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Abstract
AbstractGraphene as a two-dimensional material is prone to hydrocarbon contaminations, which can significantly alter its intrinsic electrical properties. Herein, we implement a facile hydrogenation-dehydrogenation strategy to remove hydrocarbon contaminations and preserve the excellent transport properties of monolayer graphene. Using electron microscopy we quantitatively characterized the improved cleanness of hydrogenated graphene compared to untreated samples. In situ spectroscopic investigations revealed that the hydrogenation treatment promoted the adsorption ofytyt water at the graphene surface, resulting in a protective layer against the re-deposition of hydrocarbon molecules. Additionally, the further dehydrogenation of hydrogenated graphene rendered a more pristine-like basal plane with improved carrier mobility compared to untreated pristine graphene. Our findings provide a practical post-growth cleaning protocol for graphene with maintained surface cleanness and lattice integrity to systematically carry a range of surface chemistry in the form of a well-performing and reproducible transistor.
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Belyaeva L, Tang C, Juurlink L, Schneider GF. Macroscopic and Microscopic Wettability of Graphene. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:4049-4055. [PMID: 33651625 PMCID: PMC8047800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between water and graphene can be probed on a macroscopic level through wettability by measuring the water contact angle and on a microscopic level through water desorption kinetic studies using surface science methods. The contact angle studies of graphene pinpointed the critical role of sample preparation and measurement conditions in assessing the wettability of graphene. So far, studies of water desorption from graphene under the conditions of ultrahigh vacuum provided superior control over the environment but disregarded the importance of sample preparation. Here, we systematically examined the effect of the morphology of the growth substrate and of the transfer process on the macroscopic and microscopic wettability of graphene. Remarkably, the macroscopic wetting transparency of graphene does not always translate into microscopic wetting transparency, particularly in the case of an atomically defined Cu(111) substrate. Additionally, subtle differences in the type of substrates significantly alter the interactions between graphene and the first monolayer of adsorbed water but have a negligible effect on the apparent macroscopic wettability. This work looks into the correlations between the wetting properties of graphene, both on the macroscopic and microscopic scales, and highlights the importance of sample preparation in understanding the surface chemistry of graphene.
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Presel F, Gijón A, Hernández ER, Lacovig P, Lizzit S, Alfè D, Baraldi A. Translucency of Graphene to van der Waals Forces Applies to Atoms/Molecules with Different Polar Character. ACS NANO 2019; 13:12230-12241. [PMID: 31589408 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphene has been proposed to be either fully transparent to van der Waals interactions to the extent of allowing switching between hydrophobic and hydrophilic behavior, or partially transparent (translucent), yet there has been considerable debate on this topic, which is still ongoing. In a combined experimental and theoretical study we investigate the effects of different metal substrates on the adsorption energy of atomic (argon) and molecular (carbon monoxide) adsorbates on high-quality epitaxial graphene. We demonstrate that while the adsorption energy is certainly affected by the chemical composition of the supporting substrate and by the corrugation of the carbon lattice, the van der Waals interactions between adsorbates and the metal surfaces are partially screened by graphene. Our results indicate that the concept of graphene translucency, already introduced in the case of water droplets, is found to hold more generally also in the case of single polar molecules and atoms, which are apolar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Presel
- Physics Department , University of Trieste , Via Valerio 2 , 34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Alfonso Gijón
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid - ICMM-CSIC) , Campus de Cantoblanco , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Eduardo R Hernández
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid - ICMM-CSIC) , Campus de Cantoblanco , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Paolo Lacovig
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , Strada Statale 14 Km 163.5 , 34149 Trieste , Italy
| | - Silvano Lizzit
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , Strada Statale 14 Km 163.5 , 34149 Trieste , Italy
| | - Dario Alfè
- Department of Earth Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy , TYC@UCL , London WC1E 6BT , United Kingdom
- London Centre for Nanotechnology , University College London , Gower Street , London WC1E 6BT , United Kingdom
- Dipartimento di Fisica Ettore Pancini , Università di Napoli Federico II , Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli , Italy
| | - Alessandro Baraldi
- Physics Department , University of Trieste , Via Valerio 2 , 34127 Trieste , Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , Strada Statale 14 Km 163.5 , 34149 Trieste , Italy
- IOM-CNR , Laboratorio TASC , AREA Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5 , 34149 Trieste , Italy
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Properties of Nitrogen/Silicon Doped Vertically Oriented Graphene Produced by ICP CVD Roll-to-Roll Technology. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous mass production of high quality vertically oriented graphene nanostructures and doping them by using an inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition (ICP CVD) is a technological problem because little is understood about their growth mechanism over enlarged surfaces. We introduce a new method that combines the ICP CVD with roll-to-roll technology to enable the in-situ preparation of vertically oriented graphene by using propane as a precursor gas and nitrogen or silicon as dopants. This new technology enables preparation of vertically oriented graphene with distinct morphology and composition on a moving copper foil substrate at a lower cost. The technological parameters such as deposition time (1–30 min), gas partial pressure, composition of the gas mixture (propane, argon, nitrogen or silane), heating treatment (1–60 min) and temperature (350–500 °C) were varied to reveal the nanostructure growth, the evolution of its morphology and heteroatom’s intercalation by nitrogen or silicon. Unique nanostructures were examined by FE-SEM microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-Ray scattering techniques. The undoped and nitrogen- or silicon-doped nanostructures can be prepared with the full area coverage of the copper substrate on industrially manufactured surface defects. Longer deposition time (30 min, 450 °C) causes carbon amorphization and an increased fraction of sp3-hybridized carbon, leading to enlargement of vertically oriented carbonaceous nanostructures and growth of pillars.
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Adsorption of alcohols on a two-dimensional SiO2 single crystal – Alcohol adsorption on silicatene. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Böttcher S, Vita H, Weser M, Bisti F, Dedkov YS, Horn K. Adsorption of Water and Ammonia on Graphene: Evidence for Chemisorption from X-ray Absorption Spectra. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3668-3672. [PMID: 28732444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
While the bonding of molecular adsorbates to graphene has so far been characterized as physisorption, our study of adsorbed ammonia and water using near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy provides unambiguous evidence for a chemical contribution to the adsorption bond. We use the situation, unique to graphene, to characterize the unoccupied valence band states of the partners in the bond on the basis of the complementary adsorbate and substrate X-ray absorption K edges. New adsorbate-induced features on the substrate (carbon) K edge are interpreted as hybrid states in terms of a simple model of chemical interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Böttcher
- Fritz Haber Institut of the Max Planck Society , 14195 Berlin, Germany
- SPECS Surface Nano Analysis GmbH , 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Vita
- Fritz Haber Institut of the Max Planck Society , 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Weser
- Fritz Haber Institut of the Max Planck Society , 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Federico Bisti
- Dipartimento di Science Fisiche e Chemiche, Università dell'Aquila , 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Yuriy S Dedkov
- Fritz Haber Institut of the Max Planck Society , 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz , 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karsten Horn
- Fritz Haber Institut of the Max Planck Society , 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Luo W, Zafeiratos S. A Brief Review of the Synthesis and Catalytic Applications of Graphene-Coated Oxides. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Luo
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC); École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); 1950 Sion Switzerland
| | - Spyridon Zafeiratos
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie; l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES); ECPM; UMR 7515; CNRS-Université de Strasbourg; 25, rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02 France
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Plšek J, Drogowska KA, Valeš V, Ek Weis J, Kalbac M. Decomposition of Fluorinated Graphene under Heat Treatment. Chemistry 2016; 22:8990-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Plšek
- Department of Low-dimensional Systems; J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.; Dolejškova 3 18223 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Anna Drogowska
- Department of Low-dimensional Systems; J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.; Dolejškova 3 18223 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Václav Valeš
- Department of Low-dimensional Systems; J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.; Dolejškova 3 18223 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Johan Ek Weis
- Department of Low-dimensional Systems; J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.; Dolejškova 3 18223 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kalbac
- Department of Low-dimensional Systems; J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.; Dolejškova 3 18223 Prague 8 Czech Republic
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Zhao Y, Wang G, Huang W, Fan X, Deng Y, Zhang J, Wei T, Duan R, Wang J, Sun L. Investigations on the wettability of graphene on a micron-scale hole array substrate. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13916c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
When graphene almost completely complies with the morphology of a SiO2 micron-scale hole array (MSHA) substrate, the effect of graphene's surface morphology to the wettability of graphene will be greatly facilitated by the regulation effect of MSHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- Semiconductor Lighting Technology Research and Development Center
- Institute of Semiconductors
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Gang Wang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Huang
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Microsystems
- Mechanical Engineering College
- Shijiazhuang 050003
- China
| | - Xiaokun Fan
- School of Mechanical Electronic & Information Engineering
- China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing)
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Ya Deng
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tongbo Wei
- Semiconductor Lighting Technology Research and Development Center
- Institute of Semiconductors
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Ruifei Duan
- Semiconductor Lighting Technology Research and Development Center
- Institute of Semiconductors
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Junxi Wang
- Semiconductor Lighting Technology Research and Development Center
- Institute of Semiconductors
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Lianfeng Sun
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
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