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Chaudhary V, Taha BA, Lucky, Rustagi S, Khosla A, Papakonstantinou P, Bhalla N. Nose-on-Chip Nanobiosensors for Early Detection of Lung Cancer Breath Biomarkers. ACS Sens 2024; 9:4469-4494. [PMID: 39248694 PMCID: PMC11443536 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c01524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains a global health concern, demanding the development of noninvasive, prompt, selective, and point-of-care diagnostic tools. Correspondingly, breath analysis using nanobiosensors has emerged as a promising noninvasive nose-on-chip technique for the early detection of lung cancer through monitoring diversified biomarkers such as volatile organic compounds/gases in exhaled breath. This comprehensive review summarizes the state-of-the-art breath-based lung cancer diagnosis employing chemiresistive-module nanobiosensors supported by theoretical findings. It unveils the fundamental mechanisms and biological basis of breath biomarker generation associated with lung cancer, technological advancements, and clinical implementation of nanobiosensor-based breath analysis. It explores the merits, challenges, and potential alternate solutions in implementing these nanobiosensors in clinical settings, including standardization, biocompatibility/toxicity analysis, green and sustainable technologies, life-cycle assessment, and scheming regulatory modalities. It highlights nanobiosensors' role in facilitating precise, real-time, and on-site detection of lung cancer through breath analysis, leading to improved patient outcomes, enhanced clinical management, and remote personalized monitoring. Additionally, integrating these biosensors with artificial intelligence, machine learning, Internet-of-things, bioinformatics, and omics technologies is discussed, providing insights into the prospects of intelligent nose-on-chip lung cancer sniffing nanobiosensors. Overall, this review consolidates knowledge on breathomic biosensor-based lung cancer screening, shedding light on its significance and potential applications in advancing state-of-the-art medical diagnostics to reduce the burden on hospitals and save human lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Chaudhary
- Physics Department, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, 110043 Delhi, India
- Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Bakr Ahmed Taha
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Lucky
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, 110007 Delhi, India
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Ajit Khosla
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - Pagona Papakonstantinou
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, 2-24 York Street, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT15 1AP, United Kingdom
| | - Nikhil Bhalla
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, 2-24 York Street, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT15 1AP, United Kingdom
- Healthcare Technology Hub, Ulster University, 2-24 York Street, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT15 1AP, United Kingdom
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2
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Davis F, Higson SPJ. Synthetic Receptors for Early Detection and Treatment of Cancer. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:953. [PMID: 37998127 PMCID: PMC10669836 DOI: 10.3390/bios13110953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Over recent decades, synthetic macrocyclic compounds have attracted interest from the scientific community due to their ability to selectively and reversibly form complexes with a huge variety of guest moieties. These molecules have been studied within a wide range of sensing and other fields. Within this review, we will give an overview of the most common synthetic macrocyclic compounds including cyclodextrins, calixarenes, calixresorcinarenes, pillarenes and cucurbiturils. These species all display the ability to form a wide range of complexes. This makes these compounds suitable in the field of cancer detection since they can bind to either cancer cell surfaces or indeed to marker compounds for a wide variety of cancers. The formation of such complexes allows sensitive and selective detection and quantification of such guests. Many of these compounds also show potential for the detection and encapsulation of environmental carcinogens. Furthermore, many anti-cancer drugs, although effective in in vitro tests, are not suitable for use directly for cancer treatment due to low solubility, inherent instability in in vivo environments or an inability to be adsorbed by or transported to the required sites for treatment. The reversible encapsulation of these species in a macrocyclic compound can greatly improve their solubility, stability and transport to required sites where they can be released for maximum therapeutic effect. Within this review, we intend to present the use of these species both in cancer sensing and treatment. The various macrocyclic compound families will be described, along with brief descriptions of their synthesis and properties, with an outline of their use in cancer detection and usage as therapeutic agents. Their use in the sensing of environmental carcinogens as well as their potential utilisation in the clean-up of some of these species will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Séamus P. J. Higson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK;
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3
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Capman NSS, Zhen XV, Nelson JT, Chaganti VRSK, Finc RC, Lyden MJ, Williams TL, Freking M, Sherwood GJ, Bühlmann P, Hogan CJ, Koester SJ. Machine Learning-Based Rapid Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds in a Graphene Electronic Nose. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19567-19583. [PMID: 36367841 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rapid detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is growing in importance in many sectors. Noninvasive medical diagnoses may be based upon particular combinations of VOCs in human breath; detecting VOCs emitted from environmental hazards such as fungal growth could prevent illness; and waste could be reduced through monitoring of gases produced during food storage. Electronic noses have been applied to such problems, however, a common limitation is in improving selectivity. Graphene is an adaptable material that can be functionalized with many chemical receptors. Here, we use this versatility to demonstrate selective and rapid detection of multiple VOCs at varying concentrations with graphene-based variable capacitor (varactor) arrays. Each array contains 108 sensors functionalized with 36 chemical receptors for cross-selectivity. Multiplexer data acquisition from 108 sensors is accomplished in tens of seconds. While this rapid measurement reduces the signal magnitude, classification using supervised machine learning (Bootstrap Aggregated Random Forest) shows excellent results of 98% accuracy between 5 analytes (ethanol, hexanal, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, and octane) at 4 concentrations each. With the addition of 1-octene, an analyte highly similar in structure to octane, an accuracy of 89% is achieved. These results demonstrate the important role of the choice of analysis method, particularly in the presence of noisy data. This is an important step toward fully utilizing graphene-based sensor arrays for rapid gas sensing applications from environmental monitoring to disease detection in human breath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyssa S S Capman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, 200 Union Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Xue V Zhen
- Boston Scientific, 4100 Hamline Avenue North, St. Paul, Minnesota 55112, United States
| | - Justin T Nelson
- Boston Scientific, 4100 Hamline Avenue North, St. Paul, Minnesota 55112, United States
| | - V R Saran Kumar Chaganti
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, 200 Union Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Raia C Finc
- Boston Scientific, 4100 Hamline Avenue North, St. Paul, Minnesota 55112, United States
| | - Michael J Lyden
- Boston Scientific, 4100 Hamline Avenue North, St. Paul, Minnesota 55112, United States
| | - Thomas L Williams
- Boston Scientific, 4100 Hamline Avenue North, St. Paul, Minnesota 55112, United States
| | - Mike Freking
- Boston Scientific, 4100 Hamline Avenue North, St. Paul, Minnesota 55112, United States
| | - Gregory J Sherwood
- Boston Scientific, 4100 Hamline Avenue North, St. Paul, Minnesota 55112, United States
| | - Philippe Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J Hogan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Steven J Koester
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, 200 Union Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Flexible Impedimetric Electronic Nose for High-Accurate Determination of Individual Volatile Organic Compounds by Tuning the Graphene Sensitive Properties. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9120360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated functionalized graphene materials to create highly sensitive sensors for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as formaldehyde, methanol, ethanol, acetone, and isopropanol. First, we prepared VOC-sensitive films consisting of mechanically exfoliated graphene (eG) and chemical graphene oxide (GO), which have different concentrations of structural defects. We deposited the films on silver interdigitated electrodes on Kapton substrate and submitted them to thermal treatment. Next, we measured the sensitive properties of the resulting sensors towards specific VOCs by impedance spectroscopy. We obtained the eG- and GO-based electronic nose composed of two eG films- and four GO film-based sensors with variable sensitivity to individual VOCs. The smallest relative change in impedance was 5% for the sensor based on eG film annealed at 180 °C toward 10 ppm formaldehyde, whereas the highest relative change was 257% for the sensor based on two-layers deposited GO film annealed at 200 °C toward 80 ppm ethanol. At 10 ppm VOC, the GO film-based sensors were sensitive enough to distinguish between individual VOCs, which implied excellent selectivity, as confirmed by Principle Component Analysis (PCA). According to a PCA-Support Vector Machine-based signal processing method, the electronic nose provided identification accuracy of 100% for individual VOCs. The proposed electronic nose can be used to detect multiple VOCs selectively because each sensor is sensitive to VOCs and has significant cross-selectivity to others.
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5
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Chowdhury SN, Tung TT, Ta QTH, Gunture, Castro M, Feller JF, Sonkar SK, Tripathi KM. Upgrading of diesel engine exhaust waste into onion-like carbon nanoparticles for integrated degradation sensing in nano-biocomposites. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05950a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Onion-like carbon nano particles are separated from diesel engine exhaust “pollutant soot” and used in the structural health monitoring of a biocomposite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tran Thanh Tung
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide, 5005 North Terrace
- Australia
| | - Qui Thanh Hoai Ta
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University
- Danang 550000
- Vietnam
| | - Gunture
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur
- Jaipur 302017
- India
| | - M. Castro
- Smart Plastics Group
- IRDL CNRS 6027
- University of South Brittany
- Lorient
- France
| | - J. F. Feller
- Smart Plastics Group
- IRDL CNRS 6027
- University of South Brittany
- Lorient
- France
| | - Sumit Kumar Sonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur
- Jaipur 302017
- India
| | - Kumud Malika Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy
- Visakhapatnam 530003
- India
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6
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Tuning the polymer–graphene interfaces by picric acid molecules to improve the sensitivity of a prepared conductive polymer composite gas detector. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-020-00800-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Panwar N, Soehartono AM, Chan KK, Zeng S, Xu G, Qu J, Coquet P, Yong KT, Chen X. Nanocarbons for Biology and Medicine: Sensing, Imaging, and Drug Delivery. Chem Rev 2019; 119:9559-9656. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nishtha Panwar
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Alana Mauluidy Soehartono
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Kok Ken Chan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Shuwen Zeng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Gaixia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Philippe Coquet
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Singapore 637553, Singapore
- Institut d’Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), CNRS UMR 8520—Université de Lille, 59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Fernández MA, Silva OF, Vico RV, de Rossi RH. Complex systems that incorporate cyclodextrins to get materials for some specific applications. Carbohydr Res 2019; 480:12-34. [PMID: 31158527 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are a family of biodegradable cyclic hydrocarbons composed of α-(1,4) linked glucopyranose subunits, the more common containing 6, 7 or 8 glucose units are named α, β and γ-cyclodextrins respectively. Since the discovery of CDs, they have attracted interest among scientists and the first studies were about the properties of the native compounds and in particular their use as catalysts of organic reactions. Characteristics features of different types of cyclodextrins stimulated investigation in different areas of research, due to its non-toxic and non-inmunogenic properties and also to the development of an improved industrial production. In this way, many materials with important properties have been developed. This mini-review will focus on chemical systems that use cyclodextrins, whatever linked covalently or mediated by the non covalent interactions, to build complex systems developed mainly during the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba, CONICET y Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - O Fernando Silva
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba, CONICET y Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Raquel V Vico
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba, CONICET y Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rita H de Rossi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba, CONICET y Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
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9
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Fraga TJM, Carvalho MN, Ghislandi MG, Motta Sobrinho MAD. FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE-BASED MATERIALS AS INNOVATIVE ADSORBENTS OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS: A CONCISE OVERVIEW. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20190361s20180283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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A bulky aromatic functional polyimide composite as a sensitive layer for the detection of organic compound biomarkers. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-019-00691-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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11
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Gong Y, Li H, Pei W, Fan J, Umar A, Al-Assiri MS, Wang Y, Frans de Rooij N, Zhou G. Assembly with copper(ii) ions and D–π–A molecules on a graphene surface for ultra-fast acetic acid sensing at room temperature. RSC Adv 2019; 9:30432-30438. [PMID: 35530241 PMCID: PMC9073372 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05706d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The as-prepared 4HQ-rGO/Cu2+ sensor possessed a high response, outstanding selectivity and fast response-recovery characteristic, which was mainly attributed to the supramolecularly assemble of 4-hydroxyquinoline, and Cu2+ with graphene nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelei Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology
- Institute of Electronic Paper Displays
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510006
| | - Hao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology
- Institute of Electronic Paper Displays
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510006
| | - Wenle Pei
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
- P. R. China
| | - Jincheng Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology
- Institute of Electronic Paper Displays
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510006
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices
- Najran University
- Najran 11001
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M. S. Al-Assiri
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices
- Najran University
- Najran 11001
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Yao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology
- Institute of Electronic Paper Displays
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510006
| | - Nicolaas Frans de Rooij
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology
- Institute of Electronic Paper Displays
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510006
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology
- Institute of Electronic Paper Displays
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510006
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12
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Influence of Water Molecules on the Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Cancer Biomarkers by Nanocomposite Quantum Resistive Vapor Sensors vQRS. CHEMOSENSORS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors6040064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The anticipated diagnosis of various fatal diseases from the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC) biomarkers of the volatolome is the object of very dynamic research. Nanocomposite-based quantum resistive vapor sensors (vQRS) exhibit strong advantages in the detection of biomarkers, as they can operate at room temperature with low consumption and sub ppm (part per million) sensitivity. However, to meet this application they need to detect some ppm or less amounts of biomarkers in patients' breath, skin, or urine in complex blends of numerous VOC, most of the time hindered by a huge amount of water molecules. Therefore, it is crucial to analyze the effects of moisture on the chemo-resistive sensing behavior of carbon nanotubes based vQRS. We show that in the presence of water molecules, the sensors cannot detect the right amount of VOC molecules present in their environment. These perturbations of the detection mechanism are found to depend on the chemical interactions between water and other VOC molecules, but also on their competitive absorption on sensors receptive sites, located at the nanojunctions of the conductive architecture. This complex phenomenon studied with down to 12.5 ppm of acetone, ethanol, butanone, toluene, and cyclohexane mixed with 100 ppm of water was worth to investigate in the prospect of future developments of devices analysing real breath samples in which water can reach a concentration of 6%.
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13
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Hierarchical Architectures of PMMA/MWNT-NH2 Particles: a Material for Enhanced Volatile Organic Compound Sensing Performance. Macromol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-018-6114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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14
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Pinalli R, Pedrini A, Dalcanale E. Environmental Gas Sensing with Cavitands. Chemistry 2017; 24:1010-1019. [PMID: 28949043 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Environmental gas sensing needs stringent sensor requirements in terms of sensitivity, selectivity and ruggedness. One of the major issues to be addressed is combining in a single device the conflicting requirements of molecular-level selectivity and low-ppb sensitivity. The exploitation of synthetic molecular receptors as sensing materials is particularly attractive to address the selectivity issue, to single out the desired analytes in the presence of overwhelming amounts of interferents. This minireview summarizes the strategies in environmental gas and vapor sensing using molecular receptors as selective hosts for specific analytes, with the main focus on cavitands. In particular, we highlight the use of these macrocycles as selective preconcentrator units to be integrated into portable devices for environmental monitoring. Depending on the class of analytes to be detected, the molecular recognition properties of cavitands can be manipulated through the proper choice of the bridging groups at the upper rim, and their transducer integration can be implemented through the manifold functionalization options at the lower rim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Pinalli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pedrini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Dalcanale
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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15
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Singh E, Meyyappan M, Nalwa HS. Flexible Graphene-Based Wearable Gas and Chemical Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:34544-34586. [PMID: 28876901 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electronics is expected to be one of the most active research areas in the next decade; therefore, nanomaterials possessing high carrier mobility, optical transparency, mechanical robustness and flexibility, lightweight, and environmental stability will be in immense demand. Graphene is one of the nanomaterials that fulfill all these requirements, along with other inherently unique properties and convenience to fabricate into different morphological nanostructures, from atomically thin single layers to nanoribbons. Graphene-based materials have also been investigated in sensor technologies, from chemical sensing to detection of cancer biomarkers. The progress of graphene-based flexible gas and chemical sensors in terms of material preparation, sensor fabrication, and their performance are reviewed here. The article provides a brief introduction to graphene-based materials and their potential applications in flexible and stretchable wearable electronic devices. The role of graphene in fabricating flexible gas sensors for the detection of various hazardous gases, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen (H2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and humidity in wearable technology, is discussed. In addition, applications of graphene-based materials are also summarized in detecting toxic heavy metal ions (Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Ag), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including nitrobenzene, toluene, acetone, formaldehyde, amines, phenols, bisphenol A (BPA), explosives, chemical warfare agents, and environmental pollutants. The sensitivity, selectivity and strategies for excluding interferents are also discussed for graphene-based gas and chemical sensors. The challenges for developing future generation of flexible and stretchable sensors for wearable technology that would be usable for the Internet of Things (IoT) are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Singh
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - M Meyyappan
- Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - Hari Singh Nalwa
- Advanced Technology Research , 26650 The Old Road, Valencia, California 91381, United States
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16
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Sanna D, Alzari V, Nuvoli D, Nuvoli L, Rassu M, Sanna V, Mariani A. β-Cyclodextrin-based supramolecular poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels prepared by frontal polymerization. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 166:249-255. [PMID: 28385230 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Frontal polymerization (FP) was successfully applied to the synthesis of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-grafted-acryloyl-β-cyclodextrin supramolecularly crosslinked hydrogels. It was established that acryloyl-β-cyclodextrin (AβCD) allowed performing successful frontal polymerizations with N-isopropylacrylamide even in the absence of any covalent crosslinker, which is something generally required. It was found that the swelling properties of the resulting hydrogels can be tuned by varying the amount of AβCD. Namely, when little amounts of this non-covalent crosslinker were used, superabsorbent hydrogels were obtained. Hydrogels containing also a covalent crosslinker were also prepared for comparison. These latter exhibited swelling ratios that are much lower than the others.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sanna
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, and INSTM Unit, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - V Alzari
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, and INSTM Unit, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - D Nuvoli
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, and INSTM Unit, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - L Nuvoli
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, and INSTM Unit, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - M Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, and INSTM Unit, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - V Sanna
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, and INSTM Unit, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - A Mariani
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, and INSTM Unit, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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17
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Cheng C, Li S, Thomas A, Kotov NA, Haag R. Functional Graphene Nanomaterials Based Architectures: Biointeractions, Fabrications, and Emerging Biological Applications. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1826-1914. [PMID: 28075573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Functional graphene nanomaterials (FGNs) are fast emerging materials with extremely unique physical and chemical properties and physiological ability to interfere and/or interact with bioorganisms; as a result, FGNs present manifold possibilities for diverse biological applications. Beyond their use in drug/gene delivery, phototherapy, and bioimaging, recent studies have revealed that FGNs can significantly promote interfacial biointeractions, in particular, with proteins, mammalian cells/stem cells, and microbials. FGNs can adsorb and concentrate nutrition factors including proteins from physiological media. This accelerates the formation of extracellular matrix, which eventually promotes cell colonization by providing a more beneficial microenvironment for cell adhesion and growth. Furthermore, FGNs can also interact with cocultured cells by physical or chemical stimulation, which significantly mediate their cellular signaling and biological performance. In this review, we elucidate FGNs-bioorganism interactions and summarize recent advancements on designing FGN-based two-dimensional and three-dimensional architectures as multifunctional biological platforms. We have also discussed the representative biological applications regarding these FGN-based bioactive architectures. Furthermore, the future perspectives and emerging challenges will also be highlighted. Due to the lack of comprehensive reviews in this emerging field, this review may catch great interest and inspire many new opportunities across a broad range of disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin , Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin , Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicholas A Kotov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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18
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Nag S, Castro M, Choudhary V, Feller JF. Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) [SPEEK] nanocomposites based on hybrid nanocarbons for the detection and discrimination of some lung cancer VOC biomarkers. J Mater Chem B 2016; 5:348-359. [PMID: 32263553 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02583h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of a volatolome is a promising approach to allow the early diagnosis of diseases such as cancers. However, one important challenge is to take the chemical fingerprint of the complex blend of volatiles, for many of them only present at the sub-ppm level. We have investigated a facile route to differentiate the chemo-resistive behaviour of quantum resistive vapour sensors (vQRS) and provide them with a strong methanol selectivity by simply changing the sulfonation degree of poly(ether ether ketone) up to 85%. The hybridization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with fullerene (C60) structured in a 3D architecture by spray layer-by-layer (sLbL) has allowed us to boost significantly the sensitivity of sensors to reach the sub-ppm level (340 ppb). After their integration into an e-nose, PEEK-nanocarbon sensors were found to effectively discriminate both single and binary mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and among all biomarkers to detect preferentially methanol with a high signal to noise ratio (200).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sananda Nag
- Smart Plastics Group, Bretagne Loire University (UBL), IRDL CNRS 3744 - UBS, Lorient, France.
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19
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Ryzhakov A, Do Thi T, Stappaerts J, Bertoletti L, Kimpe K, Sá Couto AR, Saokham P, Van den Mooter G, Augustijns P, Somsen GW, Kurkov S, Inghelbrecht S, Arien A, Jimidar MI, Schrijnemakers K, Loftsson T. Self-Assembly of Cyclodextrins and Their Complexes in Aqueous Solutions. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:2556-2569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Kim SJ, Choi SJ, Jang JS, Kim NH, Hakim M, Tuller HL, Kim ID. Mesoporous WO3 Nanofibers with Protein-Templated Nanoscale Catalysts for Detection of Trace Biomarkers in Exhaled Breath. ACS NANO 2016; 10:5891-5899. [PMID: 27166639 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Highly selective detection, rapid response (<20 s), and superior sensitivity (Rair/Rgas> 50) against specific target gases, particularly at the 1 ppm level, still remain considerable challenges in gas sensor applications. We propose a rational design and facile synthesis concept for achieving exceptionally sensitive and selective detection of trace target biomarkers in exhaled human breath using a protein nanocage templating route for sensitizing electrospun nanofibers (NFs). The mesoporous WO3 NFs, functionalized with well-dispersed nanoscale Pt, Pd, and Rh catalytic nanoparticles (NPs), exhibit excellent sensing performance, even at parts per billion level concentrations of gases in a humid atmosphere. Functionalized WO3 NFs with nanoscale catalysts are demonstrated to show great promise for the reliable diagnosis of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Meggie Hakim
- Platforms Engineering Group, Intel GmbH , Munich 85622, Germany
| | - Harry L Tuller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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21
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Duarte L, Nag S, Castro M, Zaborova E, Ménand M, Sollogoub M, Bennevault V, Feller JF, Guégan P. Chemical Sensors Based on New Polyamides Biobased on (Z) Octadec-9-Enedioic Acid and β-Cyclodextrin. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisday Duarte
- Laboratoire Analyses et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement (UMR 8587); University of Evry; 91025 Evry Cedex France
| | - Sananda Nag
- Smart Plastics Group; European University of Brittany; LIMATB-UBS; 56321 Lorient France
| | - Mickaël Castro
- Smart Plastics Group; European University of Brittany; LIMATB-UBS; 56321 Lorient France
| | - Elena Zaborova
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR-CNRS 8232); Team Chimie des polymères; 75252 Paris cedex France
| | - Mickaël Ménand
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR-CNRS 8232); Team Chimie des polymères; 75252 Paris cedex France
| | - Matthieu Sollogoub
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR-CNRS 8232); Team Chimie des polymères; 75252 Paris cedex France
| | - Véronique Bennevault
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR-CNRS 8232); Team Chimie des polymères; 75252 Paris cedex France
- University of Evry; 91025 Evry France
| | - Jean-Francois Feller
- Smart Plastics Group; European University of Brittany; LIMATB-UBS; 56321 Lorient France
| | - Philippe Guégan
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR-CNRS 8232); Team Chimie des polymères; 75252 Paris cedex France
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22
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Bennevault V, Huin C, Guégan P, Evgeniya K, Qiu XP, Winnik FM. Temperature sensitive supramolecular self assembly of per-6-PEO-β-cyclodextrin and α,ω-di-(adamantylethyl)poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in water. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:6432-6443. [PMID: 26179328 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01293g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The host/guest interactions in water of a star polymer consisting of a β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) core bearing six poly(ethylene oxide) arms linked to the C6 positions of β-CD (β-CD-PEO7, Mn 5000 g mol(-1)) and α,ω-di-(adamantylethyl)poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (Ad-PNIPAM-12K, Mn 12,000 g mol(-1)) were studied by 1D and 2D (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, isothermal calorimetry (ITC), and light scattering (LS). In cold water (T < 26 °C) supramolecular "dumbbell" assemblies, consisting of PNIPAM chains with β-CD/Ad inclusion complexes at each end, formed viaβ-CD-insertion of the terminal Ads through the β-CD secondary face. Light scattering, microcalorimetry (DSC), and DOSY NMR studies indicated that mixed aqueous solutions of β-CD-PEO7 and Ad-PNIPAM-12K undergo a reversible heat-induced phase transition at ∼32 °C, accompanied by a release of a fraction of the Ad-bound β-CD-PEO7 into bulk solution and the formation of aggregated Ad-PNIPAM-12K stabilized by a β-CD-PEO7 shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bennevault
- Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, 91025 Evry Cedex, France
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23
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Tanguy NR, Fiddes LK, Yan N. Enhanced Radio Frequency Biosensor for Food Quality Detection Using Functionalized Carbon Nanofillers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:11939-11947. [PMID: 25993041 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper outlines an improved design of inexpensive, wireless and battery free biosensors for in situ monitoring of food quality. This type of device has an additional advantage of being operated remotely. To make the device, a portion of an antenna of a passive 13.56 MHz radio frequency identification (RFID) tag was altered with a sensing element composed of conductive nanofillers/particles, a binding agent, and a polymer matrix. These novel RFID tags were exposed to biogenic amine putrescine, commonly used as a marker for food spoilage, and their response was monitored over time using a general-purpose network analyzer. The effect of conductive filler properties, including conductivity and morphology, and filler functionalization was investigated by preparing sensing composites containing carbon particles (CPs), multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and binding agent grafted-multiwall carbon nanotubes (g-MWCNTs), respectively. During exposure to putrescine, the amount of reflected waves, frequency at resonance, and quality factor of the novel RFID tags decreased in response. The use of MWCNTs reduced tag cutoff time (i.e., faster response time) as compared with the use of CPs, which highlighted the effectiveness of the conductive nanofiller morphology, while the addition of g-MWCNTs further accelerated the sensor response time as a result of localized binding on the conductive nanofiller surface. Microstructural investigation of the film morphology indicated a better dispersion of g-MWCNTs in the sensing composite as compared to MWCNTs and CPs, as well as a smoother texture of the surface of the resulting coating. These results demonstrated that grafting of the binding agent onto the conductive particles in the sensing composite is an effective way to further enhance the detection sensitivity of the RFID tag based sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas R Tanguy
- †Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B3, Canada
| | - Lindsey K Fiddes
- ‡Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8 Canada
| | - Ning Yan
- †Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B3, Canada
- §Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5 Canada
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