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Liu W, Li Q, Han Q. Needle-in-needle electrochemical sensor for in-vivo monitoring of anticancer drug etoposide. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 258:116348. [PMID: 38710143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) serves as a potent tool for adjusting drug concentration within a reasonable range. However, continuous monitoring of anticancer drugs in-vivo presents a significant challenge. Herein, we propose a needle-in-needle electrochemical sensor based on an acupuncture needle electrode, capable of monitoring the anticancer drug etoposide in the peritoneal cavity of living rats. The acupuncture needle was modified with Au nanoparticles and etoposide-templated molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), resulting in high sensitivity and selectivity in the electrochemical detection of etoposide. The modified acupuncture needle (0.16 mm diameter) was anchored inside a syringe needle (1.40 mm diameter), allowing the outer syringe needle to protect the modified materials of the inner acupuncture needle during skin piercing. Due to the unique needle-in-needle design, high stability was obtained during in-vivo etoposide monitoring. Connecting to a smartphone-controlled portable electrochemical workstation, the needle-in-needle sensor offers great convenience in point-of-care TDM. Moreover, the electrode materials on the acupuncture needle were carefully characterized and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, low detection limits and wide linear range were achieved. This work provides new insights into acupuncture needle electrochemical sensors and further expands the feasibility for real-time and in-vivo detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Qiuyun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Qiushuo Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
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2
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Yu H, Hu M, Wang X, Wang X, Xun L, Liu H. Rapid Detection of the Anti-Tumor Drug Etoposide in Biological Samples by Using a Nanoporous-Gold-Based Electrochemical Sensor. Molecules 2024; 29:1060. [PMID: 38474572 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Monitoring etoposide is important due to its wide usage in anti-tumor therapy; however, the commonly used HPLC method is expensive and often requires complicated extraction and detection procedures. Electrochemical analysis has great application prospects because of its rapid response and high specificity, sensitivity, and efficiency with low cost and high convenience. In this study, we constructed a nanoporous gold (NPG)-modified GCE for the detection of etoposide. The electrochemical oxidation of etoposide by NPG caused a sensitive current peak at +0.27 V with good reproductivity in 50 mM of phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The relationship between etoposide concentration and peak current was linear in the range between 0.1 and 20 μM and between 20 and 150 μM, with a detection sensitivity of 681.8 μA mM-1 cm-2 and 197.2 μA mM-1 cm-2, respectively, and a limit of detection (LOD) reaching 20 nM. The electrode had a good anti-interference ability to several common anions and cations. Spiked recovery tests in serum, urine, and fermentation broth verified the excellent performance of the sensor in terms of sensitivity, reproducibility, and specificity. This may provide a promising tool for the detection of etoposide in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mengjie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7520, USA
| | - Honglei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
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3
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Tariq A, Arif A, Akram M, Latif U, Nawaz MH, Andreescu S, Zhang H, Hayat A. Tailoring molecular recognition in predesigned multifunctional enzyme mimicking porphyrin imprinted interface for high affinity and differential selectivity; sensing etoposide in lung cancer patients. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 245:115833. [PMID: 37984317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes are cost-effective and robust but they lack specificity and selectivity, limiting their potential practical applications. Herein, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were grown in combination with multifunctional 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-21H,23H-porphyrin (THPP) oxidase-like nanozyme to engineer THPP@MIP interface with high affinities and differential selectivity for structurally related target analytes. THPP nanozyme displayed a high level of predefined binding affinity for etoposide (ETO), and served as a predesigned functional monomer to rationally tailor the selectivity of THPP@MIP surface in the presence of different guest molecules. THPP nanozyme in combination with conventional monomers was imprinted on a portable and disposable cellulose paper matrix under UV light to create a UV-cured imprinted interface for optical detection of ETO. The THPP@MIP enzyme mimicking interface, having ETO specific and selective target recognition pockets, catalyzed the oxidation of colorless 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to generate visible blue oxidized TMB (oxTMB) without exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The ETO binding on the THPP@MIP surface blocked the channels for TMB access to THPP cavities. The THPP@MIP sensor permitted to detect ETO in the linear range of 0.005-10 μg mL-1, with a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.002 μg mL-1, and showed a remarkable specificity and selectivity against other drug molecules. Furthermore, the THPP@MIP sensor successfully differentiated the serum samples of lung cancer patients and healthy volunteers. The obtained results were validated with standard High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) analysis of the serum samples. Additionally, ETO injection/infusion solutions and ETO-free serum samples were used to perform the matrix effect and recovery studies. This work demonstrates that molecular imprinting with predesigned, enzyme mimicking, high-affinity functional monomer can serve as a highly selective and specific universal interface for broad spectrum sensing applications in various analytical domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Tariq
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, PO Box 250353, Jinan, Shandong, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan; Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amina Arif
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Usman Latif
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mian Hasnain Nawaz
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699-5810, USA
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, PO Box 250353, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Akhtar Hayat
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, PO Box 250353, Jinan, Shandong, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
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Louw CJ, de Haan P, Verpoorte E, Baker P. Efficient Electrochemiluminescence Sensing in Microfluidic Biosensors: A Review. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 2024; 52:41-62. [PMID: 38523440 DOI: 10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.2023049565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices are capable of handling 10-9 L to 10-18 L of fluids by incorporating tiny channels with dimensions of ten to hundreds of micrometers, and they can be fabricated using a wide range of materials including glass, silicon, polymers, paper, and cloth for tailored sensing applications. Microfluidic biosensors integrated with detection methods such as electrochemiluminescence (ECL) can be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. Coupled with ECL, these tandem devices are capable of sensing biomarkers at nanomolar to picomolar concentrations, reproducibly. Measurement at this low level of concentration makes microfluidic electrochemiluminescence (MF-ECL) devices ideal for biomarker detection in the context of early warning systems for diseases such as myocardial infarction, cancer, and others. However, the technology relies on the nature and inherent characteristics of an efficient luminophore. The luminophore typically undergoes a redox process to generate excited species which emit energy in the form of light upon relaxation to lower energy states. Therefore, in biosensor design the efficiency of the luminophore is critical. This review is focused on the integration of microfluidic devices with biosensors and using electrochemiluminescence as a detection method. We highlight the dual role of carbon quantum dots as a luminophore and co-reactant in electrochemiluminescence analysis, drawing on their unique properties that include large specific surface area, easy functionalization, and unique luminescent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clementine Juliat Louw
- SensorLab, Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pim de Haan
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Verpoorte
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Priscilla Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape Bellville, 7535, Republic of South Africa
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Topkaya C, Aslan S, Hökelek T, Göktürk T, Kıncal S, Altuntaş DB, Güp R. Syntheses, crystal structures, hirshfeld surface analyses and electrochemical etoposide/camptotechin sensor applications of acetaldehyde oxime derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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6
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Brycht M, Poltorak L, Baluchová S, Sipa K, Borgul P, Rudnicki K, Skrzypek S. Electrochemistry as a Powerful Tool for Investigations of Antineoplastic Agents: A Comprehensive Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-92. [PMID: 35968923 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2106117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is most frequently treated with antineoplastic agents (ANAs) that are hazardous to patients undergoing chemotherapy and the healthcare workers who handle ANAs in the course of their duties. All aspects related to hazardous oncological drugs illustrate that the monitoring of ANAs is essential to minimize the risks associated with these drugs. Among all analytical techniques used to test ANAs, electrochemistry holds an important position. This review, for the first time, comprehensively describes the progress done in electrochemistry of ANAs by means of a variety of bare or modified (bio)sensors over the last four decades (in the period of 1982-2021). Attention is paid not only to the development of electrochemical sensing protocols of ANAs in various biological, environmental, and pharmaceutical matrices but also to achievements of electrochemical techniques in the examination of the interactions of ANAs with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), carcinogenic cells, biomimetic membranes, peptides, and enzymes. Other aspects, including the enantiopurity studies, differentiation between single-stranded and double-stranded DNA without using any label or tag, studies on ANAs degradation, and their pharmacokinetics, by means of electrochemical techniques are also commented. Finally, concluding remarks that underline the existence of a significant niche for the basic electrochemical research that should be filled in the future are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Brycht
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Lukasz Poltorak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Simona Baluchová
- Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Charles University, Prague 2, Czechia
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Karolina Sipa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Borgul
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Konrad Rudnicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sławomira Skrzypek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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7
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Dong S, Guo L, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Yang Z, Xiang M. Three-dimensional loofah sponge derived amorphous carbon−graphene aerogel via one-pot synthesis for high-performance electrochemical sensor for hydrogen peroxide and dopamine. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Mathad AS, Seetharamappa J, Kalanur SS. β-Cyclodextrin anchored neem carbon dots for enhanced electrochemical sensing performance of an anticancer drug, lapatinib via host-guest inclusion. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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An Overview of the Recent Developments in Carbon Quantum Dots—Promising Nanomaterials for Metal Ion Detection and (Bio)Molecule Sensing. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9060138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) represent an emerging subset of carbonaceous nanomaterials, recently becoming a powerful tool for biosensing, bioimaging, and drug and gene delivery. In general, carbon dots are defined as zero-dimensional (0D), spherical-like nanoparticles with <10 nm in size. Their unique chemical, optical, and electronic properties make CQDs versatile materials for a wide spectrum of applications, mainly for the sensing and biomedical purposes. Due to their good biocompatibility, water solubility, and relatively facile modification, these novel materials have attracted tremendous interest in recent years, which is especially important for nanotechnology and nanoscience expertise. The preparation of the biomass-derived CQDs has attracted growing interest recently due to their low-cost, renewable, and green biomass resources, presenting also the variability of possible modification for the enhancement of CQDs’ properties. This review is primarily focused on the recent developments in carbon dots and their application in the sensing of different chemical species within the last five years. Furthermore, special emphasis has been made regarding the green approaches for obtaining CQDs and nanomaterial characterization toward better understanding the mechanisms of photoluminescent behavior and sensing performance. In addition, some of the challenges and future outlooks in CQDs research have been briefly outlined.
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10
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Hassanvand Z, Jalali F, Nazari M, Parnianchi F, Santoro C. Carbon Nanodots in Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors: A Review. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maryam Nazari
- Faculty of Chemistry Razi University Kermanshah Iran
| | | | - Carlo Santoro
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science The University of Manchester The Mill Sackville Street Manchester M13PAL UK
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11
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Ghalkhani M, Kaya SI, Bakirhan NK, Ozkan Y, Ozkan SA. Application of Nanomaterials in Development of Electrochemical Sensors and Drug Delivery Systems for Anticancer Drugs and Cancer Biomarkers. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:481-503. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1808442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Ghalkhani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sariye Irem Kaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurgul K. Bakirhan
- Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yalcin Ozkan
- Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel A. Ozkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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A New Nanocomposite Electrode of Carbon Quantum Dots Doped Functionalized Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes for Lethal Mercury Sensing. J CLUST SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-020-01770-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Bonet-San-Emeterio M, Algarra M, Petković M, Del Valle M. Modification of electrodes with N-and S-doped carbon dots. Evaluation of the electrochemical response. Talanta 2020; 212:120806. [PMID: 32113568 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen and sulphur-doped Carbons Dots (N-CDs and S-CDs) were synthesized by a hydrothermal method and incorporated as surface electrode modifiers to evaluate their properties for electrochemical sensing. The first task was to characterize the synthesized materials, for which different spectroscopies, scanning microscopes, mass spectrometry and elementary analysis were performed. Next, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was surface-modified with the doped CDs and applied to check the electrochemical signal of different organic compounds corresponding to different families. Water solubility of the doped carbon dots forced us to incorporate them in a graphite-polystyrene ink to complete the modification of electrodes. This modification needed a first activation to obtain a properly conductive surface. The organic compounds examined were salicylic acid, cysteine and ascorbic acid. The modified GCEs exhibited an enhanced sensitivity, probably caused by the increase of active surface, but in addition, signals of salicylic acid were shifted ca. 200 mV to lower potentials, what is a proof of the increase of the heterogeneous electron transfer rate, and a demonstration of an enhanced catalytic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bonet-San-Emeterio
- Sensors and Biosensors Group, Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Algarra
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Marijana Petković
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Manel Del Valle
- Sensors and Biosensors Group, Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Vajedi FS, Dehghani H. A high-sensitive electrochemical DNA biosensor based on a novel ZnAl/layered double hydroxide modified cobalt ferrite-graphene oxide nanocomposite electrophoretically deposited onto FTO substrate for electroanalytical studies of etoposide. Talanta 2020; 208:120444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Plácido J, Bustamante-López S, Meissner KE, Kelly DE, Kelly SL. NanoRefinery of carbonaceous nanomaterials: Complementing dairy manure gasification and their applications in cellular imaging and heavy metal sensing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:10-20. [PMID: 31260895 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This article describes an efficient method, combining chemical oxidation and acetone extraction, to produce carbonaceous nanomaterials from dairy manure biochar. The optical and mechanical properties are similar to methods previously reported carbonaceous nanomaterials from biomass. Our novel process cuts the processing time in half and drastically reduces the energy input required. The acetone extraction produced 10 fractions with dairy manure biochar-derived carbonaceous nanomaterials (DMB-CNs). The fraction with the carbonaceous nanomaterials, DMB-CN-E1, with highest fluorescence was selected for in-depth characterisation and for initial testing across a range of applications. DMB-CN-E1 was characterised using atomic force microscope, electrophoresis, and spectrophotometric methods. DMB-CN-E1 exhibited a lateral dimension between 11 and 28 nm, a negative charge, and excitation/emission maxima at 337/410 nm, respectively. The bioimaging potential of DMB-CN-E1 evidenced different locations and different interactions with the cellular models evaluated. DMB-CN-E1 was quenched by several heavy metal ions showing a future application of these materials in heavy metal ion detection and/or removal. The demonstrated capabilities in bioimaging and environmental sensing create the opportunity for generating added-value nanomaterials (NanoRefinery) from dairy manure biochar gasification and, thus, increasing the economic viability of gasification plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Plácido
- Institute of Life Science (ILS 1), Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.
| | - S Bustamante-López
- Institute of Life Science (ILS 1), Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK; Department of Physics, Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - K E Meissner
- Department of Physics, Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - D E Kelly
- Institute of Life Science (ILS 1), Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - S L Kelly
- Institute of Life Science (ILS 1), Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.
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16
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Karthikeyan R, Nelson DJ, Ajith A, John SA. Hetero atoms doped carbon dots modified electrodes for the sensitive and selective determination of phenolic anti-oxidant in coconut oil. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Carbon and graphene quantum dots (CQDs and GQDs), known as zero-dimensional (0D) nanomaterials, have been attracting increasing attention in sensing and bioimaging. Their unique electronic, fluorescent, photoluminescent, chemiluminescent, and electrochemiluminescent properties are what gives them potential in sensing. In this Review, we summarize the basic knowledge on CQDs and GQDs before focusing on their application to sensing thus far followed by a discussion of future directions for research into CQDs- and GQD-based nanomaterials in sensing. With regard to the latter, the authors suggest that with the potential of these nanomaterials in sensing more research is needed on understanding their optical properties and why the synthetic methods influence their properties so much, into methods of surface functionalization that provide greater selectivity in sensing and into new sensing concepts that utilize the virtues of these nanomaterials to give us new or better sensors that could not be achieved in other ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiu Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jingquan Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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18
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Campuzano S, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Pingarrón JM. Carbon Dots and Graphene Quantum Dots in Electrochemical Biosensing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E634. [PMID: 31010125 PMCID: PMC6523669 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and carbon dots (CDs) are among the latest research frontiers in carbon-based nanomaterials. They provide interesting attributes to current electrochemical biosensing due to their intrinsic low toxicity, high solubility in many solvents, excellent electronic properties, robust chemical inertness, large specific surface area, abundant edge sites for functionalization, great biocompatibility, low cost, and versatility, as well as their ability for modification with attractive surface chemistries and other modifiers/nanomaterials. In this review article, the use of GQDs and CDs as signal tags or electrode surface modifiers to develop electrochemical biosensing strategies is critically discussed through the consideration of representative approaches reported in the last five years. The advantages and disadvantages arising from the use of GQDs and CDs in this context are outlined together with the still required work to fulfil the characteristics needed to achieve suitable electrochemical enzymatic and affinity biosensors with applications in the real world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Campuzano
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paloma Yáñez-Sedeño
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José M Pingarrón
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Özkan A, Atar N, Yola ML. Enhanced surface plasmon resonance (SPR) signals based on immobilization of core-shell nanoparticles incorporated boron nitride nanosheets: Development of molecularly imprinted SPR nanosensor for anticancer drug, etoposide. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 130:293-298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Arthur PK, Yeboah AB, Issah I, Balapangu S, Kwofie SK, Asimeng BO, Foster EJ, Tiburu EK. Electrochemical Response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Corresponds to Cell Viability upon Exposure to Dioclea reflexa Seed Extracts and Antifungal Drugs. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2019; 9:bios9010045. [PMID: 30897802 PMCID: PMC6468906 DOI: 10.3390/bios9010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dioclea reflexa bioactive compounds have been shown to contain antioxidant properties. The extracts from the same plant are used in traditional medical practices to treat various diseases with impressive outcomes. In this study, ionic mobility in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells in the presence of D. reflexa seed extracts was monitored using electrochemical detection methods to link cell death to ionic imbalance. Cells treated with ethanol, methanol, and water extracts were studied using cyclic voltammetry and cell counting to correlate electrochemical behavior and cell viability, respectively. The results were compared with cells treated with pore-forming Amphotericin b (Amp b), as well as Fluconazole (Flu) and the antimicrobial drug Rifampicin (Rif). The D. reflexa seed water extract (SWE) revealed higher anodic peak current with 58% cell death. Seed methanol extract (SME) and seed ethanol extract (SEE) recorded 31% and 22% cell death, respectively. Among the three control drugs, Flu revealed the highest cell death of about 64%, whereas Amp b and Rif exhibited cell deaths of 35% and 16%, respectively, after 8 h of cell growth. It was observed that similar to SWE, there was an increase in the anodic peak current in the presence of different concentrations of Amp b, which also correlated with enhanced cell death. It was concluded from this observation that Amp b and SWE might follow similar mechanisms to inhibit cell growth. Thus, the individual bioactive compounds from the water extracts of D. reflexa seeds could further be purified and tested to validate their potential therapeutic application. The strategy to link electrochemical behavior to biochemical responses could be a simple, fast, and robust screening technique for new drug targets and to understand the mechanism of action of such drugs against disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Kobina Arthur
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana.
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana.
| | - Anthony Boadi Yeboah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon P.O. Box LG 25, Ghana.
| | - Ibrahim Issah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon P.O. Box LG 25, Ghana.
| | - Srinivasan Balapangu
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon P.O. Box LG 25, Ghana.
| | - Samuel K Kwofie
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon P.O. Box LG 25, Ghana.
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Bernard O Asimeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon P.O. Box LG 25, Ghana.
| | - E Johan Foster
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Elvis K Tiburu
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon P.O. Box LG 25, Ghana.
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Plácido J, Bustamante-López S, Meissner KE, Kelly DE, Kelly SL. Microalgae biochar-derived carbon dots and their application in heavy metal sensing in aqueous systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:531-539. [PMID: 30529956 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This research seeks a coupled solution for managing the large amounts of biochar produced by microalgae biofuel production, and the necessity for novel, economic and accurate heavy metal sensing methods. Therefore, this study evaluated the transformation of microalgae biochar (MAB) into carbon dots (Cdots) and their subsequent application as heavy metal ion sensors in aqueous systems. The experimental phase included the transformation of MAB into microalgae biochar-derived carbon dots (MAB-Cdots), MAB-Cdot characterisation and the evaluation of the MAB-Cdots as transducers for the detection of four heavy metal ions (Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+). MAB-Cdot fluorescence was stable over a wide range of pH and resistant to photo-bleaching, making them suitable as fluorescence probes. The MAB-Cdot fluorescence was quenched by all of the metal ions and displayed different quenching levels. Depending upon the ions involved, MAB-Cdots were used to detect the presence of heavy metal ions from concentrations of 0.012 μM up to 2 mM by measuring the reduction in fluorescence intensity. Neutral and slightly alkaline pHs were optimal for Cu2+ Ni2+ and Pb2+ heavy metal quenching. To quantify the concentration of the heavy metal ions, linear and logarithmic functions were used to model the MAB-Cdot fluorescence quenching. The sensing mechanism was determined to be reversible and purely collisional with some fluorophores less accessible than the others. This work demonstrated the ability to produce Cdots from microalgae biochar, examined their application as a transducer for detecting heavy metal ions in aqueous systems and paves the way for novel sensing systems using MAB-Cdots.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Plácido
- Institute of Life Science (ILS 1), Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.
| | - S Bustamante-López
- Department of Physics, Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - K E Meissner
- Department of Physics, Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - D E Kelly
- Institute of Life Science (ILS 1), Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - S L Kelly
- Institute of Life Science (ILS 1), Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.
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Selective Electrochemical Determination of Etoposide Using a Molecularly Imprinted Overoxidized Polypyrrole Coated Glassy Carbon Electrode. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/5394235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and efficient new electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer has been developed for selective detection of an anticancer agent Etoposide (ETP). The sensor was prepared by electropolymerization via cyclic voltammetry (CV) of pyrrole onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in the presence of ETP molecules. The extraction of ETP molecules embedded in the polymeric matrix was carried out by overoxidation in sodium hydroxide medium using CV. Various important parameters affecting the performance of the imprinted film (MIP) coated sensor were studied and optimized using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Under optimal conditions, the sensor response exhibited a linear dependence on ETP concentration (R2= 0.999) over the range 5.0×10−7M – 1.0×10−5M with a LOD (3σ/m) of 2.8×10−9M. The precision (% RSD, n=6) of the proposed sensor for intra- and interdays was found to be 0.84 and 2.46%, respectively. The selectivity of MIP/GCE sensor toward ETP was investigated in the presence of different interfering molecules including excipients and ETP metabolites. The developed sensor showed great recognition ability toward ETP and was successfully applied for its determination in injectable dosage forms and biological human fluids.
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Nekoueian K, Amiri M, Sillanpää M, Marken F, Boukherroub R, Szunerits S. Carbon-based quantum particles: an electroanalytical and biomedical perspective. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4281-4316. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00445e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-based quantum particles, especially spherical carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and nanosheets like graphene quantum dots (GQDs), are an emerging class of quantum dots with unique properties owing to their quantum confinement effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Nekoueian
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
- Ardabil
- Iran
- Department of Green Chemistry
| | - Mandana Amiri
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
- Ardabil
- Iran
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Department of Green Chemistry
- School of Engineering Science
- Lappeenranta University of Technology
- Finland
| | - Frank Marken
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
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Au/Pd@rGO nanocomposite decorated with poly (L-Cysteine) as a probe for simultaneous sensitive electrochemical determination of anticancer drugs, Ifosfamide and Etoposide. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 120:22-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kudr J, Richtera L, Xhaxhiu K, Hynek D, Heger Z, Zitka O, Adam V. Carbon dots based FRET for the detection of DNA damage. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 92:133-139. [PMID: 28213325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Here, we aimed our attention at the synthesis of carbon dots (C-dots) with the ability to interact with DNA to suggest an approach for the detection of DNA damage. Primarily, C-dots modified with amine moieties were synthesized using the one-step microwave pyrolysis of citric acid in the presence of diethylenetriamine. The C-dots showed strong photoluminescence with a quantum yield of 4%. In addition, the C-dots (2.8±0.8nm) possessed a good colloidal stability and exhibited a positive surface charge (ζ=36mV) at a neutral pH. An interaction study of the C-dots and the DNA fragment of λ bacteriophage was performed, and the DNA binding resulted in changes to the photoluminescent and absorption properties of the C-dots. A binding of the C-dots to DNA was also observed as a change to DNA electrophoretic mobility and a decreased ability to intercalate ethidium bromide (EtBr). Moreover, the Förster (or fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the C-dots and EtBr was studied, in which the C-dots serve as an excitation energy donor and the EtBr serves as an acceptor. When DNA was damaged using ultraviolet (UV) radiation (λ=254nm) and hydroxyl radicals, the intensity of the emitted photoluminescence at 612nm significantly decreased. The concept was proved on analysis of the genomic DNA from PC-3 cells and DNA isolated from melanoma tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Kudr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czechia
| | - Lukas Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czechia; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Kledi Xhaxhiu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Blv. Zog I, No. 2/1, 1001 Tirana, Albania
| | - David Hynek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czechia; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czechia; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czechia; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czechia; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czechia.
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Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensing Using Carbon Quantum Dots Decorated with Copper Oxide Nanoparticles. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16101720. [PMID: 27763533 PMCID: PMC5087507 DOI: 10.3390/s16101720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Perturbations in glucose homeostasis is critical for human health, as hyperglycemia (defining diabetes) leads to premature death caused by macrovascular and microvascular complications. However, the simple and accurate detection of glucose in the blood at low cost remains a challenging task, although it is of great importance for the diagnosis and therapy of diabetic patients. In this work, carbon quantum dots decorated with copper oxide nanostructures (CQDs/Cu2O) are prepared by a simple hydrothermal approach, and their potential for electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensing is evaluated. The proposed sensor exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity towards glucose oxidation in alkaline solutions. The glucose sensor is characterized by a wide concentration range from 6 µM to 6 mM, a sensitivity of 2.9 ± 0.2 µA·µM−1·cm−2, and a detection limit of 6 µM at a signal-to-noise ratio S/N = 3. The sensors are successfully applied for glucose determination in human serum samples, demonstrating that the CQDs/Cu2O-based glucose sensor satisfies the requirements of complex sample detection with adapted potential for therapeutic diagnostics.
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Pedrero M, Campuzano S, Pingarrón JM. Electrochemical (Bio)sensing of Clinical Markers Using Quantum Dots. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Pedrero
- Departamento de Química Analítica.; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas.; Universidad Complutense de Madrid. E-; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Susana Campuzano
- Departamento de Química Analítica.; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas.; Universidad Complutense de Madrid. E-; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - José M. Pingarrón
- Departamento de Química Analítica.; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas.; Universidad Complutense de Madrid. E-; 28040 Madrid Spain
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