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Velcrand Functionalized Polyethylene. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050902. [PMID: 30841484 PMCID: PMC6429461 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Velcrands are a specific class of cavitands whose complementary surfaces induce self-dimerization. The insertion of a velcrand as physical cross-linking unit into a polymer is reported. To this purpose, the velcrand was functionalized at the lower rim with an isocyanate group. The functional velcrand was reacted with poly (ethylene-co-(2-hydroxethylmethacrylate)) (PE-HEMA), a polymer equipped with free hydroxyl groups suitable for reaction with the isocyanate group. The obtained functionalized polymer was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proving the introduction of velcraplexes in the polymer. Films with varying amounts of velcrands were obtained by solution casting and slow evaporation, testifying the processability of the functionalized polymers. The obtained films were used to measure the oxygen barrier properties of the functionalized material.
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Fluorinated Tetraphosphonate Cavitands. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102670. [PMID: 30336589 PMCID: PMC6222714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two synthetic protocols for the introduction of fluorine atoms into resorcinarene-based cavitands, at the lower and upper rim, respectively, are reported. Cavitand 1, bearing four fluorocarbon tails, and cavitand 2, which presents a fluorine atom on the para position of a diester phosphonate phenyl substituent, were synthesized and their complexation abilities toward the model guest sarcosine methyl ester hydrochloride were evaluated via NMR titration experiments. The effect of complexation on the 19F NMR resonance of the probe is evident only in the case of cavitand 2, where the inset of the cation-dipole and H-bonding interactions between the P=O bridges and the guest is reflected in a sizable downfield shift of the fluorine probe.
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Perez L, Caulkins BG, Mettry M, Mueller LJ, Hooley RJ. Lipid bilayer environments control exchange kinetics of deep cavitand hosts and enhance disfavored guest conformations. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1836-1845. [PMID: 29675229 PMCID: PMC5890788 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05155g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects on the molecular recognition properties of water-soluble deep cavitand hosts upon embedding them in phosphocholine lipid bilayer environments have been studied by 2D NMR experiments. By employing suitable guests containing 19F or 13C nuclei that can be encapsulated inside the host, 2D EXSY NMR experiments can be used to analyze and compare the in/out guest exchange rates in aqueous solution, isotropically tumbling micelles, or magnetically ordered bicelles. These analyses show that embedding the deep cavitands in lipid bilayers slows the guest exchange rate, due to the lipids acting as a "compression sleeve" around the host, restricting guest egress. This effect also enhances guest conformations in the host that are not observed in free solution, such as axial cyclohexane conformers and ketone hydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth Perez
- Department of Chemistry , University of California - Riverside , Riverside , CA 92521 , USA .
| | - Bethany G Caulkins
- Department of Chemistry , University of California - Riverside , Riverside , CA 92521 , USA .
| | - Magi Mettry
- Department of Chemistry , University of California - Riverside , Riverside , CA 92521 , USA .
| | - Leonard J Mueller
- Department of Chemistry , University of California - Riverside , Riverside , CA 92521 , USA .
| | - Richard J Hooley
- Department of Chemistry , University of California - Riverside , Riverside , CA 92521 , USA .
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Hinman SS, McKeating KS, Cheng Q. Surface Plasmon Resonance: Material and Interface Design for Universal Accessibility. Anal Chem 2018; 90:19-39. [PMID: 29053253 PMCID: PMC6041476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. Hinman
- Environmental Toxicology, University of California–Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Kristy S. McKeating
- Department of Chemistry, University of California–Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Quan Cheng
- Environmental Toxicology, University of California–Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California–Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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Perez L, Mettry M, Hinman SS, Byers SR, McKeating KS, Caulkins BG, Cheng Q, Hooley RJ. Selective protein recognition in supported lipid bilayer arrays by tailored, dual-mode deep cavitand hosts. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:3966-3974. [PMID: 28512660 PMCID: PMC6041475 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00192d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-folding deep cavitands with variably functionalized upper rims are able to selectively immobilize proteins at a biomimetic supported lipid bilayer surface. The immobilization process takes advantage of the dual-mode binding capabilities of the hosts, combining a defined binding pocket with upper rim charged/H-bonding groups. A variety of proteins can be selectively immobilized at the bilayer interface, either via complementary charge/H-bonding interactions, cavity-based molecular recognition, or a combination of both. The immobilization process can be used to bind unmodified native proteins, epitopes for bioadhesion, or proteins covalently modified with suitable RNMe3+ binding "handles" and charged groups that can either match or mismatch with the cavitand rim. The immobilization process can be monitored in real time using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy, and applied to the construction of cavitand:lipid arrays using the hosts and trehalose vitrified phospholipid vesicles. The selective, dual-mode protein recognition is maintained in the arrays, and can be visualized using SPR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth Perez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Liu Y, Perez L, Mettry M, Gill AD, Byers SR, Easley CJ, Bardeen CJ, Zhong W, Hooley RJ. Site selective reading of epigenetic markers by a dual-mode synthetic receptor array. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3960-3970. [PMID: 28553538 PMCID: PMC5433514 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00865a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Variably functionalized self-folding deep cavitands form an arrayed, fluorescent indicator displacement assay system for the detection of post-translationally modified (PTM) histone peptides. The hosts bind trimethyllysine (KMe3) groups, and use secondary upper rim interactions to provide more sensitive discrimination between targets with identical KMe3 binding handles. The sensor array uses multiple different recognition modes to distinguish between miniscule differences in target, such as identical lysine modifications at different sites of histone peptides. In addition, the sensor is affected by global changes in structure, so it is capable of discriminating between identical PTMs, at identical positions on amino acid fragments that vary only in peptide backbone length, and can be applied to detect non-methylation modifications such as acetylation and phosphorylations located multiple residues away from the targeted binding site. The synergistic application of multiple variables allows dual-mode deep cavitands to approach levels of recognition selectivity usually only seen with antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Environmental Toxicology Program , University of California - Riverside , Riverside , CA 92521 , USA
| | - Lizeth Perez
- Department of Chemistry , University of California - Riverside , Riverside , CA 92521 , USA . ;
| | - Magi Mettry
- Department of Chemistry , University of California - Riverside , Riverside , CA 92521 , USA . ;
| | - Adam D Gill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of California - Riverside , Riverside , CA 92521 , USA
| | - Samantha R Byers
- Department of Chemistry , University of California - Riverside , Riverside , CA 92521 , USA . ;
| | - Connor J Easley
- Department of Chemistry , University of California - Riverside , Riverside , CA 92521 , USA . ;
| | - Christopher J Bardeen
- Department of Chemistry , University of California - Riverside , Riverside , CA 92521 , USA . ;
| | - Wenwan Zhong
- Department of Chemistry , University of California - Riverside , Riverside , CA 92521 , USA . ;
- Environmental Toxicology Program , University of California - Riverside , Riverside , CA 92521 , USA
| | - Richard J Hooley
- Department of Chemistry , University of California - Riverside , Riverside , CA 92521 , USA . ;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of California - Riverside , Riverside , CA 92521 , USA
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Liu Y, Perez L, Mettry M, Easley CJ, Hooley RJ, Zhong W. Self-Aggregating Deep Cavitand Acts as a Fluorescence Displacement Sensor for Lysine Methylation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:10746-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Environmental Toxicology Program, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Lizeth Perez
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Environmental Toxicology Program, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Magi Mettry
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Environmental Toxicology Program, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Connor J. Easley
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Environmental Toxicology Program, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Richard J. Hooley
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Environmental Toxicology Program, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Wenwan Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Environmental Toxicology Program, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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Perez L, Ghang YJ, Williams PB, Wang Y, Cheng Q, Hooley RJ. Cell and Protein Recognition at a Supported Bilayer Interface via In Situ Cavitand-Mediated Functional Polymer Growth. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:11152-7. [PMID: 26436343 PMCID: PMC4706080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble deep cavitands embedded in a supported lipid bilayer are capable of anchoring ATRP initiator molecules for the in situ synthesis of primary amine-containing polymethacrylate patches at the water:membrane interface. These polymers can be derivatized in situ to incorporate fluorescent reporters, allow selective protein recognition, and can be applied to the immobilization of nonadherent cells at the bilayer interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth Perez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yoo-Jin Ghang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Preston B. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Richard J. Hooley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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