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Koide H, Saito K, Yoshimatsu K, Chou B, Hoshino Y, Yonezawa S, Oku N, Asai T, Shea KJ. Cooling-induced, localized release of cytotoxic peptides from engineered polymer nanoparticles in living mice for cancer therapy. J Control Release 2023; 355:745-759. [PMID: 36804558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Temperature-responsive polymers are often characterized by an abrupt change in the degree of swelling brought about by small changes in temperature. Polymers with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in particular, are important as drug and gene delivery vehicles. Drug molecules are taken up by the polymer in their solvent swollen state below their LCST. Increasing the temperature above the LCST, typically physiological temperatures, results in desolvation of polymer chains and microstructure collapse. The trapped drug is released slowly by passive diffusion through the collapsed polymer network. Since diffusion is dependent on many variables, localizing and control of the drug delivery rate can be challenging. Here, we report a fundamentally different approach for the rapid (seconds) tumor-specific delivery of a biomacromolecular drug. A copolymer nanoparticle (NP) was engineered with affinity for melittin, a peptide with potent anti-cancer activity, at physiological temperature. Intravenous injection of the NP-melittin complex results in its accumulation in organs and at the tumor. We demonstrate that by local cooling of the tumor the melittin is rapidly released from the NP-melittin complex. The release occurs only at the cooled tumor site. Importantly, tumor growth was significantly suppressed using this technique demonstrating therapeutically useful quantities of the drug can be delivered. This work reports the first example of an in vivo site-specific release of a macromolecular drug by local cooling for cancer therapy. In view of the increasing number of cryotherapeutic devices for in vivo applications, this work has the potential to stimulate cryotherapy for in vivo drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Koide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate school of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Saito
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate school of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yoshimatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri State University, 901 South National Avenue, Springfield, MO 65897, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Beverly Chou
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yu Hoshino
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Sei Yonezawa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate school of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Naoto Oku
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate school of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; Laboratory of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Asai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate school of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kenneth J Shea
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Gao L, Xu D, Wan H, Zhang X, Dai X, Yan LT. Understanding Interfacial Nanoparticle Organization through Simulation and Theory: A Review. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11137-11148. [PMID: 36070512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the behaviors of nanoparticles at interfaces is crucial not only for the design of novel nanostructured materials with superior properties but also for a better understanding of many biological systems where nanoscale objects such as drug molecules, viruses, and proteins can interact with various interfaces. Theoretical studies and tailored computer simulations offer unique approaches to investigating the evolution and formation of structures as well as to determining structure-property relationships regarding the interfacial nanostructures. In this feature article, we summarize our efforts to exploit computational approaches as well as theoretical modeling in understanding the organization of nanoscale objects at the interfaces of various systems. First, we present the latest research advances and state-of-the-art computational techniques for the simulation of nanoparticles at interfaces. Then we introduce the applications of multiscale modeling and simulation methods as well as theoretical analysis to explore the basic science and the fundamental principles in the interfacial nanoparticle organization, covering the interfaces of polymer, nanoscience, biomacromolecules, and biomembranes. Finally, we discuss future directions to signify the framework in tailoring the interfacial organization of nanoparticles based on the computational design. This feature article could promote further efforts toward fundamental research and the wide applications of theoretical approaches in designing interfacial assemblies for new types of functional nanomaterials and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Duo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Haixiao Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xuanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Li-Tang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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A linear-polymer-based lactoferrin-selective recognition element for an ELISA mimic: A proof of concept. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1191:339309. [PMID: 35033252 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of polymers with tailored properties for the recognition of macromolecules such as proteins is challenging. In this work, the synthesis of a new polymer format, a linear polymer (LP), as the selective recognition element for the globular protein lactoferrin (LF) is proposed as a proof-of-concept study. For the synthesis, a solid-phase strategy using the reversible deactivation radical polymerisation (RDRP) mechanism is proposed. This approach, which is usually used in molecular imprinting, involves the immobilisation of LF on the surface of a solid support, but, unlike classical imprinting, a cross-linker in the polymerisation mixture is not required. Consequently, the copolymer is soluble and flexible, thus overcoming the drawbacks associated with traditional synthetic polymers for macromolecule imprinting. This new polymer format has great potential for replacing natural antibodies in bioassays such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), dot blot, western blot, or pull-down. In our case, the linear polymer was used as a recognition element to replace natural antibodies in a LF-selective ELISA. The responses of the linear polymer between LF concentrations of 0.1 nM and 0.25 μM were studied, and a significant difference was observed between the non-specific signals and the signals measured in the presence of the polymeric material. Further, the response versus log concentration curves were fitted to a logistic equation, allowing estimation of the EC50 value: 11.8 ± 1.4 nM. We also confirmed the selective detection of LF using the competitive inhibition of the selective LF-biotin conjugate (LF-Bi) binding to the plastic receptor (LP) for closely related proteins (e.g. those having similar molecular weights or isoelectric points) such as human lysozyme, trypsin, and albumin, which are present in human body fluids. The system presents a cross-reactivity value or selectivity of 1.95% for lysozyme, 0.028% for trypsin, and 0.016% for albumin. The applicability of this method for the determination of urine LF levels in inflammatory and infectious diseases of the human urinary tract is also demonstrated.
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Pan YC, Yue YX, Hu XY, Li HB, Guo DS. A Supramolecular Antidote to Macromolecular Toxins Prepared through Coassembly of Macrocyclic Amphiphiles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104310. [PMID: 34418189 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Poisoning is a leading cause of admission to medical emergency departments and intensive care units. Supramolecular detoxification, which involves injecting supramolecular receptors that bind with toxins to suppress their biological activity, is an emerging strategy for poisoning treatment; it has few requirements and a broad application scope. However, it is still a formidable challenge to design supramolecular therapeutic materials as an antidote to macromolecular toxins, because the large size, flexible conformation, and presence of multiple and diverse binding sites of biomacromolecules hinder their recognition. Herein, a supramolecular antidote to macromolecular toxins is developed through the coassembly of macrocyclic amphiphiles, relying on heteromultivalent recognition between the coassembled components and toxic macromolecules. The coassembly of amphiphilic cyclodextrin and calixarene strongly and selectively captures melittin, a toxin studied herein; this imparts various therapeutic effects such as inhibiting the interactions of melittin with cell membranes, alleviating melittin cytotoxicity and hemolytic toxicity, reducing the mortality rate of melittin-poisoned mice, and mitigating damage to major organs. The use of the proposed antidote overcomes the limitation of supramolecular detoxification applicability to only small-molecular toxins. The antidote can also detoxify other macromolecular toxins as long as selective and strong binding is achieved because of the coassembling tunability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Pan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu-Xin Yue
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xin-Yue Hu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Koide H. [Design of Synthetic Polymer Nanoparticles That Capture and Neutralize Target Molecules]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2021; 141:1079-1086. [PMID: 34471009 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.21-00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein affinity reagents that specifically and strongly bind to target molecules are widely used in disease detection, diagnosis, and therapy. Although antibodies and their fragments are the gold standard in protein-protein inhibitors (PPIs), synthetic polymers such as linear polymers, dendrimers, and nanoparticles as cost-effective PPIs have attracted great attention as alternatives to antibodies. These polymers exhibit high affinity to the target by imitating natural protein-protein interactions. However, only a few in vivo applications have been reported. Here, our recent advances in the development of synthetic polymers for in vivo application are reviewed. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm) was used as a model of synthetic affinity reagents. Incorporation of both sulfated carbohydrate and hydrophobic monomers into lightly crosslinked pNIPAm nanoparticles (NPs) captured and neutralized vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inhibited tumor growth upon intravenous injection into tumor-bearing mice. Modification of a liposome with the pNIPAm-based linear polymer increased the polymer circulation time after intravenous injection and improved the affinity for the target. The pNIPAm-based NPs delivered by oral administration captured the target small molecules and inhibited their absorption from the intestine. Our recent findings provide useful information for the design of synthetic polymers that capture target molecules in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Koide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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6
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Yasuno G, Koide H, Oku N, Asai T. Influence of Purification Process on the Function of Synthetic Polymer Nanoparticles. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:773-780. [PMID: 34334521 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional synthetic polymers can bind to target molecules and are therefore widely investigated in diagnostics, drug delivery carriers, and separation carriers. Because these polymers are synthesized from nonbiological components, purification processes (e.g., chromatography, dialysis, extraction, and centrifugation) must be conducted after the synthesis. Although several purification methods are used for polymer purification, few reports have revealed the influence of purification process on the functions of polymer. In this study, we demonstrated that the characteristics, function, and stability of synthetic polymer depend on the purification process. N-Isopropylacrylamide-based polymer nanoparticles (NPs) and melittin (i.e., honey bee venom) were used as a model of synthetic polymer and target toxic peptide, respectively. Synthesized NPs were purified by dialysis in methanol, acetone precipitation, or centrifugation. NPs purified by dialysis in ultrapure water were used as control NPs. Then, NP size, surface charge, toxin neutralization effect, and stability were determined. NP size did not considerably change by purification with centrifugation; however, it decreased by purification using dialysis in methanol and acetone precipitation compared with that of control NPs. The ζ-potential of NPs changed after each purification process compared with that of control NPs. The melittin neutralization efficiency of NPs depended on the purification process; i.e., it decreased by acetone precipitation and increased by dialysis in methanol and centrifugation compared with that of control NPs. Of note, the addition of methanol and acetone decreased NP stability. These studies implied the importance of considering the effect of the purification method on synthetic polymer function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Yasuno
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Hiroyuki Koide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Naoto Oku
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences.,Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University
| | - Tomohiro Asai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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7
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Nakamoto M, Escalante T, Gutiérrez JM, Shea KJ. A Biomimetic of Endogenous Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases: Inhibition Mechanism and Contribution of Composition, Polymer Size, and Shape to the Inhibitory Effect. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5663-5670. [PMID: 34181420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A biomimetic of endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) was engineered by introducing three binding elements to a synthetic tetrapolymer. We evaluated the contribution of composition, size, and shape of the TIMP-mimicking polymers to the inhibition of BaP1, a P-I class snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP). Inhibition was achieved when the size of the linear polymer (LP) was comparable to or greater than that of the enzyme, indicating the efficacy requires binding to a significant portion of the enzyme surface in the vicinity of the active site. The efficacy of a low cross-linked polymer hydrogel nanoparticle (NP) of substantially greater molecular weight was comparable to that of the LPs despite differences in size and shape, an important finding for in vivo applications. The abiotic TIMP was effective against two classes of SVMPs in whole snake venom. The results can serve as a design principle for biomimetic polymer inhibitors of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Nakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Teresa Escalante
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica
| | - José M Gutiérrez
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica
| | - Kenneth J Shea
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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8
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Koide H, Yamauchi I, Hoshino Y, Yasuno G, Okamoto T, Akashi S, Saito K, Oku N, Asai T. Design of abiotic polymer ligand-decorated lipid nanoparticles for effective neutralization of target toxins in the blood. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:5588-5598. [PMID: 34241600 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00515d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular toxins often induce inflammatory cytokine production, multiple-organ dysfunction, and cell death. Synthetic polymer ligands (PLs) prepared with several functional monomers have the potential of neutralizing target toxins after binding to them; therefore, they are of significant interest as abiotic antidotes. Although PLs show little toxin neutralization effect in the bloodstream because of immediate elimination from there, the toxin neutralization effect is significantly improved by the direct decoration of PLs onto lipid nanoparticles (PL-LNPs). However, this direct decoration decreases PL mobility, induces LNP aggregation after capturing the target, and decreases LNP blood circulation time. We designed novel PL-LNPs to improve PL mobility, inhibit the aggregation tendency after capturing the target, and increase LNP blood circulation time in order to achieve highly effective toxin neutralization in vivo. Specifically, LNPs were modified with PLs-conjugated polyethylene glycol (PEG), and additional PEG was used to modify the PL-decorated LNPs (PL-PEG-LNPs). Histones were used as target toxins, and N-isopropylacrylamide-based PLs were used for histone capture. PEGylation increased the plasma LNP level 24 h after intravenous injection by ∼90 times and inhibited LNP aggregation after histone capture. The dissociation constant (Kd) of PL-PEG-LNPs against histone was two times smaller compared to that of PL-LNPs. Although PL-LNPs inhibited histone-platelet interaction in the bloodstream, a large amount of histone-PL-LNP complexes accumulated in the lungs because of aggregation. However, PL-PEG-LNPs inhibited both histone-platelet interaction and histone accumulation in the lungs. Importantly, PL-PEG-LNP treatment increased the survival rate of histone-treated mice compared to PL-LNPs. These results provide a platform for the development of abiotic antidote nanoparticles in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Koide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Ikumi Yamauchi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Yu Hoshino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Go Yasuno
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Takumi Okamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Sotaro Akashi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Saito
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Naoto Oku
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan. and Laboratory of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Asai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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Koide H, Suzuki H, Ochiai H, Egami H, Hamashima Y, Oku N, Asai T. Enhancement of target toxin neutralization effect in vivo by PEGylation of multifunctionalized lipid nanoparticles. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 555:32-39. [PMID: 33812056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein (e.g., antibody-antigen) interactions comprise multiple weak interactions. We have previously reported that lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) bind to and neutralize target toxic peptides after multifunctionalization of the LNP surface (MF-LNPs) with amino acid derivatives that induce weak interactions; however, the MF-LNPs aggregated after target capture and showed short blood circulation times. Here we optimized polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified MF-LNPs (PEG-MF-LNPs) to inhibit the aggregation and increase the blood circulation time. Melittin was used as a target toxin, and MF-LNPs were prepared with negatively charged, hydrophobic, and neutral amino-acid-derivative-conjugated functional lipids. In this study, MF-LNPs modified with only PEG5k (PEG5k-MF-LNPs) and with both PEG5k and PEG2k (PEGmix-MF-LNPs) were prepared, where PEG5k and PEG2k represent PEG with a molecular weight of 5000 and 2000, respectively. PEGylation of the MF-LNPs did not decrease the melittin neutralization ability of nonPEGylated MF-LNPs, as tested by hemolysis assay. The PEGmix-MF-LNPs showed better blood circulation characteristics than the PEG5k-MF-LNPs. Although the nonPEGylated MF-LNPs immediately aggregated when mixed with melittin, the PEGmix-MF-LNPs did not aggregate. The PEGmix-MF-LNPs dramatically increased the survival rate of melittin-treated mice, whereas the nonPEGylated MF-LNPs increased slightly. These results provide a fundamental strategy to improve the in vivo toxin neutralization ability of MF-LNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Koide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Hikaru Suzuki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ochiai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Egami
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hamashima
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Naoto Oku
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Asai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
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Lee SH, Moody I, Zeng Z, Fleischer EB, Weiss GA, Shea KJ. Synthesis of a High Affinity Complementary Peptide–Polymer Nanoparticle (NP) Pair Using Phage Display. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2704-2712. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hui Lee
- School of Physical Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Issa Moody
- School of Physical Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Zhiyang Zeng
- School of Physical Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Everly B. Fleischer
- School of Physical Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Gregory A. Weiss
- School of Physical Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Shea
- School of Physical Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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12
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Poly (N-Vinyl caprolactam), a thermal responsive support with tunable phase transition temperature for catalyst. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Biomacromolecules and engineered materials can achieve molecular recognition if they engage their ligand with properly oriented and chemically complementary moieties. Recently, there has been significant interest in fabricating recognitive soft materials, which possess specific affinity for biological analytes. We present a summary and evaluation of current recognitive materials for biosensing, drug delivery, and regenerative medicine applications. We highlight the impact of material composition on the extent and specificity of ligand adsorption, citing new theoretical and empirical evidence. We conclude with a guide for synthesizing and characterizing novel recognitive materials, as well as recommendations for ligand selection and experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Clegg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Nicholas A Peppas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA. and McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX 78712, USA and Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Ave. Stop A1900, Austin, TX 78712, USA and Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, 1601 Trinity St., Bldg. B, Stop Z0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA and Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd., Austin, TX 7872, USA
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14
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Chen W, Tian X, He W, Li J, Feng Y, Pan G. Emerging functional materials based on chemically designed molecular recognition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s42833-019-0007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe specific interactions responsible for molecular recognition play a crucial role in the fundamental functions of biological systems. Mimicking these interactions remains one of the overriding challenges for advances in both fundamental research in biochemistry and applications in material science. However, current molecular recognition systems based on host–guest supramolecular chemistry rely on familiar platforms (e.g., cyclodextrins, crown ethers, cucurbiturils, calixarenes, etc.) for orienting functionality. These platforms limit the opportunity for diversification of function, especially considering the vast demands in modern material science. Rational design of novel receptor-like systems for both biological and chemical recognition is important for the development of diverse functional materials. In this review, we focus on recent progress in chemically designed molecular recognition and their applications in material science. After a brief introduction to representative strategies, we describe selected advances in these emerging fields. The developed functional materials with dynamic properties including molecular assembly, enzyme-like and bio-recognition abilities are highlighted. We have also selected materials with dynamic properties in contract to traditional supramolecular host–guest systems. Finally, the current limitations and some future trends of these systems are discussed.
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15
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Hoshino Y, Shimohara S, Wada Y, Nakamoto M, Miura Y. Affinity purification of multifunctional oligomeric ligands synthesizedviacontrolled radical polymerization. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:5597-5601. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00849d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic oligomeric ligands with a strong affinity for a target peptide sequence were isolated by affinity purification from a pool of 30-mer acrylic random ter-oligomers that were synthesizedviaa controlled radical polymerization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hoshino
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Shimohara
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
| | - Yusuke Wada
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakamoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
| | - Yoshiko Miura
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
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16
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Nowalk JA, Swisher JH, Meyer TY. Influence of Short-Range Scrambling of Monomer Order on the Hydrolysis Behaviors of Sequenced Degradable Polyesters. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. Nowalk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jordan H. Swisher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Tara Y. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
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17
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Okishima A, Koide H, Hoshino Y, Egami H, Hamashima Y, Oku N, Asai T. Design of Synthetic Polymer Nanoparticles Specifically Capturing Indole, a Small Toxic Molecule. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:1644-1654. [PMID: 30848887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers are of interest as stable and cost-effective biomolecule-affinity reagents, since these polymers interact with target biomolecules both in vitro and in the bloodstream. However, little has been reported about orally administered polymers capable of capturing a target molecule and inhibiting its intestinal absorption. Here, we describe the design of synthetic polymer nanoparticles (NPs) specifically capturing indole, a major factor exacerbating chronic kidney disease, in the intestine. N-isopropylacrylamide-based NPs were prepared with various hydrophobic monomers. The amounts of indole captured by NPs depended on the structures and feed ratios of the hydrophobic monomers and the polymer density but not on the particle size. The combination of hydrophobic and quadrupole interaction was effective to enhance the affinity and specificity of NPs for indole. The optimized NPs specifically inhibited intestinal absorption of orally administered indole in mice. These results showed the potential of synthetic polymer NPs for inhibiting the intestinal absorption of a target molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Okishima
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Shizuoka , 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku , Shizuoka , Shizuoka 422-8526 , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Shizuoka , 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku , Shizuoka , Shizuoka 422-8526 , Japan
| | - Yu Hoshino
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Hiromichi Egami
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Shizuoka , 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku , Shizuoka , Shizuoka 422-8526 , Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hamashima
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Shizuoka , 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku , Shizuoka , Shizuoka 422-8526 , Japan
| | - Naoto Oku
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Shizuoka , 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku , Shizuoka , Shizuoka 422-8526 , Japan.,Faculty of Pharma-Science , Teikyo University , 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku , Tokyo 173-8605 , Japan
| | - Tomohiro Asai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Shizuoka , 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku , Shizuoka , Shizuoka 422-8526 , Japan
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18
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Labie H, Perro A, Lapeyre V, Goudeau B, Catargi B, Auzély R, Ravaine V. Sealing hyaluronic acid microgels with oppositely-charged polypeptides: A simple strategy for packaging hydrophilic drugs with on-demand release. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 535:16-27. [PMID: 30273723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A simple route to deliver on demand hydrosoluble molecules such as peptides, packaged in biocompatible and biodegradable microgels, is presented. Hyaluronic acid hydrogel particles with a controlled structure are prepared using a microfluidic approach. Their porosity and their rigidity can be tuned by changing the crosslinking density. These negatively-charged polyelectrolytes interact strongly with positively-charged linear peptides such as poly-l-lysine (PLL). Their interactions induce microgel deswelling and inhibit microgel enzymatic degradability by hyaluronidase. While small PLL penetrate the whole volume of the microgel, PLL larger than the mesh size of the network remain confined at its periphery. They make a complexed layer with reduced pore size, which insulates the microgel inner core from the outer medium. Consequently, enzymatic degradation of the matrix is fully inhibited and non-affinity hydrophilic species can be trapped in the core. Indeed, negatively-charged or small neutral peptides, without interactions with the network, usually diffuse freely across the network. By simple addition of large PLL, they are packaged in the core and can be released on demand, upon introduction of an enzyme that degrades selectively the capping agent. Single polyelectrolyte layer appears as a simple generic method to coat hydrogel-based materials of various scales for encapsulation and controlled delivery of hydrosoluble molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Labie
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM, CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP, 16 Avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Adeline Perro
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM, CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP, 16 Avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Lapeyre
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM, CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP, 16 Avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Bertrand Goudeau
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM, CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP, 16 Avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | | | - Rachel Auzély
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), Affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier, 601 rue de la Chimie, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Valérie Ravaine
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM, CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP, 16 Avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France.
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19
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Liu M, Huang R, Weisman A, Yu X, Lee SH, Chen Y, Huang C, Hu S, Chen X, Tan W, Liu F, Chen H, Shea KJ. Synthetic Polymer Affinity Ligand for Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ab/Ac Protein: The Use of Biomimicry Based on the Bt Protein–Insect Receptor Binding Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6853-6864. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of California−Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Adam Weisman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California−Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shih-Hui Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California−Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Yalu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Senhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiuhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kenneth J. Shea
- Department of Chemistry, University of California−Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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20
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Koide H, Tsuchida H, Nakamoto M, Okishima A, Ariizumi S, Kiyokawa C, Asai T, Hoshino Y, Oku N. Rational designing of an antidote nanoparticle decorated with abiotic polymer ligands for capturing and neutralizing target toxins. J Control Release 2017; 268:335-342. [PMID: 29061513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many of macromolecular toxins induce cell death by directly interacting with cells or induction of inflammatory cytokines. Abiotic polymer ligands (PLs) composed of functional monomers are able to bind and neutralize toxins in vivo and are of great interest for efficient antidotes. However, little has been reported about recognition and neutralization of target molecules in the bloodstream because of readily elimination from the bloodstream. Here, we report a rational design of PLs-decorated lipid nanoparticles (PL-NPs) for neutralizing a target toxin in vivo. PL that decorated on the NPs would cooperatively interacts with target biomacromolecules since the lipid molecules in NPs have a high degree of freedom. In the present study, N-isopropylacrylamide based PLs interacting with histones, major mediators of sepsis, were synthesized. Affinity between PL-NPs and histones depends on monomer composition and polymer length. The optimized PL-NP showed little affinity for plasma proteins. The PL-NPs inhibited the toxicity of histones both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that PLs on the NPs cooperatively bound to histones and neutralized their toxicity. In addition, circulation time of optimized PL was significantly prolonged by the modification onto NPs. These results provide a platform for designing antidote nanoparticles neutralizing toxic biomacromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Koide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tsuchida
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakamoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Anna Okishima
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Saki Ariizumi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kiyokawa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Asai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yu Hoshino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Naoto Oku
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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21
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Cole JP, Hanlon AM, Rodriguez KJ, Berda EB. Protein‐like structure and activity in synthetic polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin P. Cole
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of New Hampshire23 Academic WayDurham New Hampshire03824
| | - Ashley M. Hanlon
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of New Hampshire23 Academic WayDurham New Hampshire03824
| | - Kyle J. Rodriguez
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of New Hampshire23 Academic WayDurham New Hampshire03824
| | - Erik B. Berda
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of New Hampshire23 Academic WayDurham New Hampshire03824
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22
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Li M, Song X, Zhang T, Zeng L, Xing J. Aggregation induced emission controlled by a temperature-sensitive organic–inorganic hybrid polymer with a particular LCST. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16244d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The fluorescence intensity change of TPE encapsulated in POSS–PNIPAM with a particular LCST (37.5 °C) with the temperature change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Xiaoyan Song
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Tingbin Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Lintao Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- China
| | - Jinfeng Xing
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
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23
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Lee H, Hoshino Y, Wada Y, Arata Y, Maruyama A, Miura Y. Minimization of Synthetic Polymer Ligands for Specific Recognition and Neutralization of a Toxic Peptide. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:10878-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haejoo Lee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yu Hoshino
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yusuke Wada
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuka Arata
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Atsushi Maruyama
- Department
of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259, Midori-ku,
Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Miura
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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