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Kandekar U, Pujari R, Munot N, Chorge T, Lone K, Kamble P, Kishanchand K. Nanosponges- Versatile Platform as Drug Carrier. RECENT PATENTS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 17:91-103. [PMID: 36748244 DOI: 10.2174/1872210516666220905092202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, nano-drug delivery systems have become an integral part of the most novel drug delivery systems and have gained considerable importance owing to various advantages such as carriers for poorly soluble drugs, targeting molecules at the desired site, protection from degradation etc. Objective: One of the most studied areas of nanotechnology is nanosponges. The objective of this review was to extensively summarize the various strategies for the preparation, characterization and applications of nanosponges. METHODS In the current mini-review, we conducted a systemic search of the literature and patent inventions focusing on nanosponges. The summary of the search was inclusive of various aspects of nanosponges, such as drug characteristics to be considered while incorporating in nanosponges, other crucial additives during formulation of nanosponges, methods of preparation, characterization and applications of nanosponges in pharmaceuticals. RESULTS Nanosponges are nanocarriers for both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs. These are prepared by different methods such as emulsion-solvent evaporation, solvent method, melting method, ultrasound assisted method etc., and all these methods were less time consuming, more economical and evaluated by sophisticated techniques available for routine analysis. These are among the most feasible alternative to address several formulation difficulties associated with the physicochemical properties of the drug. The porous nature and small particle size are vital properties of the nanosponges that contribute crucially to correcting the drawbacks of the drug. The properties of the nanosponges can be enhanced when combined with cyclodextrins. Extensive research work has been carried out in past to explore cyclodextrin based nanosponges. Besides, it is also used for smart targeting of tumors and for drug release in a sustainable pattern. Nanosponges can be prepared by simple methods. These can be tuned to release the drug by different routes so as to achieve the maximum benefits of the drug. CONCLUSION Huge amount of research has been carried out on nanosponges as drug carrier. The method of preparation and characterization of nanosponges are quite economical and routinely available. Owing to potential benefits and probable applications, these can be used as efficient carriers for certain drugs. The authors expect that the current review will guide the investigation of the nanosponges as nanodrug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwala Kandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSPMS Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy and Research, Tathwade, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India
| | - Rohini Pujari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Kothrud, Pune, Maharashtra, 411038, India
| | - Neha Munot
- Technical lead, HCL Technologies, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600119, India
| | - Trushal Chorge
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSPMs Charak College of Pharmacy Wagholi, Pune, Maharashtra, 412207, India
| | - Krishnakumar Lone
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSPMS Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy and Research, Tathwade, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India
| | - Pallavi Kamble
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shardabai Pawar Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Sharadanagar, Nira Road, Baramati, Maharashtra, 413115, India
| | - Khandelwal Kishanchand
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSPMS Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy and Research, Tathwade, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India
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Nazerdeylami S, Ghasemi JB, Mohammadi Ziarani G, Amiri A, Badiei A. Direct monitoring of diclofenac using a supramolecular fluorescent approach based on β-cyclodextrin nanosponge. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Liu Z, Ye L, Xi J, Wang J, Feng ZG. Cyclodextrin polymers: Structure, synthesis, and use as drug carriers. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Preparation and characterization of cyclodextrin nanosponges for organic toxic molecule removal. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119485. [PMID: 32497732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges (CD-NS) are considered as safe and biocompatible systems for removing toxic molecules from the body. Rapid removal of toxic molecules that are formed in the body from certain food constituents, is relevant especially for patients affected by chronic kidney disease. Within the scope of this study, innovative cyclodextrin polymers were synthesized to form nanosponges able to remove indole, before it could form the toxic indoxyl sulfate in the body. Furthermore, in vivo studies were carried out using the two optimal CD-NS formulations by assessing physicochemical properties, stability, indole adsorption capacity and in vitro cytotoxicity. NS prepared from β-cyclodextrin cross-linked with toluene diisocyanate was found to be the most effective NS with an in vitro indole adsorption capacity of over 90%. In addition, this derivative was more stable in gastrointestinal media. Animal studies further revealed that oral CD-NSs did not tend to accumulate and damage gastrointestinal tissues and are excreted from the GI tract with minimal absorption. In conclusion, this study suggests that CD-NS formulations are effective and safe in removing toxic molecules from the body. Their potential use in veterinary or human medicine could reduce dialysis frequency and avoid hepatic and cardiac toxicity avoiding the indole formation.
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Mortezazadeh T, Gholibegloo E, Khoobi M, Alam NR, Haghgoo S, Mesbahi A. In vitro and in vivo characteristics of doxorubicin-loaded cyclodextrine-based polyester modified gadolinium oxide nanoparticles: a versatile targeted theranostic system for tumour chemotherapy and molecular resonance imaging. J Drug Target 2019; 28:533-546. [PMID: 31842616 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1703188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
β-Cyclodextrine-based polyester was coated on the surface of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and then functionalised with folic acid to produce an efficient pH-sensitive targeted theranostic system (Gd2O3@PCD-FA) for doxorubicin delivery and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Gd2O3@PCD-FA was fully characterised by FTIR, vibrating sample magnetometer, TGA, XRD, SEM and TEM analyses. The dissolution profile of DOX showed a pH sensitive release. No significant toxicity was observed for the targeted NPs (Gd2O3@PCD-FA) and DOX-loaded NPs inhibiting M109 cells viability more efficiently than free DOX. Moreover, the negligible hemolytic activity of the targeted NPs showed their appropriate hemocompatibility. The preferential uptake was observed for the developed Gd2O3@PCD-FA-DOX NPs in comparison with Dotarem using T1- and T2-weighted MRI in the presence of folate receptor-positive and folate receptor-negative cancer cells (M109 and 4T1, respectively). Furthermore, in vivo studies revealed that Gd2O3@PCD-FA-DOX not only exhibited considerably relaxivity performance as a contrast agent for MRI, but also improved in vivo anti-tumour efficacy of the system. The results suggest that Gd2O3@PCD-FA-DOX improves its therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of solid tumours and also reduces the adverse effects, so it could be proposed as a promising drug delivery system for chemotherapy and molecular imaging diagnosis in MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohid Mortezazadeh
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Gholibegloo
- Biomaterials Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Biomaterials Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Riyahi Alam
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Haghgoo
- Pharmaceutical Department, Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Organization (FDO), Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Mesbahi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Gholibegloo E, Mortezazadeh T, Salehian F, Forootanfar H, Firoozpour L, Foroumadi A, Ramazani A, Khoobi M. Folic acid decorated magnetic nanosponge: An efficient nanosystem for targeted curcumin delivery and magnetic resonance imaging. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 556:128-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Gholibegloo E, Mortezazadeh T, Salehian F, Ramazani A, Amanlou M, Khoobi M. Improved curcumin loading, release, solubility and toxicity by tuning the molar ratio of cross-linker to β-cyclodextrin. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 213:70-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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8
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Venuti V, Corsaro C, Stancanelli R, Paciaroni A, Crupi V, Tommasini S, Ventura CA, Majolino D. Analysis of the thermal fluctuations in inclusion complexes of genistein with β-cyclodextrin derivatives. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Raeisi A, Faghihi K, Shabanian M. Designed biocompatible nano-inhibitor based on poly(β-cyclodextrin-ester) for reduction of the DEHP migration from plasticized PVC. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:858-868. [PMID: 28821141 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The easy migration of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) from the plasticized PVC (P-PVC) poses a serious threat to human health and the ecosystems. Thus, its control migration from the P-PVC products is very important. In this work, a poly(β-cyclodextrin-ester) network (β-CDP) was synthesized via reaction of β-cyclodextrin with 3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride. As a potential inhibitor for reduction of the DEHP migration, the β-CDP was grafted to Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Poly(β-cyclodextrin-ester) functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNP-CDP) has been used in PVC/DEHP system as a reactive nano-inhibitor to reduce DEHP migration. Thermal stability and mechanical properties of obtained films were investigated. DEHP migration tests of the P-PVC films were also carried out by using Gas chromatography. It was found that by incorporating the small amounts of nano-inhibitor in PVC/DEHP system, the migration of DEHP effectively reduced from the P-PVC samples about 65% without any serious changes in mechanical and thermal properties of the P-PVC films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Raeisi
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak University, 38156-8-8349, Arak, Iran; Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Khalil Faghihi
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak University, 38156-8-8349, Arak, Iran; Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
| | - Meisam Shabanian
- Faculty of Chemistry and Petrochemical Engineering, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, P.O. Box 31745-139, Iran
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Choi JM, Jeong D, Cho E, Yu JH, Tahir MN, Jung S. Pentynyl Ether of β-Cyclodextrin Polymer and Silica Micro-Particles: A New Hybrid Material for Adsorption of Phenanthrene from Water. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9010010. [PMID: 30970689 PMCID: PMC6432442 DOI: 10.3390/polym9010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A new hybrid material for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from water was prepared by the polymerization of pentynyl beta-cyclodextrin (PyβCD) and silica micro-particles (SMP). Phenanthrene, being one of the important members of the PAH family and a potential risk for environmental pollution, was selected for this study. Results show that phenanthrene removal efficiency of the SMP was improved significantly after hybridization with PyβCD-polymer. Approximately 50% of the phenanthrene was removed in the first 60 min and more than 95% was removed in less than 7 h when 25 mL of the 2 ppm aqueous phenanthrene solution was incubated with the 100 mg of SMP-PyβCD-polymer material. Infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis show that the enhanced efficiency of the SMP-PyβCD-polymer compared to the unmodified SMP was due to the formation of the inclusion complexation of phenanthrene with the PyβCD. These results indicate that SMP-PyβCD polymers have a potential to be applied as molecular filters in water purification systems and also for waste water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Min Choi
- Center for Biotechnology Research in UBITA (CBRU), Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications (UBITA), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Daham Jeong
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Microbial Carbohydrate Resource Bank (MCRB) & Center for Biotechnology Research in UBITA (CBRU), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Eunae Cho
- Center for Biotechnology Research in UBITA (CBRU), Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications (UBITA), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Jae-Hyuk Yu
- Department of Bacteriology, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Muhammad Nazir Tahir
- Nanoqam, Department of Chemistry, University of Quebec at Montreal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Seunho Jung
- Center for Biotechnology Research in UBITA (CBRU), Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications (UBITA), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Microbial Carbohydrate Resource Bank (MCRB) & Center for Biotechnology Research in UBITA (CBRU), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Rossi B, Paciaroni A, Venuti V, Fadda GC, Melone L, Punta C, Crupi V, Majolino D, Mele A. SANS investigation of water adsorption in tunable cyclodextrin-based polymeric hydrogels. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:6022-6029. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00331e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative law for the hydration-dependence of pore size in cyclodextrin-based hydrogels is provided by SANS experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Rossi
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste
- 34149 Trieste
- Italy
- Department of Physics University of Trento
- 38123 Povo
| | - A. Paciaroni
- Department of Physics
- University of Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
| | - V. Venuti
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences
- University of Messina
- 98166 Messina
- Italy
| | - G. C. Fadda
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (CEA/CNRS)
- CEA Saclay
- 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex
- France
| | - L. Melone
- Department of Chemistry
- Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano
- Piazza L. da Vinci 32
- Italy
| | - C. Punta
- Department of Chemistry
- Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano
- Piazza L. da Vinci 32
- Italy
| | - V. Crupi
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences
- University of Messina
- 98166 Messina
- Italy
| | - D. Majolino
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences
- University of Messina
- 98166 Messina
- Italy
| | - A. Mele
- Department of Chemistry
- Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano
- Piazza L. da Vinci 32
- Italy
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Swaminathan S, Cavalli R, Trotta F. Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges: a versatile platform for cancer nanotherapeutics development. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 8:579-601. [PMID: 26800431 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanosponges (NSs) are a new age branched cyclodextrin (CD) polymeric systems exhibiting tremendous potential in pharmaceutical, agro science, and biomedical applications. Over the past decade, different varieties of NS based on the type of CD and the crosslinker have been developed tailored for specific applications. NS technology has been instrumental in achieving solubilization, stabilization, sustained release, enhancement of activity, permeability enhancement, protein delivery, ocular delivery, stimuli sensitive drug release, enhancement of bioavailability, etc. There is a major explosion of research in the area of NS-aided cancer therapeutics. A wide of anticancer molecules both from a pharmacological and physicochemical perspective have been developed as NS formulations by several groups including ours. Our objective in this review is to capture a systematic and comprehensive snapshot of the state-of-the-art of NS-aided cancer therapeutics reported so far. This review will provide an ideal platform for both the formulation scientists working on new polymeric/drug development and cancer biologists/scientists to understand the current nanotechnologies in CD-based NS-aided cancer therapeutics. The scope of the review is limited to small molecules and CD-based NS. The review covers in detail the problems associated with anticancer small molecules, and the solution provided by CD-based NS specifically for camptothecin, curcumin, paclitaxel, tamoxifen, resveratrol, quercetin, oxygen-NS, temozolomide, doxorubicin, and 5-Fluorouracil. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:579-601. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1384 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Swaminathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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Rossi B, Venuti V, Mele A, Punta C, Melone L, D'Amico F, Gessini A, Crupi V, Majolino D, Trotta F, Masciovecchio C. Vibrational signatures of the water behaviour upon confinement in nanoporous hydrogels. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:12252-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07936e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vibrational spectroscopy is used to investigate how the hydrogen-bond dynamics of water is influenced by nano-confinement and hydrophobic/hydrophilic solvation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Rossi
- Elettra – Sincrotrone Trieste
- 34149 Trieste
- Italy
- Department of Physics University of Trento and INSTM Local Unit
- Trento
| | - V. Venuti
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences
- University of Messina
- 98166 Messina
- Italy
| | - A. Mele
- Department of Chemistry
- Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano and INSTM local unit
- Milano
- Italy
| | - C. Punta
- Department of Chemistry
- Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano and INSTM local unit
- Milano
- Italy
| | - L. Melone
- Department of Chemistry
- Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano and INSTM local unit
- Milano
- Italy
| | - F. D'Amico
- Elettra – Sincrotrone Trieste
- 34149 Trieste
- Italy
| | - A. Gessini
- Elettra – Sincrotrone Trieste
- 34149 Trieste
- Italy
| | - V. Crupi
- Department of Physics University of Trento and INSTM Local Unit
- Trento
- Italy
| | - D. Majolino
- Department of Physics University of Trento and INSTM Local Unit
- Trento
- Italy
| | - F. Trotta
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Torino
- 10125 Torino
- Italy
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Rossi B, Venuti V, D'Amico F, Gessini A, Mele A, Punta C, Melone L, Crupi V, Majolino D, Trotta F, Masciovecchio C. Toward an understanding of the thermosensitive behaviour of pH-responsive hydrogels based on cyclodextrins. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:5862-5871. [PMID: 26107102 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01093d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism responsible for the thermosensitive behaviour exhibited by pH-responsive cyclodextrin-based hydrogels is explored here with the twofold aim of clarifying some basic aspects of H-bond interactions in hydrogel phases and contributing to a future engineering of cyclodextrin hydrogels for targeted delivery and release of bioactive agents. The degree of H-bond association of water molecules entrapped in the gel network and the extent of intermolecular interactions involving the hydrophobic/hydrophilic moieties of the polymer matrix are probed by UV Raman and IR experiments, in order to address the question of how these different and complementary aspects combine to determine the pH-dependent thermal activation exhibited by these hydrogels. Complementary vibrational spectroscopies are conveniently employed in this study with the aim of safely disentangling the spectral response arising from the two main components of the hydrogel systems, i.e. the polymer matrix and water solvent. The experimental evidence suggests that the dominant effects in the mechanism of solvation of cyclodextrin-based hydrogels are due to the changes occurring, upon increasing of temperature, in the hydrophobicity character of specific chemical moieties of the polymer, as triggered by pH variations. The achievements of this work corroborate the potentiality of the UV Raman scattering technique, in combination with more conventional IR experiments, to provide a "molecular view" of complex macroscopic phenomena exhibited in hydrogel phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Rossi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
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