Kurimamachiya , Tsu , Mie 514-8507 , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aoki
- Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center , Japan Atomic Energy Agency , 2-4 Shirakata , Tokai , Ibaraki 319-1195 , Japan
- Institute of Materials Structure Science , High Energy Accelerator Research Organization , 203-1 Shirakata , Tokai , Ibaraki 319-1106 , Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Gradual School of Engineering , Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso-cho , Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555 , Japan
| | - Toshiji Kanaya
- Institute of Materials Structure Science , High Energy Accelerator Research Organization , 203-1 Shirakata , Tokai , Ibaraki 319-1106 , Japan
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16
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Morimitsu Y, Salatto D, Jiang N, Sen M, Nishitsuji S, Yavitt BM, Endoh MK, Subramanian A, Nam CY, Li R, Fukuto M, Zhang Y, Wiegart L, Fluerasu A, Tanaka K, Koga T. “Structurally Neutral” Densely Packed Homopolymer-Adsorbed Chains for Directed Self-Assembly of Block Copolymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Morimitsu
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Daniel Salatto
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Naisheng Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Mani Sen
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Shotaro Nishitsuji
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Benjamin M. Yavitt
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Maya K. Endoh
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Ashwanth Subramanian
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Chang-Yong Nam
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Masafumi Fukuto
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Yugang Zhang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Lutz Wiegart
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Andrei Fluerasu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tadanori Koga
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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17
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Langmuir film formation of amphiphilic hybrid block copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(methacrylo polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane). Colloid Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-019-04517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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18
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Guo S, Lu Y, Wang B, Shen C, Chen J, Reiter G, Zhang B. Controlling the pore size in conjugated polymer films via crystallization-driven phase separation. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:2981-2989. [PMID: 30912567 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00370c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of possible applications in sensors and optoelectronic devices have focused considerable attention on porous membranes made of semi-conducting polymers. In this study, porous films of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) were conveniently constructed through spin-coating of solutions of a blend of P3HT and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Pores were formed by phase separation driven simultaneously by incompatibility and crystallization. The influence of the polymer concentration (c), molecular weight (Mn) and spin-coating temperature (Tsp) on the pore size and structure was investigated. With increasing c from 0.5 to 5.0 wt%, the pore diameter (d) varied from ≈1.3 μm to ≈38 μm. Similarly, we observed a substantial increase of d with increasing Mn of PEG, while changing Mn of P3HT did not affect d. Micron- and nano-scale pores coexisted in porous P3HT films. While incompatibility of P3HT and PEG caused the formation of nano-pores, micron-scale pores resulted from crystallization in the PEG-rich domains by forcing PEG molecules to diffuse from the surrounding PEG-P3HT blend region to the crystal growth front.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowen Guo
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Henan Province Industrial Technology Research Institute of Resources and Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Song Z, Qian M, Zhang H, Wang T, Ding G, Liu J. The fabrication and molecular alignment of poly(ethylene oxide) grating film based on hot embossing technology. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03753e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication and alignment transition of poly(ethylene oxide) grating film via hot embossing technology are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhua Song
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei 235000
- China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Energetic Materials
| | - Menxiang Qian
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei 235000
- China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Energetic Materials
| | - Hangyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei 235000
- China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Energetic Materials
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei 235000
- China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Energetic Materials
| | - Guangzhu Ding
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei 235000
- China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Energetic Materials
| | - Jieping Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei 235000
- China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Energetic Materials
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20
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Jiang N, Di X, Salatto D, Nam CY, Fukuto M, Endoh MK, Koga T. Self-Organization of Triblock Copolymer Melt Chains Physisorbed on Non-neutral Surfaces. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:17805-17813. [PMID: 31458377 PMCID: PMC6644122 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We here report the self-organization process of poly(styrene-b-ethylene/butadiene-b-styrene) (SEBS) triblock copolymer chains physically adsorbed on a non-neutral surface. Spin-cast SEBS thin films were prepared on silicon (Si) substrates and then annealed at a high temperature far above the bulk glass transition temperatures of the two constituent blocks. To reveal the buried interfacial structure, we utilized solvent rinsing processes and a suite of surface-sensitive techniques including ellipsometry, X-ray reflectivity, atomic force microscopy, and grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering. We revealed that the SEBS chains form two different chain structures on the substrate simultaneously: (i) "flattened chains" with the average height of 2.5 nm but without forming microdomain structures; (ii) "loosely adsorbed chains" with the average height of 11.0 nm and the formation of perpendicularly oriented cylindrical microdomains to the substrate surface. In addition, the kinetics to form the perpendicular-oriented cylinder was sluggish (∼200 h) and proceeded via multistep processes toward the equilibrium state. We also found that the lateral microdomain structures were distorted, and the characteristic lengths of the microdomains were slightly different from the bulk even after reaching "quasiequilibrium" state within the observed time window. Furthermore, we highlight the vital role of the adsorbed chains in the self-assembling process of the entire SEBS thin film: a long-range perturbation associated with the adsorbed chains propagates into the film interior, overwhelming the free surface effect associated with surface segregation of the lower surface tension of polystyrene blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naisheng Jiang
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Di
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Daniel Salatto
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Chang-Yong Nam
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Masafumi Fukuto
- National
Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Maya K. Endoh
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Tadanori Koga
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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21
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Jiang N, Sen M, Zeng W, Chen Z, Cheung JM, Morimitsu Y, Endoh MK, Koga T, Fukuto M, Yuan G, Satija SK, Carrillo JMY, Sumpter BG. Structure-induced switching of interpolymer adhesion at a solid-polymer melt interface. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:1108-1119. [PMID: 29340434 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02279d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a link between the interfacial structure and adhesive property of homopolymer chains physically adsorbed (i.e., via physisorption) onto solids. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) was used as a model and two different chain conformations of the adsorbed polymer were created on silicon substrates via the well-established Guiselin's approach: "flattened chains" which lie flat on the solid and are densely packed, and "loosely adsorbed polymer chains" which form bridges jointing up nearby empty sites on the solid surface and cover the flattened chains. We investigated the adhesion properties of the two different adsorbed chains using a custom-built adhesion testing device. Bilayers of a thick PEO overlayer on top of the flattened chains or loosely adsorbed chains were subjected to the adhesion test. The results revealed that the flattened chains do not show any adhesion even with the chemically identical free polymer on top, while the loosely adsorbed chains exhibit adhesion. Neutron reflectivity experiments corroborated that the difference in the interfacial adhesion is not attributed to the interfacial brodening at the free polymer-adsorbed polymer interface. Instead, coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation results suggest that the tail parts of the loosely adsorbed chains act as "connector molecules", bridging the free chains and substrate surface and improving the interfacial adhesion. These findings not only shed light on the structure-property relationship at the interface, but also provide a novel approach for developing sticking/anti-sticking technologies through precise control of the interfacial polymer nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naisheng Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, USA.
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22
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Ren W, Wang Y, Chen X, Zuo B, Zhou X, Wang X. Segmental Relaxation Dynamics of the Core and Corona in a Single Dry Micelle. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhao Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Biao Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xianjing Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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23
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Jiang N, Cheung J, Guo Y, Endoh MK, Koga T, Yuan G, Satija SK. Stability of Adsorbed Polystyrene Nanolayers on Silicon Substrates. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naisheng Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794‐2275 USA
| | - JustinM. Cheung
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794‐2275 USA
| | - Yichen Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794‐2275 USA
| | - Maya K. Endoh
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794‐2275 USA
| | - Tadanori Koga
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794‐2275 USA
- Department of Chemistry Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794‐3400 USA
| | - Guangcui Yuan
- Center for Neutron Research National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA
| | - Sushil K. Satija
- Center for Neutron Research National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA
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24
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Swelling process of thin polymer film studied via in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry. Chem Res Chin Univ 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-017-7075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Xu J, Liu Z, Lan Y, Zuo B, Wang X, Yang J, Zhang W, Hu W. Mobility Gradient of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Chains near a Substrate Scaled by the Thickness of the Adsorbed Layer. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing
Technology of the Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhenshan Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing
Technology of the Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yang Lan
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing
Technology of the Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Biao Zuo
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing
Technology of the Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing
Technology of the Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Juping Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing
Technology of the Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing
Technology of the Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wenbing Hu
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Coordination
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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26
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Martínez-Tong DE, Miccio LA, Alegria A. Ionic transport in the amorphous phase of semicrystalline polyethylene oxide thin films. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:5597-5603. [PMID: 28730197 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00651a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed study on the ionic transport properties of polyethylene oxide (PEO) thin films prepared under different conditions. Using a state-of-the-art Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) methodology, we simultaneously acquired the nanostructured topography of these semicrystalline polymer films as well as the corresponding dielectric function; in the latter case by probing the frequency-dependent tip-sample electrical interactions. By means of this AFM protocol, we studied the ionic conductivity in the PEO amorphous phase and its dependence on film preparation conditions. In general, for any preparation method, we found a distribution of conductivities ranging from 10-14 to 10-6 S cm-1. Specifically, PEO thin films crystallized from the melt presented relatively high conductivity values, which decreased in the PEO films prepared from solutions at room temperature depending on solvent polarity. We discuss our results by considering the molecular arrangement of the polymer segments in the complex amorphous phase, which is strongly influenced by the PEO crystallization route.
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27
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Jiang N, Sendogdular L, Sen M, Endoh MK, Koga T, Fukuto M, Akgun B, Satija SK, Nam CY. Novel Effects of Compressed CO 2 Molecules on Structural Ordering and Charge Transport in Conjugated Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Thin Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:10851-10860. [PMID: 27709955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the effects of compressed CO2 molecules as a novel plasticization agent for poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-conjugated polymer thin films. In situ neutron reflectivity experiments demonstrated the excess sorption of CO2 molecules in the P3HT thin films (about 40 nm in thickness) at low pressure (P = 8.2 MPa) under the isothermal condition of T = 36 °C, which is far below the polymer bulk melting point. The results proved that these CO2 molecules accelerated the crystallization process of the polymer on the basis of ex situ grazing incidence X-ray diffraction measurements after drying the films via rapid depressurization to atmospheric pressure: both the out-of-plane lamellar ordering of the backbone chains and the intraplane π-π stacking of the side chains were significantly improved, when compared with those in the control P3HT films subjected to conventional thermal annealing (at T = 170 °C). Electrical measurements elucidated that the CO2-annealed P3HT thin films exhibited enhanced charge carrier mobility along with decreased background charge carrier concentration and trap density compared with those in the thermally annealed counterpart. This is attributed to the CO2-induced increase in polymer chain mobility that can drive the detrapping of molecular oxygen and healing of conformational defects in the polymer thin film. Given the universality of the excess sorption of CO2 regardless of the type of polymers, the present findings suggest that CO2 annealing near the critical point can be useful as a robust processing strategy for improving the structural and electrical characteristics of other semiconducting conjugated polymers and related systems such as polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naisheng Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Levent Sendogdular
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Mani Sen
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Maya K Endoh
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Tadanori Koga
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Masafumi Fukuto
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Bulent Akgun
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University , Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Sushil K Satija
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Chang-Yong Nam
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
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28
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Sen M, Jiang N, Cheung J, Endoh MK, Koga T, Kawaguchi D, Tanaka K. Flattening Process of Polymer Chains Irreversibly Adsorbed on a Solid. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:504-508. [PMID: 35607232 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the structural relaxation process of irreversibly adsorbed polymer chains via thermal annealing that lie flat on a solid ("flattened chains"). Amorphous polystyrene and quartz, which together constitute a weakly attractive system, was used as a model where the local chain conformations of the flattened chains were investigated by sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG). Two different film preparation processes (i.e., spin coating and dip coating methods) were utilized to create different initial chain conformations. The spin-coated and dip-coated PS thin films were annealed at a temperature far above the bulk glass transition temperature to reach the "quasiequilibrium" state and subsequently rinsed with chloroform to uncover the buried flattened chains. The SFG results revealed that the backbone chains (constituted of CH and CH2 groups) of the flattened PS chains preferentially orient to the weakly interactive substrate surface via thermal annealing regardless of the initial chain conformations, while the orientation of the phenyl rings becomes randomized. We postulate that increasing the number of surface-segmental contacts (i.e., enthalpic gain) is the driving force for the flattening process of the polymer chains, even onto a weakly interactive solid to overcome the conformational entropy loss in the total free energy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tadanori Koga
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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29
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30
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Jeong H, Shepard KB, Purdum GE, Guo Y, Loo YL, Arnold CB, Priestley RD. Additive Growth and Crystallization of Polymer Films. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyuncheol Jeong
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 United States
| | - Kimberly B. Shepard
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 United States
| | - Geoffrey E. Purdum
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 United States
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 United States
| | - Yueh-Lin Loo
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 United States
- Princeton
Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 United States
| | - Craig B. Arnold
- Princeton
Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 United States
- Mechanical
and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 United States
| | - Rodney D. Priestley
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 United States
- Princeton
Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 United States
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Habibi M, Rahimzadeh A, Eslamian M. On dewetting of thin films due to crystallization (crystallization dewetting). THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2016; 39:30. [PMID: 26993991 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2016-16030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Drying and crystallization of a thin liquid film of an ionic or a similar solution can cause dewetting in the resulting thin solid film. This paper aims at investigating this type of dewetting, herein termed "crystallization dewetting", using PbI2 dissolved in organic solvents as the model solution. PbI2 solid films are usually used in X-ray detection and lead halide perovskite solar cells. In this work, PbI2 films are fabricated using spin coating and the effect of major parameters influencing the crystallization dewetting, including the type of the solvent, solution concentration, drying temperature, spin speed, as well as imposed vibration on the substrate are studied on dewetting, surface profile and coverage, using confocal scanning laser microscopy. Simplified hydrodynamic governing equations of crystallization in thin films are presented and using a mathematical representation of the process, it is phenomenologically demonstrated that crystallization dewetting occurs due to the absorption and consumption of the solution surrounding a growing crystal. Among the results, it is found that a low spin speed (high thickness), a high solution concentration and a low drying temperature promote crystal growth, and therefore crystallization dewetting. It is also shown that imposed vibration on the substrate can affect the crystal size and crystallization dewetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Habibi
- University of Michigan - Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Amin Rahimzadeh
- University of Michigan - Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Morteza Eslamian
- University of Michigan - Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, 200240, Shanghai, China.
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Jiang N, Wang J, Di X, Cheung J, Zeng W, Endoh MK, Koga T, Satija SK. Nanoscale adsorbed structures as a robust approach for tailoring polymer film stability. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:1801-9. [PMID: 26685723 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02435h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The stability or wettability of thin polymer films on solids is of vital interest in traditional technologies as well as in new emerging nanotechnologies. We report here that nanoscale structures of polymer chains adsorbed onto a solid surface play a crucial role in the thermal stability of the film. In this study, polystyrene (PS) spin-cast films (20 nm in thickness) with eight different molecular weights prepared on silicon (Si) substrates were used as a model. When low molecular weight (Mw≤ 50 kDa) PS films were subjected to thermal annealing at temperatures far above the bulk glass transition temperature, dewetting occurred promptly, while high molecular weight (Mw≥ 123 kDa) PS films were stable for at least 6 weeks at 150 °C. We reveal a strong correlation between the film stability and the two different interfacial structures of the adsorbed polymer chains: their opposing wettability against chemically identical free polymer chains results in a wetting-dewetting transition at the adsorbed polymer-free polymer interface. This is a unique aspect of the stability of polymer thin films and may be generalizable to other polymer systems regardless of the magnitude of solid-polymer attractive interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naisheng Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, USA.
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Jiang N, Endoh MK, Koga T. Structures and Dynamics of Adsorbed Polymer Nanolayers on Planar Solids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21948-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Spièce J, Martínez-Tong DE, Sferrazza M, Nogales A, Napolitano S. Are polymers glassier upon confinement? SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:6179-6186. [PMID: 26086889 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01229e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Glass forming systems are characterized by a stability against crystallization upon heating and by the easiness with which their liquid phase can be transformed into a solid lacking of long-range order upon cooling (glass forming ability). Here, we report the thickness dependence of the thermal phase transition temperatures of poly(l-lactide acid) thin films supported onto solid substrates. The determination of the glass transition, cold crystallization and melting temperatures down to a thickness of 6 nm, permitted us to build up parameters describing glass stability and glass forming ability. We observed a strong influence of the film thickness on the latter, while the former is not affected by 1D confinement. Further experiments permitted us to highlight key structural morphology features giving insights to our ellipsometric results via a physical picture based on the changes in the free volume content in proximity of the supporting interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Spièce
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Kim PY, Oh JW, Nam JM. Controlled Co-Assembly of Nanoparticles and Polymer into Ultralong and Continuous One-Dimensional Nanochains. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:8030-3. [PMID: 26067225 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a robust one-dimensional (1D) nanoparticle-assembly strategy that uses the self-assembly of nanoparticles with ligand and thermal controls, polyethylene glycol (PEG) with thiol and carboxyl groups, and nanoparticle oligomer and polymer codewetting process to form ultralong and continuous 1D nanochains. The 1D nanochains were assembled with closely packed 1D nanoparticle oligomer building blocks, elongated and buttressed by dynamic 1D PEG templates formed on a hydrophobic surface via anisotropic spinodal dewetting. Using this strategy, nanoparticle-packed 1D nanochains (∼1 nm interparticle spacing) were fabricated with ∼60 nm-width and a few to >10 μm-length (nearly 20 μm in some cases) from 20 nm gold nanoparticles. Our findings offer insights and open revenues for particle assembly processes and, as given by 'universality in colloid aggregation', should be readily applicable to various nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Yong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Wook Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
| | - Jwa-Min Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
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Jiang N, Sendogdular L, Di X, Sen M, Gin P, Endoh MK, Koga T, Akgun B, Dimitriou M, Satija S. Effect of CO2 on a Mobility Gradient of Polymer Chains near an Impenetrable Solid. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502591x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Maya K. Endoh
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Tadanori Koga
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Bulent Akgun
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Michael Dimitriou
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Sushil Satija
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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