1
|
Bardají M, Font-Bardia M, Gallen A, Garcia-Cirera B, Ferrer M, Martínez M. Iron complexes of bridging azo ligands in aqueous solution: changes in the thermal switching mechanism on coordination and oxidation state of metal centres. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1720-1730. [PMID: 36655477 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03790d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Three azobenzenes CN(C6H4)-NN-(C5H4N) (py-iso), CN(C6H4)-NN-(C6H4)CN (cyano-iso) and CN(C6H4)-NN-(C6H4)NC (iso-iso) with good coordinating groups (pyridine, phenylcyano or phenylisocyano) at the ends of the diazenyl unit have been synthesized and fully characterised. These compounds have been used as ligands in the synthesis of water-soluble metallic species by coordination to {FeII(CN)53-} units, either in one or two of the anchoring groups of the derivatives. Both the azo derivatives and their complexes are photochemically active with respect to their trans-to-cis isomerisation process. Their cis-to-trans reverse thermal reaction has been thoroughly studied as a function of the donor groups, solvent, temperature and pressure, in order to gain insight into the rotation or inversion mechanisms involved in the process. A comparison of the isomerisation mechanism between the iron complexes and the corresponding free ligands revealed an interesting fine tuning of the process on coordination of the {FeII(CN)53-} moieties, which may even produce, in some cases, non-photoswitchable species containing typically photoactive units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Bardají
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mercè Font-Bardia
- Unitat de Difracció de RX, Centres Científics i Tecnològics de la Universitat de Barcelona (CCiTUB). Universitat de Barcelona, Solé i Sabarís 1-3, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Gallen
- Secció de Química Inorgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Beltzane Garcia-Cirera
- Secció de Química Inorgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Ferrer
- Secció de Química Inorgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. .,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez
- Secció de Química Inorgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. .,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Erdener D, Dervişoğlu G, Özdemir FA, Şerbetci Z, Özdemir N, Dayan O. A Hydrazine-Bridged Dinuclear Ruthenium Complex: Structural Properties and Biological Activity. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
3
|
Chen Y, Bai L, Zhang P, Zhao H, Zhou Q. The Development of Ru(II)-Based Photoactivated Chemotherapy Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:5679. [PMID: 34577150 PMCID: PMC8465985 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) is a novel cancer treatment method that has drawn increasing attention due to its high selectivity and low side effects by spatio-temporal control of irradiation. Compared with photodynamic therapy (PDT), oxygen-independent PACT is more suitable for treating hypoxic tumors. By finely tuning ligand structures and coordination configurations, many Ru(II) complexes can undergo photoinduced ligand dissociation, and the resulting Ru(II) aqua species and/or free ligands may have anticancer activity, showing their potential as PACT agents. In this mini-review, we summarized the progress in Ru(II)-based PACT agents, as well as challenges that researchers in this field still face.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Chen
- Research Center for Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology of Chongqing, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (L.B.); (P.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Lijuan Bai
- Research Center for Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology of Chongqing, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (L.B.); (P.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Pu Zhang
- Research Center for Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology of Chongqing, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (L.B.); (P.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hua Zhao
- Research Center for Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology of Chongqing, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (L.B.); (P.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Qianxiong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang C, Guo X, Da X, Wang Z, Wang X, Zhou Q. A Ru-anthraquinone dyad with triple functions of PACT, photoredox catalysis and PDT upon red light irradiation. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:10845-10852. [PMID: 34296720 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01088c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phototherapy for cancer treatment has received much attention in recent years, and compounds with multiple anticancer mechanisms upon irradiation are particularly appealing. In this work, a nitro-anthraquinone group was attached to a biq (2,2'-biquinoline) ligand based Ru(ii) complex, endowing the resultant Ru1 compound with multiple anticancer mechanisms upon 600 nm light irradiation. Ru1 can undergo biq ligand photodissociation, showing its potential as a photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) agent. Moreover, a Ru(iii) centre and an anthraquinone anion centre may be generated upon irradiation, which can further oxidize NADH/NADPH and generate O2˙-, successfully eliciting photoredox catalysis and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Compared to the control complex Ru2 without the nitroanthraquinone group, Ru1 exhibited much enhanced photocytotoxicity towards a series of cancer cell lines and 3D multicellular spheroids upon red light irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xusheng Guo
- Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xuwen Da
- Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhanhua Wang
- Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qianxiong Zhou
- Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Long J, Kumar D, Deo C, Retailleau P, Dubacheva GV, Royal G, Xie J, Bogliotti N. Photo-/Electroinduced Irreversible Isomerization of 2,2'-Azobispyridine Ligands in Arene Ruthenium(II) Complexes. Chemistry 2021; 27:9563-9570. [PMID: 33780046 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Novel arene RuII complexes containing 2,2'-azobispyridine ligands were synthesized and characterized by using 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy, UV/vis spectroscopy, electrochemistry, DFT calculations and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Z-configured complexes featuring unprecedented seven-membered chelate rings involving the nitrogen atom of both pyridines were isolated and were shown to undergo irreversible isomerization to the corresponding E-configured five-membered chelate complexes in response to light or electrochemical stimulus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Long
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Divyaratan Kumar
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Claire Deo
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Galina V Dubacheva
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS Département de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR5250), F38400, Grenoble, France
| | - Guy Royal
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS Département de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR5250), F38400, Grenoble, France
| | - Juan Xie
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Bogliotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun W, Jian Y, Zhou M, Yao Y, Tian N, Li C, Chen J, Wang X, Zhou Q. Selective and Efficient Photoinactivation of Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA with Little Accumulation of Drug Resistance: Application of a Ru(II) Complex with Photolabile Ligands. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7359-7370. [PMID: 34032114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Novel antibacterial agents capable of efficiently sterilizing intracellular Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) but with low cytotoxicity and low resistance development are quite appealing. In this work, three Ru(II) complexes with photolabile ligands were explored to realize such a goal. Complex 3 (5 μM) can inhibit more than 90% growth of S. aureus/MRSA that has invaded in J774A.1 cells upon visible light irradiation, being much more efficient than vancomycin. In similar conditions, negligible dark- and phototoxicity were found toward the host cells. The bactericidal activity is highly correlated with DNA covalent binding by the Ru(II) fractions generated after ligand photodissociation. Moreover, S. aureus quickly developed resistance toward vancomycin, while negligible resistance toward complex 3 even after 700 generations was obtained. These appealing results may pave a new way for fighting against intracellular antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weize Sun
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yao Jian
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mengxue Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,ACAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yishan Yao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Na Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,ACAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qianxiong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Deshpande MS, Morajkar SM, Srinivasan BR, Ahirwar MB, Deshmukh MM. Effect of the electronic structure on the robustness of ruthenium( ii) bis-phenanthroline compounds for photodissociation of the co-ligand: synthesis, structural characterization, and density functional theory study. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05921h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photodissociation of co-ligand in cis-[Ru(phen)2(L)2](PF6)2 (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, L = isoquinoline 1; phthalazine 2), upon blue light irradiation was investigated via both experimental and DFT studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mini Bharati Ahirwar
- Department of Chemistry
- Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University)
- Sagar
- India
| | - Milind M. Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry
- Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University)
- Sagar
- India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang JX, Li C, Tian H. Energy manipulation and metal-assisted photochromism in photochromic metal complex. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
9
|
Zhang WY, Banerjee S, Hughes GM, Bridgewater HE, Song JI, Breeze BG, Clarkson GJ, Coverdale JPC, Sanchez-Cano C, Ponte F, Sicilia E, Sadler PJ. Ligand-centred redox activation of inert organoiridium anticancer catalysts. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5466-5480. [PMID: 34094073 PMCID: PMC8159363 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00897d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Organometallic complexes with novel activation mechanisms are attractive anticancer drug candidates. Here, we show that half-sandwich iodido cyclopentadienyl iridium(iii) azopyridine complexes exhibit potent antiproliferative activity towards cancer cells, in most cases more potent than cisplatin. Despite their inertness towards aquation, these iodido complexes can undergo redox activation by attack of the abundant intracellular tripeptide glutathione (GSH) on the chelated azopyridine ligand to generate paramagnetic intermediates, and hydroxyl radicals, together with thiolate-bridged dinuclear iridium complexes, and liberate reduced hydrazopyridine ligand. DFT calculations provided insight into the mechanism of this activation. GS- attack on the azo bond facilitates the substitution of iodide by GS-, and leads to formation of GSSG and superoxide if O2 is present as an electron-acceptor, in a largely exergonic pathway. Reactions of these iodido complexes with GSH generate Ir-SG complexes, which are catalysts for GSH oxidation. The complexes promoted elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human lung cancer cells. This remarkable ligand-centred activation mechanism coupled to redox reactions adds a new dimension to the design of organoiridium anticancer prodrugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - George M Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - Ji-Inn Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Ben G Breeze
- Spectroscopy Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Guy J Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | | | | | - Fortuna Ponte
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria via Pietro Bucci 87036 Arcavacata di Rende Cs Italy
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria via Pietro Bucci 87036 Arcavacata di Rende Cs Italy
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun W, Boerhan R, Tian N, Feng Y, Lu J, Wang X, Zhou Q. Fluorination in enhancing photoactivated antibacterial activity of Ru(ii) complexes with photo-labile ligands. RSC Adv 2020; 10:25364-25369. [PMID: 35517482 PMCID: PMC9055273 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01806f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorination in the dppz ligand efficiently enhanced the photoactivated antibacterial activity of Ru(ii) complexes with photo-labile ligands against antibiotic-resistant bacteria both under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weize Sun
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Rena Boerhan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Na Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Yang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Jian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Qianxiong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tian N, Feng Y, Sun W, Lu J, Lu S, Yao Y, Li C, Wang X, Zhou Q. A nuclear permeable Ru(ii)-based photoactivated chemotherapeutic agent towards a series of cancer cells: in vitro and in vivo studies. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:6492-6500. [PMID: 30994660 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00441f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes which can undergo photo-induced ligand dissociation and DNA covalent binding are considered as potential photoactivated chemotherapeutic (PACT) agents. Herein four pyridine-2-sulfonate (py-SO3-) ligand based Ru(ii) complexes [Ru(N-N)2(py-SO3)]+ (1-4) were synthesized and studied. All the complexes can undergo fast py-SO3- ligand dissociation and DNA covalent binding upon visible light irradiation. However, only complex 4 exhibited high photo-induced anticancer activities towards a series of cancer cells, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values in 100-300 nM regions and phototoxicity index (PI) values of about 100. In particular, complex 4 can also kill cisplatin resistant SKOV-3 and A549 cancer cells with IC50 values in 200-400 nM regions and PI values of about 50, which should be the first report of Ru(ii) based PACT agents that are also effective towards cisplatin resistant cancer cells. Complex 4 exhibited much higher cell uptake and nuclear accumulation levels, which may be the main reasons for its high anticancer activities. The in vivo anticancer experiments indicated that complex 4 can inhibit tumor growth significantly with fewer side effects. Our results may provide guidelines for developing novel photoactivatable Ru(ii) anticancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bhatti MZ, Ali A, Duong HQ, Chen J, Rahman FU. Anticancer activity and mechanism of bis-pyrimidine based dimetallic Ru(II)(η 6-p-cymene) complex in human non-small cell lung cancer via p53-dependent pathway. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 194:52-64. [PMID: 30831390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cancer worldwide, which is related with poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy. Notably, ruthenium-based complexes have emerged as good alternative to the currently used platinum-based drugs for cancer therapy. In the present study, we synthesized a novel bis-pyrimidine based ligand 1,3-bis(2-methyl-6-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)benzene (L) and used it in the synthesis of a dimetallic Ru(II) cymene complex [(Ru(η6-p-cymene)Cl)2(1,3-bis(2-methyl-6-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)benzene)] (L-Ru). We checked the stability of this complex in solution state in D2O/DMSO‑d6 mixture and found it to be highly stable under these conditions. We determined the anticancer activity and mechanism of action of L-Ru in human NSCLC A549 and A427 by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and related biological analyses. These results revealed that L-Ru exerted a strong inhibitory effect on the cells proliferation,G0/G1-arrest, accompanied with upregulation of p53, p21, p15, cleaved Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein and downregulation of cell cycle markers. L-Ru inhibited cell migration and invasion. The mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of NSCLC induced by L-Ru was also observed followed by the increase of apoptosis regulator B-cell lymphoma 2 associated X (BAX), and activation of caspase-3/-9. The effects of L-Ru on the cell viability, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive cells and Annexin V-positive cells apoptosis induction were remarkably attenuated. This complex induced DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and cell death via caspase-dependent apoptosis involving PARP activation and induction of p53-dependent pathway. These findings suggested that this ruthenium complex might be a potential effective chemotherapeutic agent in NSCLC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Institute of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Hong-Quan Duong
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, K7/25 Quang Trung, Danang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Jiwu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Faiz-Ur Rahman
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Zhang X, Ponte F, Borfecchia E, Martini A, Sanchez-Cano C, Sicilia E, Sadler PJ. Glutathione activation of an organometallic half-sandwich anticancer drug candidate by ligand attack. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14602-14605. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06725f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations and X-ray absorption spectroscopic data suggest an unusual activation mechanism for this potent Os anticancer complex: catalytic attack by intracellular thiol glutathione on the azo bond of the chelated ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
| | - Fortuna Ponte
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università della Calabria
- Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | - Elisa Borfecchia
- Department of Chemistry
- NIS Center and INSTM Reference Center
- University of Turin
- Turin
- Italy
| | - Andrea Martini
- Department of Chemistry
- NIS Center and INSTM Reference Center
- University of Turin
- Turin
- Italy
| | | | - Emilia Sicilia
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università della Calabria
- Arcavacata di Rende
- Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Photoactivatable Ru complexes containing a Ru O bond: Photoinduced ligand dissociation and DNA damage. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
16
|
Deng Z, Gao P, Yu L, Ma B, You Y, Chan L, Mei C, Chen T. Ruthenium complexes with phenylterpyridine derivatives target cell membrane and trigger death receptors-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells. Biomaterials 2017; 129:111-126. [PMID: 28340357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Elucidation of the communication between metal complexes and cell membrane may provide useful information for rational design of metal-based anticancer drugs. Herein we synthesized a novel class of ruthenium (Ru) complexes containing phtpy derivatives (phtpy = phenylterpyridine), analyzed their structure-activity relationship and revealed their action mechanisms. The result showed that, the increase in the planarity of hydrophobic Ru complexes significantly enhanced their lipophilicity and cellular uptake. Meanwhile, the introduction of nitro group effectively improved their anticancer efficacy. Further mechanism studies revealed that, complex (2c), firstly accumulated on cell membrane and interacted with death receptors to activate extrinsic apoptosis signaling pathway. The complex was then transported into cell cytoplasm through transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis. Most of the intracellular 2c accumulated in cell plasma, decreasing the level of cellular ROS, inducing the activation of caspase-9 and thus intensifying the apoptosis. At the same time, the residual 2c can translocate into cell nucleus to interact with DNA, induce DNA damage, activate p53 pathway and enhance apoptosis. Comparing with cisplatin, 2c possesses prolonged circulation time in blood, comparable antitumor ability and importantly, much lower toxicity in vivo. Taken together, this study uncovers the role of membrane receptors in the anticancer actions of Ru complexes, and provides fundamental information for rational design of membrane receptor targeting anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lianling Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuanyuan You
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Leung Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chaoming Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
White JK, Schmehl RH, Turro C. An Overview Of Photosubstitution Reactions Of Ru(II) Imine Complexes And Their Application In Photobiology And Photodynamic Therapy. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017; 454:7-20. [PMID: 28042171 PMCID: PMC5193374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This article is a short review that presents a short review of photosubstitution reactions of Ru(II) imine complexes and illustrates their use in the development of therapeutic agents. The review begins with an overview of the photophysical behavior and common photoreactions of Ru(II) imine complexes, with select examples from the literature since the 1960s. It is followed by a more detailed picture of the application of knowledge gained over the years in the development of Ru(II) complexes for photobiology and photodynamic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K White
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | | | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zeng L, Kuang S, Li G, Jin C, Ji L, Chao H. A GSH-activatable ruthenium(ii)-azo photosensitizer for two-photon photodynamic therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1977-1980. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc10330h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first dinuclear ruthenium(ii)-azo complex was developed as a glutathione (GSH)-activatable photosensitizer for use in two-photon photodynamic therapy upon irradiation in the NIR region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leli Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Shi Kuang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Guanying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Chengzhi Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Schäfer K, Ihmels H, Porcù E, Viola G. Control of the DNA-Binding and Antiproliferative Properties of Hydroxybenzo[b]quinolizinium Derivatives with pH and Light. Chemistry 2016; 23:370-379. [PMID: 27758047 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of 8-hydroxybenzo[b]quinolizinium and 9-hydroxybenzo[b]quinolizinium with DNA are investigated in detail. Specifically, spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric titrations, thermal DNA-denaturation experiments as well as CD- and LD-spectroscopic analysis show that a pH shift by just one or two orders of magnitude has a significant impact on the interactions of the acidic ligands with the nucleic acid. Both ligands bind with high affinity to DNA at pH 6 (Kb ≈105 m-1 ). At pH 7 or 8, however, the binding interactions are much weaker because of the formation of the corresponding charge-neutral conjugate bases, the affinity to DNA of which is reduced because of the resulting lack of a positive charge. Notably, the variation of DNA affinity occurs in a range that corresponds to the fluctuations of pH values under physiological conditions, so that these ligands may be employed to target DNA in tissue with particular pH values, especially, cancer cells. The antiproliferative activity of the title compounds under different conditions is also investigated. In the absence of irradiation, both compounds show only a modest cytotoxicity toward cancer cells. However, upon irradiation, even at low UV-A doses, a significant reduction of cell viability of tumor cell lines is induced by the ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katy Schäfer
- Department Chemie-Biologie, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Heiko Ihmels
- Department Chemie-Biologie, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Elena Porcù
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Laboratorio di Oncoematologia, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Giampietro Viola
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Laboratorio di Oncoematologia, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang T, Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Wang W, Hou Y, Jiang G, Cheng X, Wang X. A ferrocenyl pyridine-based Ru(ii) arene complex capable of generating ·OH and 1O2 along with photoinduced ligand dissociation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05182k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A ferrocene modified Ru(ii) arene complex was developed to present dual activity of photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Qianxiong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Weibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanjun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Guoyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Xuexin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zheng Y, Zhou QX, Zhang YY, Li C, Hou YJ, Wang XS. Substituent effect and wavelength dependence of the photoinduced Ru–O homolysis in the [Ru(bpy)2(py-SO3)]+-type complexes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:2897-905. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03694a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Electron-withdrawing substituents on bpy ligands improve the photoinduced Ru–O homolysis in the [Ru(bpy)2(py-SO3)]+-type complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Qian-Xiong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Yang-Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Xue-Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Telleria A, Pérez-Miqueo J, Altube A, García-Lecina E, de Cózar A, Freixa Z. Azobenzene-Appended Bis-Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Bipyridyl Complexes. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ainhoa Altube
- Surfaces Division, IK4-CIDETEC, 20009, San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Abel de Cózar
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Zoraida Freixa
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|