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Banerjee S, Macdonald PA, Orr SA, Kennedy AR, van Teijlingen A, Robertson SD, Tuttle T, Mulvey RE. Hydrocarbon Soluble Alkali-Metal-Aluminium Hydride Surrog[ATES]. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201085. [PMID: 35811447 PMCID: PMC9804340 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of group 1 hydrocarbon-soluble donor free aluminates [AM(t BuDHP)(TMP)Al(i Bu)2 ] (AM=Li, Na, K, Rb) have been synthesised by combining an alkali metal dihydropyridyl unit [(2-t BuC5 H5 N)AM)] containing a surrogate hydride (sp3 C-H) with [(i Bu)2 Al(TMP)]. These aluminates have been characterised by X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. While the lithium aluminate forms a monomer, the heavier alkali metal aluminates exist as polymeric chains propagated by non-covalent interactions between the alkali metal cations and the alkyldihydropyridyl units. Solvates [(THF)Li(t BuDHP)(TMP)Al(i Bu)2 ] and [(TMEDA)Na(t BuDHP)(TMP)Al(i Bu)2 ] have also been crystallographically characterised. Theoretical calculations show how the dispersion forces tend to increase on moving from Li to Rb, as opposed to the electrostatic forces of stabilization, which are orders of magnitude more significant. Having unique structural features, these bimetallic compounds can be considered as starting points for exploring unique reactivity trends as alkali-metal-aluminium hydride surrog[ATES].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Banerjee
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Peter A. Macdonald
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Samantha A. Orr
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | | | - Stuart D. Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Tell Tuttle
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
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Roy MMD, Omaña AA, Wilson ASS, Hill MS, Aldridge S, Rivard E. Molecular Main Group Metal Hydrides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12784-12965. [PMID: 34450005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review serves to document advances in the synthesis, versatile bonding, and reactivity of molecular main group metal hydrides within Groups 1, 2, and 12-16. Particular attention will be given to the emerging use of said hydrides in the rapidly expanding field of Main Group element-mediated catalysis. While this review is comprehensive in nature, focus will be given to research appearing in the open literature since 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M D Roy
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Andrew S S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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Fukuda Y, Yoshinari N, Konno T. Insertion of a Hydride Ion Into a Tetrasilver(I) Cluster Covered by S-Donating Rhodium(III) Metalloligands. Inorg Chem 2020; 60:468-475. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Fukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Nobuto Yoshinari
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takumi Konno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Rad NE, Junk PC, Deacon GB, Taidakov IV, Wang J. Synthesis and Structural Characterisation of Lithium, Zinc, and Aluminium Pyrazolate Complexes. Aust J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/ch19417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of nBuLi with 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (Me2pzH) in Et2O or tmeda/hexane (tmeda=N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine) and with 3,5-dimethyl-4-nitropyrazolate (Me2pzHNO2) in THF results in the formation of three structurally diverse lithium pyrazolates: namely an Et2O-solvated tetrameric complex [Li4(Me2pz)4(OEt2)4], bridged entirely with μ-η2:η1-pyrazolate bonding, a hexanuclear complex [Li6(Me2pz)6(tmeda)2] with four different coordination modes (μ-η1:η1, μ-η2:η1, μ3-η1:η2:η1 and μ3-η2:η2:η1), and a new polymeric compound [Li2(Me2pzNO2)2(thf)2]n, with [Li2(Me2pzNO2)2(thf)2] groups linked by –NO2 coordination. A mononuclear zinc complex [Zn(tBu2pz)2(tBu2pzH)2].1/2THF (tBu2pzH=3,5-di-tert-butylpyrazole) was prepared by reaction of tBu2pzH with ZnEt2, unidentate tBu2pz groups being stabilised by N–H⋯N hydrogen bonding. Treatment of 3,5-diphenylpyrazole (Ph2pzH) with trimethylaluminium (mole ratio 3:1) in THF led to the formation of dinuclear [AlMe2(μ-Ph2pz)]2.1/2THF.
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Zhang XY, Du HZ, Zhai DD, Guan BT. Combined KH/alkaline-earth metal amide catalysts for hydrogenation of alkenes. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00383b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Breaking saline KH: The combined KH/alkaline-earth metal amide catalysts display much better catalytic activity than their components in the hydrogenation of alkenes, suggesting the degradation and activation of saline KH with the metal amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Hui-Zhen Du
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhai
- Department of chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200438
- China
| | - Bing-Tao Guan
- Department of chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200438
- China
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shunsuke Chiba
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University
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Fohlmeister L, Stasch A. Ring-Shaped Phosphinoamido-Magnesium-Hydride Complexes: Syntheses, Structures, Reactivity, and Catalysis. Chemistry 2016; 22:10235-46. [PMID: 27271460 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A series of magnesium(II) complexes bearing the sterically demanding phosphinoamide ligand, L(-) =Ph2 PNDip(-) , Dip=2,6-diisopropylphenyl, including heteroleptic magnesium alkyl and hydride complexes are described. The ligand geometry enforces various novel ring and cluster geometries for the heteroleptic compounds. We have studied the stoichiometric reactivity of [(LMgH)4 ] towards unsaturated substrates, and investigated catalytic hydroborations and hydrosilylations of ketones and pyridines. We found that hydroborations of two ketones with pinacolborane using various Mg precatalysts is very rapid at room temperature with very low catalyst loadings, and ketone hydrosilylation using phenylsilane is rapid at 70 °C. Our studies point to an insertion/σ-bond metathesis catalytic cycle of an in situ formed "MgH2 " active species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Fohlmeister
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, 17 Rainforest Walk, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Andreas Stasch
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, 17 Rainforest Walk, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia. .,School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
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Anga S, Sarazin Y, Carpentier JF, Panda TK. Alkali-Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative Couplings of Hydrosilanes with Amines. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201501356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Anga
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad; Kandi - 502 285, Sangareddy Telangana India
| | - Yann Sarazin
- Université de Rennes 1; UMR 6226 - Catalyse et Organométalliques; Bât 10C, Campus de Beaulieu - 35042 Rennes France
| | - Jean-François Carpentier
- Université de Rennes 1; UMR 6226 - Catalyse et Organométalliques; Bât 10C, Campus de Beaulieu - 35042 Rennes France
| | - Tarun K. Panda
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad; Kandi - 502 285, Sangareddy Telangana India
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Orr SA, Kennedy AR, Liggat JJ, McLellan R, Mulvey RE, Robertson SD. Accessible heavier s-block dihydropyridines: structural elucidation and reactivity of isolable molecular hydride sources. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:6234-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04224k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Transmetallation of lithiodihydropyridines with Group 1 alkoxides provides facile access to reactive MH (M = Na, K) sources, which show significant structural diversity due in part to the distinct ways that Na/K engage with the σ (green) and π (red) donor systems of the DHP ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A. Orr
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - John J. Liggat
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Ross McLellan
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Stuart D. Robertson
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
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Armstrong DR, Harris CMM, Kennedy AR, Liggat JJ, McLellan R, Mulvey RE, Urquhart MDT, Robertson SD. Developing Lithium Chemistry of 1,2-Dihydropyridines: From Kinetic Intermediates to Isolable Characterized Compounds. Chemistry 2015; 21:14410-20. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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