1
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Bai Y, Fei J, Wu W, Dou L, Liu M, Shao S, Yu W, Wen K, Shen J, Wang Z. Minimum Distance Between Two Epitopes in Sandwich Immunoassays for Small Molecules. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17843-17852. [PMID: 36519948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The pursuit of the limit between dimensionalities is a scientific goal with high applicability. Sandwich immunoassay, usually based on two antibodies binding two epitopes, is one of the most popular mainstay tools in both academic and industrial fields. Herein, we determined and evaluated the minimum distance of two epitopes in sandwich immunoassays for small molecules. Briefly, nine model analytes comprising two hapten epitopes, that is, melamine (MEL) and p-nitroaniline (NIA), were designed by increasing the linear chain linkers brick by brick. Two groups of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced with different recognition properties toward MEL and NIA using 12 new haptens with different spacer arms. The results indicated that two epitopes of the analyte with a distance of only 2.4 Å could be simultaneously bound by two mAbs, which is the known limit of epitope distance in sandwich immunoassays thus far. We further found that an epitope distance of below 8.8 Å for the analyte generally induces noticeable steric hindrance of antibodies, preventing a sandwich immunoassay with high probability. These observations were investigated and evaluated by molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and surface plasmon resonance and using model and real analytes. Altogether, we determined the minimum distance of two epitopes and explored the molecular mechanism of the antibody-analyte-antibody ternary complex in sandwich immunoassays, providing a theoretical basis for hapten design, antibody discovery and development, and sandwich immunoassay establishment for small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 030001 Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Fei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilin Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Leina Dou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Minggang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibei Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
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2
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Zahrt AF, Mo Y, Nandiwale KY, Shprints R, Heid E, Jensen KF. Machine-Learning-Guided Discovery of Electrochemical Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22599-22610. [PMID: 36459170 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The molecular structures synthesizable by organic chemists dictate the molecular functions they can create. The invention and development of chemical reactions are thus critical for chemists to access new and desirable functional molecules in all disciplines of organic chemistry. This work seeks to expedite the exploration of emerging areas of organic chemistry by devising a machine-learning-guided workflow for reaction discovery. Specifically, this study uses machine learning to predict competent electrochemical reactions. To this end, we first develop a molecular representation that enables the production of general models with limited training data. Next, we employ automated experimentation to test a large number of electrochemical reactions. These reactions are categorized as competent or incompetent mixtures, and a classification model was trained to predict reaction competency. This model is used to screen 38,865 potential reactions in silico, and the predictions are used to identify a number of reactions of synthetic or mechanistic interest, 80% of which are found to be competent. Additionally, we provide the predictions for the 38,865-member set in the hope of accelerating the development of this field. We envision that adopting a workflow such as this could enable the rapid development of many fields of chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Zahrt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02142, United States
| | - Yiming Mo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02142, United States.,College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Kakasaheb Y Nandiwale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02142, United States
| | - Ron Shprints
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02142, United States
| | - Esther Heid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02142, United States.,Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna1060, Austria
| | - Klavs F Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02142, United States
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3
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Lu X, Luo Z, Huang R, Lo DC, Huang W. High-Throughput Platform for Novel Reaction Discovery. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201421. [PMID: 35766989 PMCID: PMC11033702 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Detecting the formation of new chemical bonds in high-throughput synthesis is limited by the efficiency and scalability of reaction product detection, as conventional methods for isolating product from reaction mixtures are time consuming and labor intensive. Here, we report a miniaturizable purification method that enables the rapid, high-throughput isolation of quaternary ammonium-tagged products from reaction mixtures with excellent purity using inexpensive equipment that easily can be set up in a typical organic chemistry laboratory. This novel purification technique enabled us to establish a high-throughput reaction discovery platform. We validated this platform in a screen of 1536 reactions, and one previously unreported transformation was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lu
- Therapeutic Development Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Zhiji Luo
- Therapeutic Development Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ruili Huang
- Chemical Genomics Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Donald C. Lo
- Therapeutic Development Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Wenwei Huang
- Therapeutic Development Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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4
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Ramos De Dios SM, Tiwari VK, McCune CD, Dhokale RA, Berkowitz DB. Biomacromolecule-Assisted Screening for Reaction Discovery and Catalyst Optimization. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13800-13880. [PMID: 35904776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reaction discovery and catalyst screening lie at the heart of synthetic organic chemistry. While there are efforts at de novo catalyst design using computation/artificial intelligence, at its core, synthetic chemistry is an experimental science. This review overviews biomacromolecule-assisted screening methods and the follow-on elaboration of chemistry so discovered. All three types of biomacromolecules discussed─enzymes, antibodies, and nucleic acids─have been used as "sensors" to provide a readout on product chirality exploiting their native chirality. Enzymatic sensing methods yield both UV-spectrophotometric and visible, colorimetric readouts. Antibody sensors provide direct fluorescent readout upon analyte binding in some cases or provide for cat-ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay)-type readouts. DNA biomacromolecule-assisted screening allows for templation to facilitate reaction discovery, driving bimolecular reactions into a pseudo-unimolecular format. In addition, the ability to use DNA-encoded libraries permits the barcoding of reactants. All three types of biomacromolecule-based screens afford high sensitivity and selectivity. Among the chemical transformations discovered by enzymatic screening methods are the first Ni(0)-mediated asymmetric allylic amination and a new thiocyanopalladation/carbocyclization transformation in which both C-SCN and C-C bonds are fashioned sequentially. Cat-ELISA screening has identified new classes of sydnone-alkyne cycloadditions, and DNA-encoded screening has been exploited to uncover interesting oxidative Pd-mediated amido-alkyne/alkene coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Virendra K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Christopher D McCune
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Ranjeet A Dhokale
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - David B Berkowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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5
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Takao J, Endo T, Hisamoto H, Sueyoshi K. Direct Measurement of Initial Rate of Enzyme Reaction by Electrokinetic Filtration Using a Hydrogel-plugged Capillary Device. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:1439-1446. [PMID: 33840683 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21p067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel electrokinetic filtration device using a plugged hydrogel was developed to directly measure the initial rate of enzyme reactions. In the proposed method, the enzyme reaction proceeded only for a short time when the substrate was passed through a thin layer of enzyme trapped by the hydrogel without any lag times for mixing and detection. In experimental conditions, alkaline phosphatase (enzyme) was filtrated at a cathodic-side interface of the plugged hydrogel by molecular sieving effect, providing the thin enzyme zone whose thickness was approximately 100 μm. When 4-methylumberiferyl phosphate (substrate) was electrokinetically introduced into the device after trapping the enzyme, 4-methylumberiferone (product) was generated by the enzyme reaction for only 1.26 s as the substrate passed through the trapped enzyme zone. As a result, the initial rate of the enzyme reaction could be directly calculated to 31.0 μM/s by simply dividing the concentration of the product by the tunable reaction time. Compared to the initial rate obtained by mixing the enzyme and substrate solutions, the value of the maximum velocity of the enzyme reaction was 30-fold larger than that in the mixing method due to the preconcentration of the enzyme by trapping. The Michaelis-Menten constant in the proposed method was 2.7-fold larger than that in the mixing method, suggesting the variation of changes in the equilibrium of complex formation under the experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junku Takao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Tatsuro Endo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Hideaki Hisamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Kenji Sueyoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University.,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO)
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6
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Isbrandt ES, Sullivan RJ, Newman SG. High Throughput Strategies for the Discovery and Optimization of Catalytic Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7180-7191. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Isbrandt
- Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationDepartment of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Ottawa 10 Marie-Curie Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Ryan J. Sullivan
- Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationDepartment of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Ottawa 10 Marie-Curie Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Stephen G. Newman
- Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationDepartment of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Ottawa 10 Marie-Curie Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
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7
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Isbrandt ES, Sullivan RJ, Newman SG. Hochdurchsatzstrategien zur Entdeckung und Optimierung katalytischer Reaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Isbrandt
- Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationDepartment of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Ottawa 10 Marie-Curie Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Kanada
| | - Ryan J. Sullivan
- Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationDepartment of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Ottawa 10 Marie-Curie Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Kanada
| | - Stephen G. Newman
- Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationDepartment of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Ottawa 10 Marie-Curie Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Kanada
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8
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Renom-Carrasco M, Lefort L. Ligand libraries for high throughput screening of homogeneous catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5038-5060. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00844a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This review describes different approaches to construct ligand libraries towards high throughput screening of homogeneous metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Renom-Carrasco
- Institut de Chimie de Lyon
- Laboratory C2P2 UMR 5265-CNRS-Université de Lyon 1-CPE Lyon
- 69616 Villeurbanne
- France
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9
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Swyka RA, Berkowitz DB. The In Situ Enzymatic Screening (ISES) Approach to Reaction Discovery and Catalyst Identification. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 9:285-305. [PMID: 29241292 PMCID: PMC5734113 DOI: 10.1002/cpch.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The importance of discovering new chemical transformations and/or optimizing catalytic combinations has led to a flurry of activity in reaction screening. The in situ enzymatic screening (ISES) approach described here utilizes biological tools (enzymes/cofactors) to advance chemistry. The protocol interfaces an organic reaction layer with an adjacent aqueous layer containing reporting enzymes that act upon the organic reaction product, giving rise to a spectroscopic signal. ISES allows the experimentalist to rapidly glean information on the relative rates of a set of parallel organic/organometallic reactions under investigation, without the need to quench the reactions or draw aliquots. In certain cases, the real-time enzymatic readout also provides information on sense and magnitude of enantioselectivity and substrate specificity. This article contains protocols for single-well (relative rate) and double-well (relative rate/enantiomeric excess) ISES, in addition to a colorimetric ISES protocol and a miniaturized double-well procedure. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Swyka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
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10
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Odaka T, Adachi T, Harada A, Yamaguchi H. Visualization of Chiral Binaphthyl Recognition by Atroposelective Antibodies with Thermoresponsive Polymers. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Odaka
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043
| | - Takuma Adachi
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043
| | - Akira Harada
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043
- JST-ImPACT, 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076
| | - Hiroyasu Yamaguchi
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043
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11
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Troshin K, Hartwig JF. Snap deconvolution: An informatics approach to high-throughput discovery of catalytic reactions. Science 2017; 357:175-181. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aan1568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Holmquist EF, B Keiding U, Kold-Christensen R, Salomón T, Jørgensen KA, Kristensen P, Poulsen TB, Johannsen M. ReactELISA: Monitoring a Carbon Nucleophilic Metabolite by ELISA-a Study of Lipid Metabolism. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5066-5071. [PMID: 28376300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We here present a conceptually novel reaction-based ELISA principle (ReactELISA) for quantitation of the carbon nucleophilic lipid metabolite acetoacetate. Key to the assay is the utilization of a highly chemoselective Friedländer reaction that captures and simultaneously stabilizes the nucleophilic metabolite directly in the biological matrix. By developing a bifunctional biotinylated capture probe, the Friedländer-acetoacetate adduct can be trapped and purified directly in streptavidin coated wells. Finally, we outline the selection and refinement of a highly selective recombinant antibody for specific adduct quantitation. The setup is very robust and, as we demonstrate via miniaturization for microplate format, amenable for screening of compounds or interventions that alter lipid metabolism in liver cell cultures. The assay-principle should be extendable to quantitation of other nucleophilic or electrophilic and perhaps even more reactive metabolites provided suitable capture probes and antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil F Holmquist
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University , Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ulrik B Keiding
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University , Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Kold-Christensen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University , Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Trine Salomón
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University , Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Karl Anker Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Kristensen
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas B Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mogens Johannsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University , Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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13
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Adachi T, Odaka T, Harada A, Yamaguchi H. Direct Chiral Separation of Binaphthyl Derivatives Using Atroposelective Antibodies. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Adachi
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University, Toyonaka; Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Tomoki Odaka
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University, Toyonaka; Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Akira Harada
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University, Toyonaka; Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- JST-ImPACT; Chiyoda-ku; Tokyo 100-8914 Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Yamaguchi
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University, Toyonaka; Osaka 560-0043 Japan
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14
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Zhu L, Wang W, Zhao H, Xu M, Tada S, Uzawa T, Liu M, Ito Y. A dual functional peptide carrying in vitro selected catalytic and binding activities. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:9808-12. [PMID: 26272651 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01271f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
When minimal functional sequences are used, it is possible to integrate multiple functions on a single peptide chain, like a "single stroke drawing". Here a dual functional peptide was designed by combining in vitro selected catalytic and binding activities. For catalytic activity, we performed in vitro selection for a peptide aptamer binding to hemin by using ribosome display and isolated a peptide that had peroxidase activity in the presence of hemin. By combining the selected catalytic peptide with a peptide antigen, which can be recognized by an antibody, an enzyme-antibody conjugate-like peptide was obtained. This study demonstrates a successful strategy to create dual functionalized peptide chains for use in immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhu
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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15
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Tschofen M, Knopp D, Hood E, Stöger E. Plant Molecular Farming: Much More than Medicines. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:271-94. [PMID: 27049632 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants have emerged as commercially relevant production systems for pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical products. Currently, the commercially available nonpharmaceutical products outnumber the medical products of plant molecular farming, reflecting the shorter development times and lower regulatory burden of the former. Nonpharmaceutical products benefit more from the low costs and greater scalability of plant production systems without incurring the high costs associated with downstream processing and purification of pharmaceuticals. In this review, we explore the areas where plant-based manufacturing can make the greatest impact, focusing on commercialized products such as antibodies, enzymes, and growth factors that are used as research-grade or diagnostic reagents, cosmetic ingredients, and biosensors or biocatalysts. An outlook is provided on high-volume, low-margin proteins such as industrial enzymes that can be applied as crude extracts or unprocessed plant tissues in the feed, biofuel, and papermaking industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Tschofen
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Dietmar Knopp
- Institute of Hydrochemistry, Chair for Analytical Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Hood
- Arkansas State University Biosciences Institute, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72467
| | - Eva Stöger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
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16
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Sun AL, Qi QA. Silver-functionalized g-C3N4 nanohybrids as signal-transduction tags for electrochemical immunoassay of human carbohydrate antigen 19-9. Analyst 2016; 141:4366-72. [PMID: 27183220 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00696e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A simple and feasible electrochemical immunosensing platform was developed for highly efficient screening of a disease-related protein (human carbohydrate antigen 19-9, CA 19-9 used in this case) using silver-functionalized g-C3N4 nanosheets (Ag/g-C3N4) as signal-transduction tags. Initially, Ag/g-C3N4 nanohybrids were synthesized by combining thermal polymerization of the melamine precursor with the photo-assisted reduction method. Thereafter, the as-synthesized Ag/g-C3N4 nanohybrids were utilized for the labeling of the anti-CA 19-9 detection antibody by using a typical carbodiimide coupling method. The assay was carried out on a capture antibody-modified glassy carbon electrode in a sandwich-type detection mode. The detectable signal mainly derived from the voltammetric characteristics of the immobilized nanosilver particles on the g-C3N4 nanosheets within the applied potentials. Under the optimal conditions, the voltammetric peak currents increased with the increasing amount of target CA 19-9, and exhibited a wide linear range from 5.0 mU mL(-1) to 50 U mL(-1) with a detection limit of 1.2 mU mL(-1). Our strategy also displayed good reproducibility, precision and specificity. The results of the analysis of clinical serum specimens were in good accordance with the results obtained by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The newly developed immunosensing system is promising for enzyme-free and cost-effective analysis of low-abundance proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Li Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453000, P.R. China.
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17
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18
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Tang J, Huang Y, Liu H, Zhang C, Tang D. Novel glucometer-based immunosensing strategy suitable for complex systems with signal amplification using surfactant-responsive cargo release from glucose-encapsulated liposome nanocarriers. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 79:508-14. [PMID: 26748368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Methods based on surfactant-responsive controlled release systems of cargoes from nanocontainers have been developed for bioanalytical applications, but most were utilized for drug delivery and a few reports were focused on immunoassays. Herein we design an in situ amplified immunoassay protocol for high-efficient detection of aflatoxins (aflatoxin B1, AFB1 used in this case) based on surfactant-responsive cargo release from glucose-encapsulated liposome nanocarriers with sensitivity enhancement. Initially, biotinylated liposome nanocarrier encapsulated with glucose was synthesized using a reverse-phase evaporation method. Thereafter, the nanocarrier was utilized as the signal-generation tag on capture antibody-coating microplate through classical biotin-avidin linkage after reaction with biotinylated detection antibody. Upon addition of buffered surfactant (1X PBS-Tween 20 buffer) into the medium, the surfactant immediately hydrolyzed the conjugated liposome, and released the encapsulated glucose from the nanocarriers, which could be quantitatively determined by using a low-cost personal glucometer (PGM). The detectable signal increased with the increment of target analyte. Under the optimal conditions, the assay could allow PGM detection toward target AFB1 as low as 0.6 pg mL(-1) (0.6 ppt). Moreover, the methodology also showed good reproducibility and high specificity toward target AFB1 against other mycotoxins and proteins, and was applicable for quantitatively monitoring target AFB1 in the complex systems, e.g., naturally contaminated/spiked peanut samples and serum specimens, with the acceptable results. Taking these advantages of simplification, low cost, universality and sensitivity, our design provides a new horizon for development of advanced immunoassays in future point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, PR China.
| | - Yapei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, PR China
| | - Huiqiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, PR China
| | - Cengceng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, PR China
| | - Dianping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety (Ministry of Education & Fujian Province), Institute of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, PR China.
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Xu TS, Li XY, Xie ZH, Li XG, Zhang HY. Poly(o-phenylenediamine) nanosphere-conjugated capture antibody immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode for electrochemical immunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1625-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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