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Yang Y, Xu Q, Wang X, Bai Z, Xu X, Ma J. Casein-based hydrogels: Advances and prospects. Food Chem 2024; 447:138956. [PMID: 38503069 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Casein-based hydrogels (Casein Gels) possess advantageous properties, including mechanical strength, stability, biocompatibility, and even adhesion, conductivity, sensing capabilities, as well as controlled-releasing behavior of drugs. These features are attributed to their gelation methods and functionalization with various polymers. Casein Gels is an important protein-based material in the food industry, in terms of dairy and functional foods, biological and medicine, in terms of carrier for bioactive and sensitive drugs, wound healing, and flexible sensors and wearable devices. Herein, this review aims to highlight the importance of the features mentioned above via a comprehensive investigation of Casein Gels through multiple directions and dimensional applications. Firstly, the composition, structure, and properties of casein, along with the gelation methods employed to create Casein Gels are elaborated, which serves as a foundation for further exploration. Then, the application progresses of Casein Gels in dairy products, functional foods, medicine, flexible sensors and wearable devices, are thoroughly discussed to provide insights into the diverse fields where Casein Gels have shown promise and utility. Lastly, the existing challenges and future research trends are highlighted from an interdisciplinary perspective. We present the latest research advances of Casein Gels and provide references for the development of multifunctional biomass-based hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Yang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qunna Xu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals and Functional Materials, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Xinyi Wang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials, Shaanxi University of Science &Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zhongxue Bai
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials, Shaanxi University of Science &Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jianzhong Ma
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals and Functional Materials, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Xi'an 710021, China.
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2
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Fu S, Zhu L, Yang X, Jiao Y, Hao G, Liu Y. Extracellular vesicles separated from goat milk by differential centrifugation coupled with sodium citrate pretreatments. Food Chem 2024; 446:138807. [PMID: 38422640 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Satisfactory separation of milk-derived extracellular vesicles (MEVs) is important for the downstream analysis of the functions and properties of MEVs. However, the presence of abundant proteins in milk hindered the separation of MEVs. In this study, three pretreatment methods, including sodium citrate (SC), acetic acid (AA), and high-speed centrifugation, were adopted to separate MEVs from goat milk while minimizing the impact of protein. The MEVs were then characterized by nanoparticle tracking, transmission electron microscopy and western blotting experiments. The results indicated that pretreatments with AA and SC greatly decreased the impact of casein, but AA pretreatment damaged the surface structure of MEVs. Additionally, the differential centrifugation process resulted in a slight loss of MEVs. Overall, MEVs with small size and high purity can be obtained under 125 k × g centrifugation combined with SC pretreatment, which suggests a promising method for separation of MEVs from goat milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangchen Fu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 108-0075, Japan.
| | - Yang Jiao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Guo Hao
- Shaanxi Goat Milk Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Fuping 711700, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, Shaanxi, China.
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3
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Zhang J, Polidori P, Pucciarelli S, Vici G, Polzonetti V, Renzi S, Wei F, Han F, Li X, Vincenzetti S. The Aggregated and Micellar Forms of β-Casein Purified from Donkey and Bovine Milk Present Potential as Carriers for Bioactive Nutritional Compounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38955361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the pure casein fraction of milk protein, particularly β-casein due to its physicochemical properties as well as its bio- and techno-functional properties. The utilization of self-assembled β-caseins from bovine origin as nanocarriers for the delivery of nutraceutical compounds or drugs has increased dramatically. Concerning β-caseins from other milk sources, the use of hypoallergenic donkey β-caseins as a potential delivery vehicle for nutraceutical hydrophobic compounds is beginning to generate interest. The present review deals with casein micelles models, bovine and donkey β-casein molecular structures, as well as their physical-chemical properties that account for their exploitation in nutraceutics and pharmaceutics. This review work suggests the possibility of developing delivery systems for hydrophobic bioactive compounds using β-casein purified from hypoallergenic donkey milk, highlighting the potential of this protein as an innovative and promising vehicle for enhancing the enrichment and bioavailability of various bioactive substances in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P. R. China
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
| | - Paolo Polidori
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
| | - Stefania Pucciarelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
| | - Giorgia Vici
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
| | - Valeria Polzonetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
| | - Sofia Renzi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
| | - Fuyao Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P. R. China
| | - Fubo Han
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P. R. China
| | - Silvia Vincenzetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
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4
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Raynes JK, Mata J, Wilde KL, Carver JA, Kelly SM, Holt C. Structure of biomimetic casein micelles: Critical tests of the hydrophobic colloid and multivalent-binding models using recombinant deuterated and phosphorylated β-casein. J Struct Biol X 2024; 9:100096. [PMID: 38318529 PMCID: PMC10840362 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjsbx.2024.100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk contains high concentrations of amyloidogenic casein proteins and is supersaturated with respect to crystalline calcium phosphates such as apatite. Nevertheless, the mammary gland normally remains unmineralized and free of amyloid. Unlike κ-casein, β- and αS-caseins are highly effective mineral chaperones that prevent ectopic and pathological calcification of the mammary gland. Milk invariably contains a mixture of two to five different caseins that act on each other as molecular chaperones. Instead of forming amyloid fibrils, several thousand caseins and hundreds of nanoclusters of amorphous calcium phosphate combine to form fuzzy complexes called casein micelles. To understand the biological functions of the casein micelle its structure needs to be understood better than at present. The location in micelles of the highly amyloidogenic κ-casein is disputed. In traditional hydrophobic colloid models, it, alone, forms a stabilizing surface coat that also determines the average size of the micelles. In the recent multivalent-binding model, κ-casein is present throughout the micelle, in intimate contact with the other caseins. To discriminate between these models, a range of biomimetic micelles was prepared using a fixed concentration of the mineral chaperone β-casein and nanoclusters of calcium phosphate, with variable concentrations of κ-casein. A biomimetic micelle was also prepared using a highly deuterated and in vivo phosphorylated recombinant β-casein with calcium phosphate and unlabelled κ-casein. Neutron and X-ray scattering experiments revealed that κ-casein is distributed throughout the micelle, in quantitative agreement with the multivalent-binding model but contrary to the hydrophobic colloid models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared K. Raynes
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC 3031, Australia
- All G Foods, Waterloo, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jitendra Mata
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Karyn L. Wilde
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - John A. Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Sharon M. Kelly
- School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Holt
- School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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Yang Z, Cheng L, de Campo L, Gilbert EP, Mittelbach R, Luo L, Ye A, Li S, Hemar Y. Microstructural evolution during acid induced gelation of cow, goat, and sheep milk probed by time-resolved (ultra)-small angle neutron scattering. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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6
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Pal A, Gope A, Sengupta A. Drying of bio-colloidal sessile droplets: Advances, applications, and perspectives. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 314:102870. [PMID: 37002959 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Drying of biologically-relevant sessile droplets, including passive systems such as DNA, proteins, plasma, and blood, as well as active microbial systems comprising bacterial and algal dispersions, has garnered considerable attention over the last decades. Distinct morphological patterns emerge when bio-colloids undergo evaporative drying, with significant potential in a wide range of biomedical applications, spanning bio-sensing, medical diagnostics, drug delivery, and antimicrobial resistance. Consequently, the prospects of novel and thrifty bio-medical toolkits based on drying bio-colloids have driven tremendous progress in the science of morphological patterns and advanced quantitative image-based analysis. This review presents a comprehensive overview of bio-colloidal droplets drying on solid substrates, focusing on the experimental progress during the last ten years. We provide a summary of the physical and material properties of relevant bio-colloids and link their native composition (constituent particles, solvent, and concentrations) to the patterns emerging due to drying. We specifically examined the drying patterns generated by passive bio-colloids (e.g., DNA, globular, fibrous, composite proteins, plasma, serum, blood, urine, tears, and saliva). This article highlights how the emerging morphological patterns are influenced by the nature of the biological entities and the solvent, micro- and global environmental conditions (temperature and relative humidity), and substrate attributes like wettability. Crucially, correlations between emergent patterns and the initial droplet compositions enable the detection of potential clinical abnormalities when compared with the patterns of drying droplets of healthy control samples, offering a blueprint for the diagnosis of the type and stage of a specific disease (or disorder). Recent experimental investigations of pattern formation in the bio-mimetic and salivary drying droplets in the context of COVID-19 are also presented. We further summarized the role of biologically active agents in the drying process, including bacteria, algae, spermatozoa, and nematodes, and discussed the coupling between self-propulsion and hydrodynamics during the drying process. We wrap up the review by highlighting the role of cross-scale in situ experimental techniques for quantifying sub-micron to micro-scale features and the critical role of cross-disciplinary approaches (e.g., experimental and image processing techniques with machine learning algorithms) to quantify and predict the drying-induced features. We conclude the review with a perspective on the next generation of research and applications based on drying droplets, ultimately enabling innovative solutions and quantitative tools to investigate this exciting interface of physics, biology, data sciences, and machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusuya Pal
- University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Coventry CV47AL, West Midlands, UK; Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Physics, Worcester 01609, MA, USA.
| | - Amalesh Gope
- Tezpur University, Department of Linguistics and Language Technology, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Anupam Sengupta
- University of Luxembourg, Physics of Living Matter, Department of Physics and Materials Science, Luxembourg L-1511, Luxembourg
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7
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Increase of milk heat stability by addition of casein glycomacropeptide. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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8
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Pieters BCH, Arntz OJ, Aarts J, Feitsma AL, Neerven RJ, Kraan PM, Oliveira MC, Loo FAJ. Bovine Milk‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles Inhibit Catabolic and Inflammatory Processes in Cartilage from Osteoarthritis Patients. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 66:e2100764. [PMID: 34965027 PMCID: PMC9285407 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Onno J. Arntz
- Department of Rheumatology Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen Netherlands
| | - Joyce Aarts
- Department of Rheumatology Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen Netherlands
| | | | - R.J. Joost Neerven
- FrieslandCampina Amersfoort Netherlands
- Cell Biology and Immunology Wageningen University Wageningen Netherlands
| | - Peter M. Kraan
- Department of Rheumatology Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen Netherlands
| | - Marina C. Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition Nursing School Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Fons A. J. Loo
- Department of Rheumatology Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen Netherlands
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9
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10
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Smith GN. An alternative analysis of contrast-variation neutron scattering data of casein micelles in semi-deuterated milk. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2021; 44:5. [PMID: 33590354 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00023-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Contrast-variation small-angle neutron scattering (CV-SANS) is an excellent way to determine the structure of complex, hierarchical colloids, including self-assembled biological systems. In these experiments, the scattering length density of solvents is changed (by varying the ratio of water or [Formula: see text] and heavy water or [Formula: see text]) to highlight or mask scattering from different components in the system. This approach has been used with synthetic colloids, but it is also increasingly being used in the biological and food sciences. Perhaps the most studied food colloid is the "casein micelle," a self-assembled nanometer-scale colloid of the structure-forming casein protein in milk. CV-SANS data available in the literature are typically analyzed using approximations, which may be invalid for casein micelles, as they have been shown to be sticky spheres. To assess the applicability of this approximate approach, a comprehensive set of CV-SANS data from casein micelles in diluted milk was reanalyzed using a model-based approach, where the casein micelles were formally treated as interacting spheres. In general, the conclusions of the previous study are reproduced, but this new approach makes it more straightforward to distinguish the different components in milk and can be applied to any dairy sample with known form of interparticle interactions, which offers the possibility of studying semi-deuterated milk at its native concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N Smith
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK.
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11
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Smith GN, Brok E, Christiansen MV, Ahrné L. Casein micelles in milk as sticky spheres. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:9955-9963. [PMID: 33034319 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01327g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Milk is a ubiquitous foodstuff and food ingredient, and milk caseins are key to the structural properties of milk during processing and storage. Caseins self-assemble into nanometer-sized colloids, referred to as "micelles", and particles of this size are ideally suited to study by small-angle scattering (SAS). Previous SAS measurements have almost exclusively focussed on the internal structure of the micelles. While important for milk's properties, this attention to the interior of the micelles provides limited information about the structure-forming properties of milk and milk ingredients. The ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) measurements and analysis in this study extend to the micrometer scale, which makes it possible to characterize the interaction between the micelles. Until now, SAS studies have generally excluded a consideration of the interparticle interactions between casein micelles. This is inconsistent with these new data, and it is not possible to model the data without some interparticle attraction. If the micelles are treated as sticky spheres, excellent agreement between experimental data and model fits can be obtained over the length scales studied, from micrometers to ångströms. The stickiness of casein micelles will impact ultra-small-angle scattering and small-angle scattering measurements of casein micelles, but it particularly limits the application of simple approximations, which generally assume that particles are dilute and noninteracting. In summary, this analysis provides an approach to modelling scattering data over many orders of magnitude, which will provide better understanding of interactions between caseins and during food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N Smith
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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12
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Singh R, Hemar Y, Gilbert EP, Wu Z, Yang Z. Effect of genipin cross-linking on the structural features of skim milk in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Lazzaro F, Bouchoux A, Raynes J, Williams R, Ong L, Hanssen E, Lechevalier V, Pezennec S, Cho HJ, Logan A, Gras S, Gaucheron F. Tailoring the structure of casein micelles through a multifactorial approach to manipulate rennet coagulation properties. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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15
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Le Floch-Fouéré C, Lanotte L, Jeantet R, Pauchard L. The solute mechanical properties impact on the drying of dairy and model colloidal systems. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:6190-6199. [PMID: 31328216 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00373h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The evaporation of colloidal solutions is frequently observed in nature and in everyday life. The investigation of the mechanisms taking place during the desiccation of biological fluids is currently a scientific challenge with potential biomedical and industrial applications. In the last few decades, seminal works have been performed mostly on dried droplets of saliva, urine and plasma. However, the full understanding of the drying process in biocolloids is far from being achieved and, notably, the impact of solute properties on the morphological characteristics of the evaporating droplets, such as colloid segregation, skin formation and crack pattern development, is still to be elucidated. For this purpose, the use of model colloidal solutions, whose rheological behavior is more easily deducible, could represent a significant boost. In this work, we compare the drying of droplets of whey proteins and casein micelles, the two main milk protein classes, to that of dispersions of silica particles and polymer-coated silica particles, respectively. The mechanical behavior of such biological colloids and model silica dispersions was investigated through the analysis of crack formation, and the measurements of their mechanical properties using indentation testing. The study reveals numerous analogies between dairy and the corresponding model systems, thus confirming the latter as a plausible powerful tool to highlight the signature of the matter at the molecular scale during the drying process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Lanotte
- Laboratoire STLO, UMR1253, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Romain Jeantet
- Laboratoire STLO, UMR1253, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Ludovic Pauchard
- Laboratoire FAST, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
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16
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Silva NN, Casanova F, Pinto MDS, Carvalho AFD, Gaucheron F. Micelas de caseína: dos monômeros à estrutura supramolecular. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.18518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Resumo A importância primária das micelas de caseína reside no fato de que os processos empregados na transformação do leite em quaisquer de seus derivados dependem, direta ou indiretamente, de sua estabilidade ou de sua desestabilização controlada. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar uma revisão atualizada sobre a organização estrutural das micelas de caseína. Em termos físico-químicos, as micelas de caseína podem ser definidas como agregados supramoleculares esféricos e porosos, altamente hidratados, carregados negativamente, com diâmetro médio de 200 nm, e que apresentam aproximadamente 104 cadeias polipeptídicas. Além de água, as micelas são constituídas por quatro tipos de caseínas, chamadas de αS1, αS2, β, e κ-caseínas, que estão unidas por meio de interações hidrofóbicas e eletrostáticas, e pela presença de minerais, sobretudo sais de fosfato de cálcio, os quais são os principais responsáveis pela manutenção da estrutura micelar. A estabilidade das micelas de caseína é atribuída à presença de uma camada externa difusa, formada basicamente por κ-caseína. Apesar de as propriedades coloidais das micelas de caseína serem conhecidas, ainda não há consenso sobre como as moléculas de caseína estão estruturadas em seu interior. Portanto, os principais modelos que descrevem a organização interna das micelas de caseína são apresentados na parte final do artigo.
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17
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Lanotte L, Boissel F, Schuck P, Jeantet R, Le Floch-Fouéré C. Drying-induced mechanisms of skin formation in mixtures of high protein dairy powders. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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18
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Ingham B, Kirby N, Wang C, Brady M, Carr A. Elemental fingerprinting of mineral species in iron-fortified milk: anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering and resonant soft X-ray scattering studies. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:1106-1112. [PMID: 29979171 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518007774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS) and resonant soft X-ray scattering (RSoXS) are two related techniques that can enable element-specific structural information to be obtained. The development of iron-fortified milk products can greatly benefit from such techniques, allowing the structure of iron and other minerals (such as native calcium) within the casein micelle to be determined. Each method has advantages and disadvantages: for ASAXS, the sample preparation is straightforward, but the signal is relatively low and information about the structure of Ca is difficult to access. RSoXS can be used to study both Ca and Fe, and the element-specific signals observed are proportionally much higher; however, the measurements are challenging due to the difficulty of precise control of the solution thickness using currently available vacuum-compatible liquid cells. Nevertheless, complementary results from both techniques indicate Fe is co-located with Ca, i.e. within the colloidal calcium phosphate nanoclusters that are present within native casein micelles in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Ingham
- Callaghan Innovation, PO Box 31-310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | - Nigel Kirby
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Cheng Wang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mike Brady
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alistair Carr
- School of Food and Nutrition, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Somiya M, Yoshioka Y, Ochiya T. Biocompatibility of highly purified bovine milk-derived extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2018; 7:1440132. [PMID: 29511463 PMCID: PMC5827637 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2018.1440132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) deliver biologically active cargos from donor cells to recipient cells for intercellular communication. Since the existence of RNA cargo was discovered, EVs have been considered to be useful drug-delivery systems. Specifically, EVs from bovine milk (mEV) are one of the most promising platforms, since bovine milk is a scalable source of EVs for mass production. However, it is still difficult to isolate pure EVs from bovine milk owing to the complexity of raw materials. Furthermore, the biocompatibility and immunotoxicity of mEVs are still unclear. In this study, we developed a new method for isolating bovine milk-derived EVs by employing acid treatment and ultracentrifugation. Isolated mEVs are spherical in shape, measure 120 nm in diameter and contain typical EV marker proteins, such as tetraspanins. Compared with the previously reported method, our method can isolate purer mEVs. When mEVs are contacted with the mouse macrophage cell line Raw264.7, mEVs are readily taken up by the cells without a cytotoxic effect, suggesting that mEVs can deliver the cargo molecules into cells. While systemic administration of mEVs into mice resulted in the absence of systemic toxicity, certain types of cytokines were slightly induced. No anaphylaxis effect was observed after serial administration of mEVs in mice. Thus, mEVs isolated using our method are well tolerated in vivo and may be useful for the drug-delivery application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Somiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshioka
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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Xiong X, Huang X, Wolf B. A versatile viscometric method for the study of dissolved proteins, exemplified for casein micelles in ammoniacal solutions. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Nguyen BT, Chassenieux C, Nicolai T, Schmitt C. Effect of the pH and NaCl on the microstructure and rheology of mixtures of whey protein isolate and casein micelles upon heating. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Bahri A, Martin M, Gergely C, Pugnière M, Chevalier-Lucia D, Marchesseau S. Atomic Force Microscopy Study of the Topography and Nanomechanics of Casein Micelles Captured by an Antibody. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:4720-4728. [PMID: 28481103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Casein micelles (CMs) are colloidal phospho-protein-mineral complexes naturally present in milk. This study used atomic force microscopy (AFM) in a liquid environment to evaluate the topography and nanomechanics of single native CMs immobilized by a novel capture method. The proposed immobilization method involves weak interactions with the antiphospho-Ser/Thr/Tyr monoclonal antibody covalently bound to a carboxylic acid self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on a gold surface. This capture strategy was compared to the commonly used covalent immobilization method of CMs via carbodiimide chemistry. With this conventional method, CMs remained mainly mobile during AFM measurements in liquid, disturbing the evaluation of their average size and elastic properties. Conversely, when captured by the specific antibody, they were successfully immobilized and their integrity was preserved during the AFM measurement. The characterization of both CM topography and elastic properties was carried out in a liquid ionic environment at native pH 6.6. The CMs' capture efficiency via antibody was concurrently proved by surface plasmon resonance. The calculation of casein micelles' width, height, and contact angle was carried out from the recorded 2D AFM images. CMs were characterized by a mean width of 148 ± 8 nm and a mean height of 42 ± 1 nm. Weak forces were applied to single captured CMs. The obtained force versus indentation curves were fitted using the Hertz model in order to evaluate their elastic properties. The elasticity distribution of native CMs exhibited a unimodal trend with a peak centered at 269 ± 14 kPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Bahri
- Université de Montpellier , UMR IATE, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Marta Martin
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier , UMR 5221-CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Csilla Gergely
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier , UMR 5221-CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Martine Pugnière
- IRCM-CRLC Val d'Aurelle - INSERM U896, F-34298 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | - Sylvie Marchesseau
- Université de Montpellier , UMR IATE, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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23
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Narayanan T, Wacklin H, Konovalov O, Lund R. Recent applications of synchrotron radiation and neutrons in the study of soft matter. CRYSTALLOGR REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/0889311x.2016.1277212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna Wacklin
- European Spallation Source ERIC, Lund, Sweden
- Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Reidar Lund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
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24
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Sekine Y, Endo H, Iwase H, Takeda S, Mukai SA, Fukazawa H, Littrell KC, Sasaki Y, Akiyoshi K. Nanoscopic Structural Investigation of Physically Cross-Linked Nanogels Formed from Self-Associating Polymers. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:11996-12002. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b06795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yurina Sekine
- Materials Sciences
Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata-Shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Endo
- Neutron Science
Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
- Department
of Materials Structure Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwase
- Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Shigeo Takeda
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Sada-atsu Mukai
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- ERATO
Bio-Nanotransporter
Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto University, Kastura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukazawa
- Materials Sciences
Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata-Shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Kenneth C. Littrell
- Neutron
Science Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6393, United States
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- ERATO
Bio-Nanotransporter
Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto University, Kastura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- ERATO
Bio-Nanotransporter
Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto University, Kastura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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25
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Heat-induced gelation of casein micelles in aqueous suspensions at different pH. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 146:801-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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27
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Ingham B, Smialowska A, Erlangga GD, Matia-Merino L, Kirby NM, Wang C, Haverkamp RG, Carr AJ. Revisiting the interpretation of casein micelle SAXS data. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:6937-53. [PMID: 27491477 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01091a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
An in-depth, critical review of model-dependent fitting of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data of bovine skim milk has led us to develop a new mathematical model for interpreting these data. Calcium-edge resonant soft X-ray scattering data provides unequivocal evidence as to the shape and location of the scattering due to colloidal calcium phosphate, which is manifested as a correlation peak centred at q = 0.035 Å(-1). In SAXS data this feature is seldom seen, although most literature studies attribute another feature centred at q = 0.08-0.1 Å(-1) to CCP. This work shows that the major SAXS features are due to protein arrangements: the casein micelle itself; internal regions approximately 20 nm in size, separated by water channels; and protein structures which are inhomogeneous on a 1-3 nm length scale. The assignment of these features is consistent with their behaviour under various conditions, including hydration time after reconstitution, addition of EDTA (a Ca-chelating agent), addition of urea, and reduction of pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ingham
- Callaghan Innovation, P.O. Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand.
| | - A Smialowska
- School of Food and Nutrition, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - G D Erlangga
- School of Food and Nutrition, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - L Matia-Merino
- School of Food and Nutrition, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - N M Kirby
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - C Wang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - R G Haverkamp
- School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - A J Carr
- School of Food and Nutrition, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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28
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Banc A, Charbonneau C, Dahesh M, Appavou MS, Fu Z, Morel MH, Ramos L. Small angle neutron scattering contrast variation reveals heterogeneities of interactions in protein gels. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:5340-5352. [PMID: 27198847 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00710d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We propose a quantitative approach to probe the spatial heterogeneities of interactions in macromolecular gels, based on a combination of small angle X-ray (SAXS) and neutrons (SANS) scattering. We investigate the structure of model gluten protein gels and show that the gels display radically different SAXS and SANS profiles when the solvent is (at least partially) deuterated. The detailed analysis of the SANS signal as a function of the solvent deuteration demonstrates heterogeneities of sample deuteration at different length scales. The progressive exchange between the protons (H) of the proteins and the deuteriums (D) of the solvent is inhomogeneous and 60 nm large zones that are enriched in H are evidenced. In addition, at low protein concentration, in the sol state, solvent deuteration induces a liquid/liquid phase separation. Complementary biochemical and structure analyses show that the denser protein phase is more protonated and specifically enriched in glutenin, the polymeric fraction of gluten proteins. These findings suggest that the presence of H-rich zones in gluten gels would arise from the preferential interaction of glutenin polymers through a tight network of non-exchangeable intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Banc
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France.
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