1
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Indurmuddam RR, Huang PC, Hong BC, Chien SY. Visible-Light-Photocatalyzed Self-Cyclopropanation Reactions of Dibenzoylmethanes for the Synthesis of Cyclopropanes. Org Lett 2024; 26:5752-5757. [PMID: 38949643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
A new self-cyclopropanation of 1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dione, leading to tetrasubstituted cyclopropane containing three contiguous stereogenic centers with high stereoselectivity, has been achieved through violet-light-emitting diode-irradiated photocatalysis, featuring both cycloaddition and a distinctive rearrangement. Diverging from conventional cyclopropanation pathways, this reaction yields a tetrasubstituted cyclopropane through unprecedented rearrangement and cascade reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pei-Chi Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan ROC
| | - Bor-Cherng Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan ROC
| | - Su-Ying Chien
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan ROC
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2
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Wang KK, Jing J, Zhou WW, Wang C, Ye JW, Zhou R, Wang TT, Wang ZY, Chen R. Divergent Synthesis of Highly Substituted Tetrahydroquinolines and Cyclopentenes via Lewis Base Catalyzed Switchable [4 + 2] and [3 + 2] Annulations of MBH-Carbonates with Activated Olefins. J Org Chem 2023; 88:5982-5996. [PMID: 37079849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
A highly selective and divergent synthesis which enabled access to various complex compounds is highly attractive in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. Herein, we developed an effective method for divergent synthesis of highly substituted tetrahydroquinolines via Lewis base catalyzed switchable annulations of Morita-Baylis-Hillman carbonates with activated olefins. The reaction displayed switchable [4 + 2] or [3 + 2] annulations via catalyst or substrate control, providing a diverse range of architectures which contained highly substituted tetrahydroquinolines or cyclopentenes with three contiguous stereocenters bearing a quaternary carbon center in high yields with excellent diastereoselectivities and regioselectivities. Furthermore, synthetic utility of this strategy was further highlighted by gram-scale experiments and simple transformations of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Kai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P. R. China
| | - Jun Jing
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P. R. China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Wei Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P. R. China
| | - Ran Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P. R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P. R. China
| | - Zhan-Yong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P. R. China
| | - Rongxiang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P. R. China
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3
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Wang K, Li Y, Shuai X, Chen R, Sun A, Wang Z. Highly efficient and diastereoselective construction of substituted pyrrolidines bearing a quaternary carbon center via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai‐Kai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Nano‐carbon Modified Film Technology Engineering of Henan Province Xinxiang University Xinxiang China
| | - Yan‐Li Li
- Medical College Xinxiang University Xinxiang China
| | | | - Rongxiang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Nano‐carbon Modified Film Technology Engineering of Henan Province Xinxiang University Xinxiang China
| | - Aili Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Nano‐carbon Modified Film Technology Engineering of Henan Province Xinxiang University Xinxiang China
| | - Zhan‐Yong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Nano‐carbon Modified Film Technology Engineering of Henan Province Xinxiang University Xinxiang China
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4
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Sansinenea E, Ortiz A. The Chemistry of Cyclopropanes and New Insight in Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Cyclopropanation. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurelio Ortiz
- Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas 14 sur y av san claudio 72570 Puebla MEXICO
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5
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Bryant LA, Shankland K, Straker HE, Johnston CD, Lees NR, Cobb AJA. Enantioselective Organocatalytic Synthesis of Bicyclic Resorcinols via an Intramolecular Friedel-Crafts-Type 1,4-Addition: Access to Cannabidiol Analogues. Adv Synth Catal 2021; 363:4067-4074. [PMID: 34594164 PMCID: PMC8457227 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The organocatalytic transformation of resorcinols is extremely rare. In this article, we report a highly enantioselective, organocatalytic intramolecular cyclization of these systems by a Friedel-Crafts-type 1,4-addition using a Jørgensen-Hayashi-like organocatalyst with a large silyl protecting group, and show that heat improves reaction yield with virtually no detriment to enantioselectivity. A variety of bicyclic resorcinols were obtained with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 94%). To show the utility of these constructs, and as part of a wider project involving the synthesis of cannabinoid-like compounds, the resorcinol formed was used to generate both 'normal' and 'abnormal' cannabidiol (CBD) derivatives which were shown to have anticonvulsant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Bryant
- Department of ChemistryKing's College London7 Trinity StreetLondonSE1 1DBUK
| | - Kenneth Shankland
- School of ChemistryFood and Pharmacy (SCFP)University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading, BerksRG6 6ADUK
| | | | - Callum D. Johnston
- Department of ChemistryKing's College London7 Trinity StreetLondonSE1 1DBUK
| | - Nicholas R. Lees
- Department of ChemistryKing's College London7 Trinity StreetLondonSE1 1DBUK
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6
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Zhang ZW, Rakesh KP, Liu J, Qin HL, Tang H. A general approach to nitrile- and sulfonyl fluoride-substituted cyclopropanes. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6021-6024. [PMID: 34160538 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01043c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Both cis and trans relative configurations of functionalized cyano cyclopropane bearing sulfonyl fluoride moiety were accessed by Corey-Chaykovsky cyclopropanation reactions. This protocol used mild conditions, and obtained good yields with excellent functional group compatibility. Further application of this class of compounds in SuFEx reactions and cyano reductions were also successfully achieved in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zai-Wei Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - K P Rakesh
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Haolin Tang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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7
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8
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Anwar A, Kerns H, Orr T, Byrd J, Fitzsimonds Z, Dunlap N. Stereoselective cyclopropanations of amino-acid derived enones. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Nemcsok T, Rapi Z, Bagi P, Oláh A, Keglevich G, Bakó P. The Synthesis of Hydrobenzoin-Based Monoaza Crown Ethers and Their Application as Recyclable Enantioselective Catalysts. Catal Letters 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-019-03013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
New recyclable monoaza-15-crown ethers have been synthesized starting from (R,R)-(+)- and (S,S)-(−)-hydrobenzoin. These macrocycles proved to be efficient and reusable phase transfer catalysts in a few asymmetric reactions under mild conditions. The asymmetric epoxidation of trans-chalcone took place with up to 81% ee, while using other chalcone derivatives, the products were formed with 68–88% ee. The hydrobenzoin-based lariat ethers were also tested in the cyclopropanation of a few electron deficient olefins using diethyl bromomalonate to afford the product with good enantioselectivities (54–75% ee). The catalysts were recovered by salt formation, followed by extraction, and were reused without the loss of the activity and effect on the enantioselectivity.
Graphic Abstract
The synthesis of hydrobenzoin-based monaza crown ethers and their application as recyclable enantioselective catalysts.
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10
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Chen L, He J. DABCO-Catalyzed Michael/Alkylation Cascade Reactions Involving α-Substituted Ammonium Ylides for the Construction of Spirocyclopropyl Oxindoles: Access to the Powerful Chemical Leads against HIV-1. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5203-5219. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Jin He
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
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11
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Enantioselective cyclopropanation of conjugated cyanosulfones using carbohydrate-based crown ether catalysts. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.130965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Fanelli R, Berta D, Földes T, Rosta E, Atkinson RA, Hofmann HJ, Shankland K, Cobb AJA. Organocatalytic Access to a cis-Cyclopentyl-γ-amino Acid: An Intriguing Model of Selectivity and Formation of a Stable 10/12-Helix from the Corresponding γ/α-Peptide. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:1382-1393. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Fanelli
- Department of Chemistry, King’s College London, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K
| | - Dénes Berta
- Department of Chemistry, King’s College London, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K
| | - Tamás Földes
- Department of Chemistry, King’s College London, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K
| | - Edina Rosta
- Department of Chemistry, King’s College London, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K
| | - Robert Andrew Atkinson
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics and Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, U.K
| | - Hans-Jörg Hofmann
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kenneth Shankland
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berks RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Alexander J. A. Cobb
- Department of Chemistry, King’s College London, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K
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13
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Liu H, Moku B, Li F, Ran J, Han J, Long S, Zha G, Qin H. Stereoselective Construction of Nitrile‐Substituted Cyclopropanes from 2‐Substituted Ethenesulfonyl Fluorides
via
Carbon‐Sulfur Bond Cleavage. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education; Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fine Chemicals; School of Chemical Engineering and PharmacyWuhan Institute of Technology 206 1st Rd Optics Valley, East Lake New Technology Development District Wuhan 430205 People's Republic of China
| | - Balakrishna Moku
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life ScienceWuhan University of Technology 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- School of EngineeringChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabing Ran
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsong Han
- School of EngineeringChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Sihui Long
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education; Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fine Chemicals; School of Chemical Engineering and PharmacyWuhan Institute of Technology 206 1st Rd Optics Valley, East Lake New Technology Development District Wuhan 430205 People's Republic of China
| | - Gao‐Feng Zha
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education; Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fine Chemicals; School of Chemical Engineering and PharmacyWuhan Institute of Technology 206 1st Rd Optics Valley, East Lake New Technology Development District Wuhan 430205 People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life ScienceWuhan University of Technology 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua‐Li Qin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life ScienceWuhan University of Technology 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
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14
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Assembling of medium/long chain-based β-arylated unnatural amino acid derivatives via the Pd(II)-catalyzed sp3 β-C-H arylation and a short route for rolipram-type derivatives. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Huo H, Jiang Y, Zhao T, Wang J, Li D, Xu X, Lin K. Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas as Efficient Nanoreactors in Cascade Reactions Preparing Cyclopropanic Derivatives. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1496-1505. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Huo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 P. R. China
| | - Yanqiu Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 P. R. China
| | - Junlei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 P. R. China
| | - Defeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 P. R. China
| | - Xianzhu Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 P. R. China
| | - Kaifeng Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 P. R. China
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16
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Stendall RT, Cobb AJ. Syntheses and applications of enantiopure δ-amino acids and their precursors. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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17
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Li J, Zheng L, Chen H, Wang L, Sun XL, Zhu J, Tang Y. Highly enantioselective cyclopropanation of trisubstituted olefins. Sci China Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-017-9200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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18
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19
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Sun GJ, Gong J, Kang Q. Chiral Rhodium(III) Complex-Catalyzed Cascade Michael-Alkylation Reactions: Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclopropanes. J Org Chem 2016; 82:796-803. [PMID: 27977929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol
and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure
of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol
and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure
of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qiang Kang
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol
and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure
of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
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20
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Duan YN, Zhang Z, Zhang C. Recyclable Hypervalent-Iodine-Mediated Dehydrogenative Cyclopropanation under Metal-Free Conditions. Org Lett 2016; 18:6176-6179. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemsitry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and
Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemsitry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and
Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemsitry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and
Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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21
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Bryant LA, Fanelli R, Cobb AJA. Cupreines and cupreidines: an established class of bifunctional cinchona organocatalysts. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:429-43. [PMID: 27340439 PMCID: PMC4901932 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinchona alkaloids with a free 6'-OH functionality are being increasingly used within asymmetric organocatalysis. This fascinating class of bifunctional catalyst offers a genuine alternative to the more commonly used thiourea systems and because of the different spacing between the functional groups, can control enantioselectivity where other organocatalysts have failed. In the main, this review covers the highlights from the last five years and attempts to show the diversity of reactions that these systems can control. It is hoped that chemists developing asymmetric methodologies will see the value in adding these easily accessible, but underused organocatalysts to their screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Bryant
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy (SCFP), University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berks RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Rossana Fanelli
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy (SCFP), University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berks RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J A Cobb
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy (SCFP), University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berks RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
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22
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Usami K, Nagasawa Y, Yamaguchi E, Tada N, Itoh A. Intermolecular Cyclopropanation of Styrenes Using Iodine and Visible Light via Carbon–Iodine Bond Cleavage. Org Lett 2015; 18:8-11. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Usami
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Nagasawa
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Eiji Yamaguchi
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tada
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Akichika Itoh
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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