1
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Aliev TA, Timralieva AA, Kurakina TA, Katsuba KE, Egorycheva YA, Dubovichenko MV, Kutyrev MA, Shilovskikh VV, Orekhov N, Kondratyuk N, Semenov SN, Kolpashchikov DM, Skorb EV. Designed assembly and disassembly of DNA in supramolecular structure: From ion regulated nuclear formation and machine learning recognition to running DNA cascade. NANO SELECT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202200092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nikita Orekhov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Moscow Russia
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University Moscow Russia
| | - Nikolay Kondratyuk
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Moscow Russia
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
- National Research University Higher School of Economics Moscow Russia
| | - Sergey N. Semenov
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Dmitry M. Kolpashchikov
- ITMO University Saint Petersburg Russia
- University of Central Florida Chemistry Department Orlando Florida USA
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences University of Central Florida Orlando Florida USA
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2
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Berk KL, Blum SM, Funk VL, Sun Y, Yang IY, Gostomski MV, Roth PA, Liem AT, Emanuel PA, Hogan ME, Miklos AE, Lux MW. Rapid Visual Authentication Based on DNA Strand Displacement. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:19476-19486. [PMID: 33852293 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Novel ways to track and verify items of a high value or security is an ever-present need. Taggants made from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) have several advantageous properties, such as high information density and robust synthesis; however, existing methods require laboratory techniques to verify, limiting applications. Here, we leverage DNA nanotechnology to create DNA taggants that can be validated in the field in seconds to minutes with a simple equipment. The system is driven by toehold-mediated strand-displacement reactions where matching oligonucleotide sequences drive the generation of a fluorescent signal through the potential energy of base pairing. By pooling different "input" oligonucleotide sequences in a taggant and spatially separating "reporter" oligonucleotide sequences on a paper ticket, unique, sequence-driven patterns emerge for different taggant formulations. Algorithmically generated oligonucleotide sequences show no crosstalk and ink-embedded taggants maintain activity for at least 99 days at 60 °C (equivalent to nearly 2 years at room temperature). The resulting fluorescent signals can be analyzed by the eye or a smartphone when paired with a UV flashlight and filtered glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L Berk
- US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Steven M Blum
- US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Vanessa L Funk
- US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Yuhua Sun
- Applied DNA Sciences, Stony Brook, New York 11790, United States
| | - In-Young Yang
- Applied DNA Sciences, Stony Brook, New York 11790, United States
| | - Mark V Gostomski
- US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Pierce A Roth
- US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, Maryland 21010, United States
- DCS Corporation, Belcamp, Maryland 21017, United States
| | - Alvin T Liem
- US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, Maryland 21010, United States
- DCS Corporation, Belcamp, Maryland 21017, United States
| | - Peter A Emanuel
- US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Michael E Hogan
- Applied DNA Sciences, Stony Brook, New York 11790, United States
| | - Aleksandr E Miklos
- US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Matthew W Lux
- US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, Maryland 21010, United States
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3
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Tan X, Ge L, Zhang T, Lu Z. Preservation of DNA for data storage. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The preservation of DNA has attracted significant interest of scientists in diverse research fields from ancient biological remains to the information field. In light of the different DNA safekeeping requirements (e.g., storage time, storage conditions) in these disparate fields, scientists have proposed distinct methods to maintain the DNA integrity. Specifically, DNA data storage is an emerging research, which means that the binary digital information is converted to the sequences of nucleotides leading to dense and durable data storage in the form of synthesized DNA. The intact preservation of DNA plays a significant role because it is closely related to data integrity. This review discusses DNA preservation methods, aiming to confirm an appropriate one for synthetic oligonucleotides in DNA data storage. First, we analyze the impact factors of the DNA long-term storage, including the intrinsic stability of DNA, environmental factors, and storage methods. Then, the benefits and disadvantages of diverse conservation approaches (e.g., encapsulation-free, chemical encapsulation) are discussed. Finally, we provide advice for storing non-genetic information in DNA in vitro. We expect these preservation suggestions to promote further research that may extend the DNA storage time.
The bibliography includes 99 references.
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4
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Zinchenko A, Inagaki E, Murata S. Encapsulation of Long Genomic DNA into a Confinement of a Polyelectrolyte Microcapsule: A Single-Molecule Insight. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:458-464. [PMID: 31459343 PMCID: PMC6647962 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulation of nucleic acids is an important technology in gene delivery, construction of "artificial cells", genome protection, and other fields. However, although there have been a number of protocols reported for encapsulation of short or oligomeric DNAs, encapsulation of genome-sized DNA containing hundreds of kilobase pairs is challenging because the length of such DNA is much longer compared to the size of a typical microcapsule. Here, we report a protocol for encapsulation of a ca. 60 μm contour length DNA into several micrometer-sized polyelectrolyte capsules. The encapsulation was carried out by (1) compaction of T4 DNA with multivalent cations, (2) entrapment of DNA condensates into micrometer-sized CaCO3 beads, (3) assembly of polyelectrolyte multilayers on a bead surface, and (4) dissolution of beads resulting in DNA unfolding and release. Fluorescence microscopy was used to monitor the process of long DNA encapsulation at the level of single-DNA molecules. The differences between long and short DNA encapsulation processes and morphologies of products are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Zinchenko
- Graduate School of Environmental
Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Eisuke Inagaki
- Graduate School of Environmental
Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shizuaki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental
Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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5
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Mikutis G, Deuber CA, Schmid L, Kittilä A, Lobsiger N, Puddu M, Asgeirsson DO, Grass RN, Saar MO, Stark WJ. Silica-Encapsulated DNA-Based Tracers for Aquifer Characterization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:12142-12152. [PMID: 30277386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental tracing is a direct way to characterize aquifers, evaluate the solute transfer parameter in underground reservoirs, and track contamination. By performing multitracer tests, and translating the tracer breakthrough times into tomographic maps, key parameters such as a reservoir's effective porosity and permeability field may be obtained. DNA, with its modular design, allows the generation of a virtually unlimited number of distinguishable tracers. To overcome the insufficient DNA stability due to microbial activity, heat, and chemical stress, we present a method to encapsulated DNA into silica with control over the particle size. The reliability of DNA quantification is improved by the sample preservation with NaN3 and particle redispersion strategies. In both sand column and unconsolidated aquifer experiments, DNA-based particle tracers exhibited slightly earlier and sharper breakthrough than the traditional solute tracer uranine. The reason behind this observation is the size exclusion effect, whereby larger tracer particles are excluded from small pores, and are therefore transported with higher average velocity, which is pore size-dependent. Identical surface properties, and thus flow behavior, makes the new material an attractive tracer to characterize sandy groundwater reservoirs or to track multiple sources of contaminants with high spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gediminas Mikutis
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Claudia A Deuber
- Geothermal Energy and Geofluids Group, Department of Earth Sciences , ETH Zurich , Sonneggstrasse 5 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Lucius Schmid
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Anniina Kittilä
- Geothermal Energy and Geofluids Group, Department of Earth Sciences , ETH Zurich , Sonneggstrasse 5 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Nadine Lobsiger
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Michela Puddu
- Haelixa AG, Otto-Stern-Weg 7 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Daphne O Asgeirsson
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Robert N Grass
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Martin O Saar
- Geothermal Energy and Geofluids Group, Department of Earth Sciences , ETH Zurich , Sonneggstrasse 5 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
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Mikutis G, Schmid L, Stark WJ, Grass RN. Length-dependent DNA degradation kinetic model: Decay compensation in DNA tracer concentration measurements. AIChE J 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gediminas Mikutis
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Functional Materials Laboratory; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Lucius Schmid
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Functional Materials Laboratory; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J. Stark
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Functional Materials Laboratory; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Robert N. Grass
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Functional Materials Laboratory; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
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Sakimoto KK, Kornienko N, Cestellos-Blanco S, Lim J, Liu C, Yang P. Physical Biology of the Materials–Microorganism Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1978-1985. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey K. Sakimoto
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department
of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nikolay Kornienko
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Cestellos-Blanco
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jongwoo Lim
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Chong Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Peidong Yang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoSciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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8
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Light scattering on PHA granules protects bacterial cells against the harmful effects of UV radiation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:1923-1931. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mikutis G, Mora CA, Puddu M, Paunescu D, Grass RN, Stark WJ. DNA-Based Sensor Particles Enable Measuring Light Intensity in Single Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:2765-2770. [PMID: 26866714 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
"Lab on a particle" architecture is employed in designing a light nanosensor. Light-sensitive protecting groups are installed on DNA, which is encapsulated in silica particles, qualifying as a self-sufficient light sensor. The nanosensors allow measuring light intensity and duration in very small volumes, such as single cells, and store the irradiation information until readout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gediminas Mikutis
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Carlos A Mora
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michela Puddu
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Paunescu
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Robert N Grass
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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Kim TW, Kim IY, Park DH, Choy JH, Hwang SJ. Highly Stable Nanocontainer of APTES-Anchored Layered Titanate Nanosheet for Reliable Protection/Recovery of Nucleic Acid. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21993. [PMID: 26906340 PMCID: PMC4764942 DOI: 10.1038/srep21993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A universal technology for the encapsulative protection of unstable anionic species by highly stable layered metal oxide has been developed via the surface modification of a metal oxide nanosheet. The surface anchoring of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) on exfoliated titanate nanosheet yields a novel cationic metal oxide nanosheet, which can be universally used for the hybridization with various biological and inorganic anions. The encapsulation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the cationic APTES-anchored titanate lattice makes possible the reliable long-term protection of DNA against enzymatic, chemical, and UV-vis light corrosions. The encapsulated DNA can be easily released from the titanate lattice via sonication, underscoring the functionality of the cationic APTES-anchored titanate nanosheet as a stable nanocontainer for DNA. The APTES-anchored titanate nanosheet can be also used as an efficient CO2 adsorbent and a versatile host material for various inorganic anions like polyoxometalates, leading to the synthesis of novel intercalative nanohybrids with unexplored properties and useful functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - In Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Dae-Hwan Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Choy
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Seong-Ju Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Santonicola MG, Coscia MG, Sirilli M, Laurenzi S. Nanomaterial-based biosensors for a real-time detection of biological damage by UV light. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2015:4391-4. [PMID: 26737268 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the design and fabrication of a miniaturized and light-weight biosensor that can be used to monitor the biological effects of hostile ultraviolet radiation in earth and space are presented. The biosensor is generated by embedding a sensitive element to UV radiation, DNA, in a hybrid carbon-based nanomaterial. In particular, we present results on the fabrication and characterization of hybrid nanostructured films containing graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and double-stranded DNA for the in situ and real-time detection of UV radiation damaging effects from the changes of the film electrical properties induced by exposure to UV-C radiation. The biosensor is realized by the deposition of the sensitive unit GNP/DNA on a supporting substrate made of flexible polymers or glass.
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Paunescu D, Mora CA, Querci L, Heckel R, Puddu M, Hattendorf B, Günther D, Grass RN. Detecting and Number Counting of Single Engineered Nanoparticles by Digital Particle Polymerase Chain Reaction. ACS NANO 2015; 9:9564-72. [PMID: 26258812 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of nanoparticles present in colloidal dispersions are usually measured and given in mass concentration (e.g. mg/mL), and number concentrations can only be obtained by making assumptions about nanoparticle size and morphology. Additionally traditional nanoparticle concentration measures are not very sensitive, and only the presence/absence of millions/billions of particles occurring together can be obtained. Here, we describe a method, which not only intrinsically results in number concentrations, but is also sensitive enough to count individual nanoparticles, one by one. To make this possible, the sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was combined with a binary (=0/1, yes/no) measurement arrangement, binomial statistics and DNA comprising monodisperse silica nanoparticles. With this method, individual tagged particles in the range of 60-250 nm could be detected and counted in drinking water in absolute number, utilizing a standard qPCR device within 1.5 h of measurement time. For comparison, the method was validated with single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (sp-ICPMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Paunescu
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlos A Mora
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Querci
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Heckel
- IBM Research , Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Michela Puddu
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bodo Hattendorf
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Detlef Günther
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert N Grass
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Grass RN, Heckel R, Puddu M, Paunescu D, Stark WJ. Robust chemical preservation of digital information on DNA in silica with error-correcting codes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:2552-5. [PMID: 25650567 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Information, such as text printed on paper or images projected onto microfilm, can survive for over 500 years. However, the storage of digital information for time frames exceeding 50 years is challenging. Here we show that digital information can be stored on DNA and recovered without errors for considerably longer time frames. To allow for the perfect recovery of the information, we encapsulate the DNA in an inorganic matrix, and employ error-correcting codes to correct storage-related errors. Specifically, we translated 83 kB of information to 4991 DNA segments, each 158 nucleotides long, which were encapsulated in silica. Accelerated aging experiments were performed to measure DNA decay kinetics, which show that data can be archived on DNA for millennia under a wide range of conditions. The original information could be recovered error free, even after treating the DNA in silica at 70 °C for one week. This is thermally equivalent to storing information on DNA in central Europe for 2000 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Grass
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich (Switzerland) www.fml.ethz.ch.
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Grass RN, Heckel R, Puddu M, Paunescu D, Stark WJ. Robuste chemische Speicherung von digitalen Informationen auf DNA in Silicat unter Verwendung fehlerkorrigierender Codes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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