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Umeda K, Kobayashi K, Yamada H. Nanomechanics of self-assembled surfactants revealed by frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:4626-4634. [PMID: 35262133 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00369d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surfactants play a critical role in bottom-up nanotechnologies due to their peculiar nature of controlling the interfacial energy. Since their operational mechanism originates from the molecular-scale formation and disruption processes of molecular assemblies (i.e., micelles), conventional static-mode atomic force microscopy has made a significant contribution to unravel the detailed molecular pictures. Recently, we have successfully developed a local solvation measurement technique based on three-dimensional frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy, whose spatial resolution is not limited by jump-to-contact. Here, using this novel technique, we investigate molecular nanomechanics in the formation and disruption processes of micelles formed on a hydrophobic surface. Furthermore, an experiment employing a hetero-nanostructure reveals that the nanomechanics depends on the form of the molecular assembly. Namely, the hemifusion and disruption processes are peculiar to the micellar surface and cause a higher energy dissipation than the monolayer surface. The technique established in this study will be used as a generic technology for further development of bottom-up nanotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Umeda
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
- PRESTO/JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Kei Kobayashi
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Yamada
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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Loss of NECTIN1 triggers melanoma dissemination upon local IGF1 depletion. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1839-1852. [PMID: 36229674 PMCID: PMC9729115 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01191-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer genetics has uncovered many tumor-suppressor and oncogenic pathways, but few alterations have revealed mechanisms involved in tumor spreading. Here, we examined the role of the third most significant chromosomal deletion in human melanoma that inactivates the adherens junction gene NECTIN1 in 55% of cases. We found that NECTIN1 loss stimulates melanoma cell migration in vitro and spreading in vivo in both zebrafish and human tumors specifically in response to decreased IGF1 signaling. In human melanoma biopsy specimens, adherens junctions were seen exclusively in areas with low IGF1 levels, but not in NECTIN1-deficient tumors. Our study establishes NECTIN1 as a major determinant of melanoma dissemination and uncovers a genetic control of the response to microenvironmental signals.
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Makarova N, Kalaparthi V, Wang A, Williams C, Dokukin ME, Kaufman CK, Zon L, Sokolov I. Difference in biophysical properties of cancer-initiating cells in melanoma mutated zebrafish. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 107:103746. [PMID: 32364948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite sharing oncogenetic mutations, only a small number of cells within a given tissue will undergo malignant transformation. Biochemical and physical factors responsible for this cancer-initiation process are not well understood. Here we study biophysical differences of pre-melanoma and melanoma cells in a BRAFV600E/P53 zebrafish model. The AFM indentation technique was used to study the cancer-initiating cells while the surrounding melanocytes were the control. We observed a statistically significant decrease in the modulus of elasticity (the effective Young's modulus) of cancer-initiating cells compared to the surrounding melanocytes. No significant differences in the pericellular coat surrounding cells were observed. These results contribute to a better understanding of the factors responsible for the initiation of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Makarova
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Vivek Kalaparthi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Chris Williams
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - M E Dokukin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA; Sarov Physics and Technology Institute, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Sarov, Russian Federation
| | - Charles K Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - I Sokolov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA; Department of Physics, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
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4
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Nanoscale compositional mapping of cells, tissues, and polymers with ringing mode of atomic force microscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11828. [PMID: 28928471 PMCID: PMC5605548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently developed sub-resonance tapping modes (such as Digital Pulse, Peak Force Tapping, HybriD, etc.) of atomic force microscopy (AFM) allow imaging of compositional contrast of (bio)materials and biological cells down to the nanoscale. Here we report on a powerful extension of those modes, “ringing” mode, which more than doubles the number of non-trivial physical channels that can be collected with a regular sub-resonance tapping. It can simultaneously record five new additional compositional parameters related to adhesive and viscoelastic properties of the sample surface: the restored (averaged) adhesion, adhesion height, pull-off neck height, detachment distance, and detachment energy losses. Ringing mode can be up to 20 times faster and showing fewer artifacts compared to the existing sub-resonance tapping modes. Ringing mode is based on an analysis of ringing signal of the AFM cantilever after detaching the AFM probe from the sample surface (this signal is currently treated as noise, and typically filtered out in the existing modes). We demonstrate that this new mode allows recording robust and unique information on fixed human epithelial cells, corneocyte skin flakes, and polymers used for bioimplants.
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Dokukin M, Ablaeva Y, Kalaparthi V, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V, Sokolov I. Pericellular Brush and Mechanics of Guinea Pig Fibroblast Cells Studied with AFM. Biophys J 2017; 111:236-46. [PMID: 27410750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The atomic force microscopy (AFM) indentation method combined with the brush model can be used to separate the mechanical response of the cell body from deformation of the pericellular layer surrounding biological cells. Although self-consistency of the brush model to derive the elastic modulus of the cell body has been demonstrated, the model ability to characterize the pericellular layer has not been explicitly verified. Here we demonstrate it by using enzymatic removal of hyaluronic content of the pericellular brush for guinea pig fibroblast cells. The effect of this removal is clearly seen in the AFM force-separation curves associated with the pericellular brush layer. We further extend the brush model for brushes larger than the height of the AFM probe, which seems to be the case for fibroblast cells. In addition, we demonstrate that an extension of the brush model (i.e., double-brush model) is capable of detecting the hierarchical structure of the pericellular brush, which, for example, may consist of the pericellular coat and the membrane corrugation (microridges and microvilli). It allows us to quantitatively segregate the large soft polysaccharide pericellular coat from a relatively rigid and dense membrane corrugation layer. This was verified by comparison of the parameters of the membrane corrugation layer derived from the force curves collected on untreated cells (when this corrugation membrane part is hidden inside the pericellular brush layer) and on treated cells after the enzymatic removal of the pericellular coat part (when the corrugations are exposed to the AFM probe). We conclude that the brush model is capable of not only measuring the mechanics of the cell body but also the parameters of the pericellular brush layer, including quantitative characterization of the pericellular layer structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Dokukin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Yulija Ablaeva
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | | | - Andrei Seluanov
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.
| | - Igor Sokolov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts; Department of Physics, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts.
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Dokukin ME, Kuroki H, Minko S, Sokolov I. AFM Study of Polymer Brush Grafted to Deformable Surfaces: Quantitative Properties of the Brush and Substrate Mechanics. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hidenori Kuroki
- Kanagawa Academy
of Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan
| | - Sergiy Minko
- Nanostructured
Materials Lab, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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