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Scheffer FR, Silveira CP, Morais J, Bettini J, Cardoso MB. Tailoring Pseudo-Zwitterionic Bifunctionalized Silica Nanoparticles: From Colloidal Stability to Biological Interactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10756-10763. [PMID: 32787025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Zwitterionic molecules are known to resist nonspecific protein adsorption and have been proposed as an alternative to the widely used polyethylene glycol. Recently, zwitterionic-like nanoparticles were created from the coimmobilization of positive and negative ligands, resulting in surfaces that also prevent protein corona formation while keeping available sites for bioconjugation. However, it is unclear if they are able to keep their original properties when immersed in biological environments while retaining a toxicity-free profile, indispensable features before considering these structures for clinics. Herein, we obtained optimized zwitterionic-like silica nanoparticles from the functionalization with varying ratios of THPMP and DETAPTMS organosilanes and investigated their behavior in realistic biological milieu. The generated zwitterionic-like particle was able to resist single-protein adsorption, while the interaction with a myriad of serum proteins led to significant loss of colloidal stability. Moreover, the zwitterionic particles presented poor hemocompatibility, causing considerable disruption of red blood cells. Our findings suggest that the exposure of ionic groups allows these structures to directly engage with the environment and that electrostatic neutrality is not enough to grant low-fouling and stealth properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Ramos Scheffer
- Laboratório Nacional de Luz Sı́ncrotron (LNLS)/Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia (LNNano), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Caixa Postal 6192, Campinas, CEP 13083-970 São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Quı́mica (IQ), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Caixa Postal 6154, Campinas, CEP 13083-970 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Pedroso Silveira
- Laboratório Nacional de Luz Sı́ncrotron (LNLS)/Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia (LNNano), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Caixa Postal 6192, Campinas, CEP 13083-970 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonder Morais
- Instituto de Fı́sica (IF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Caixa Postal 15051, Porto Alegre, CEP 91501-970 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Bettini
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia (LNNano), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Caixa Postal 6192, Campinas, CEP 13083-970 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mateus Borba Cardoso
- Laboratório Nacional de Luz Sı́ncrotron (LNLS)/Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia (LNNano), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Caixa Postal 6192, Campinas, CEP 13083-970 São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Quı́mica (IQ), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Caixa Postal 6154, Campinas, CEP 13083-970 São Paulo, Brazil
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Zhang YN, Zhou T, Han B, Zhang A, Zhao Y. Optical bio-chemical sensors based on whispering gallery mode resonators. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:13832-13856. [PMID: 30020301 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03709d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators have attracted extensive attention and their unique characteristics have led to some remarkable achievements. In particular, when combined with optical sensing technology, the WGM reonator-based sensor offers the advantages of small size, high sensitivity and a real-time dynamic response. At present, this type of sensor is widely applied in the bio-chemical sensing field. In this paper, we briefly review the sensing principle, the structures and the sensing applications of optical bio-chemical sensors based on the WGM resonator, with particular focuses on their sensing properties and their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the existing problems and future development trends of WGM resonator-based optical bio-chemical sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Zhang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China. and State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Tianmin Zhou
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Bo Han
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China. and Liaoning Provincial Institute of Measurement, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Aozhuo Zhang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China. and State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Shenyang, 110819, China
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Toren P, Ozgur E, Bayindir M. Label-Free Optical Biodetection of Pathogen Virulence Factors in Complex Media Using Microtoroids with Multifunctional Surface Functionality. ACS Sens 2018; 3:352-359. [PMID: 29336141 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of pathogens or their virulence factors in complex media has a key role in early diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. Nanomolar and selective detection of Exotoxin A, which is a virulence factor secreted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the sputum of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients, can pave the way for early diagnosis of P. aeruginosa infections. In this study, we conducted a preliminary study to demonstrate the feasibility of optical biodetection of P. aeruginosa Exotoxin A in a diluted artificial sputum mimicking the CF respiratory environment. Our surface engineering approach provides an effective biointerface enabling highly selective detection of the Exotoxin A molecules in the complex media using monoclonal anti-Exotoxin A functionalized microtoroids. The highly resilient microtoroid surface toward other constituents of the sputum provides Exotoxin A detection ability in the complex media by reproducible measurements. In this study, the limit-of-detection of Exotoxin A in the complex media is calculated as 2.45 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Toren
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, §UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, and ‡Department of Physics, Bilkent University , 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erol Ozgur
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, §UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, and ‡Department of Physics, Bilkent University , 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bayindir
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, §UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, and ‡Department of Physics, Bilkent University , 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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Garakani TM, Richter MJ, Böker A. Controlling the bio-inspired synthesis of silica. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 488:322-334. [PMID: 27838557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The influence of different parameters on the silicification procedure using lysozyme is reported. When polyethoxysiloxane (PEOS), an internally crosslinked silica reservoir, is used, regular structures with a narrow size distribution could be obtained only via introducing the silica precursor in two steps including initial dropping and subsequent addition of residual oil phase in one portion. We found that mixing sequence of mineralizing agents in the presence of a positively charged surfactant plays a key role in terms of silica precipitation when tetraethoxyorthosilicate (TEOS) is the oil phase. In contrast, well-mineralized crumpled features with high specific surface area could be synthesized in the presence of PEOS as a silica precursor polymer, regardless of mixing sequence. Moreover, introducing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a negatively charged surfactant resulted in regular silica sphere formation only in combination with hexylene glycol (MPD) as a specific co-solvent. Finally, it is demonstrated that by inclusion of different nanoparticles even more sophisticated hybrid materials can be generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Mirzaei Garakani
- DWI - Leibniz-Institut für Interaktive Materialien e.V., Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Materialien und Oberflächen, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 50, D-52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marina Juliane Richter
- DWI - Leibniz-Institut für Interaktive Materialien e.V., Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Materialien und Oberflächen, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 50, D-52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Böker
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP), Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Polymermaterialien und Polymertechnologie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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Toren P, Ozgur E, Bayindir M. Oligonucleotide-based label-free detection with optical microresonators: strategies and challenges. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2572-2595. [PMID: 27306702 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00521g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This review targets diversified oligonucleotide-based biodetection techniques, focusing on the use of microresonators of whispering gallery mode (WGM) type as optical biosensors mostly integrated with lab-on-a-chip systems. On-chip and microfluidics combined devices along with optical microresonators provide rapid, robust, reproducible and multiplexed biodetection abilities in considerably small volumes. We present a detailed overview of the studies conducted so far, including biodetection of various oligonucleotide biomarkers as well as deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs), ribonucleic acids (RNAs) and proteins. We particularly advert to chemical surface modifications for specific and selective biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Toren
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey. and UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erol Ozgur
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey. and UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bayindir
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey. and UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey and Department of Physics, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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Toren P, Ozgur E, Bayindir M. Real-Time and Selective Detection of Single Nucleotide DNA Mutations Using Surface Engineered Microtoroids. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10920-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Toren
- Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- UNAM-National
Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erol Ozgur
- Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- UNAM-National
Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bayindir
- Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- UNAM-National
Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Department
of Physics, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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Ozgur E, Toren P, Aktas O, Huseyinoglu E, Bayindir M. Label-Free Biosensing with High Selectivity in Complex Media using Microtoroidal Optical Resonators. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13173. [PMID: 26271605 PMCID: PMC4642504 DOI: 10.1038/srep13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Although label-free biosensors comprised of optical microcavities inherently possess the capability of resolving molecular interactions at individual level, this extreme sensitivity restricts their convenience for large scale applications by inducing vulnerability towards non-specific interactions that readily occur within complex media. Therefore, the use of optical microresonators for biosensing is mostly limited within strictly defined laboratory conditions, instead of field applications as early detection of cancer markers in blood, or identification of contamination in food. Here, we propose a novel surface modification strategy suitable for but not limited to optical microresonator based biosensors, enabling highly selective biosensing with considerable sensitivity as well. Using a robust, silane-based surface coating which is simultaneously protein resistant and bioconjugable, we demonstrate that it becomes possible to perform biosensing within complex media, without compromising the sensitivity or reliability of the measurement. Functionalized microtoroids are successfully shown to resist nonspecific interactions, while simultaneously being used as sensitive biological sensors. This strategy could pave the way for important applications in terms of extending the use of state-of-the-art biosensors for solving problems similar to the aforementioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erol Ozgur
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pelin Toren
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozan Aktas
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ersin Huseyinoglu
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bayindir
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Physics, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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