1
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Křivánková N, Kaya K, van der Wijngaart W, Edlund U. Copper-mediated synthesis of temperature-responsive poly( N-acryloyl glycinamide) polymers: a step towards greener and simple polymerisation. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29099-29108. [PMID: 37800134 PMCID: PMC10548432 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04993k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive materials with reversible supramolecular networks controlled by a change in temperature are of interest in medicine, biomedicine and analytical chemistry. For these materials to become more impactful, the development of greener synthetic practices with more sustainable solvents, lower energy consumption and a reduction in metallic catalysts is needed. In this work, we investigate the polymerisation of N-acryloyl glycinamide monomer by single-electron transfer reversible-deactivation radical polymerisation and its effect on the cloud point of the resulting PNAGA polymers. We accomplished 80% conversion within 5 min in water media using a copper wire catalyst. The material exhibited a sharp upper critical solution temperature (UCST) phase transition (10-80% transition within 6 K). These results indicate that UCST-exhibiting PNAGA can be synthesized at ambient temperatures and under non-inert conditions, eliminating the cost- and energy-consuming deoxygenation step. The choice of copper wire as the catalyst allows the possibility of catalyst recycling. Furthermore, we show that the reaction is feasible in a simple vial which would facilitate upscaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Křivánková
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Stockholm 100 44 Sweden
- Digital Futures, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Stockholm 100 44 Sweden
| | - Kerem Kaya
- Intelligent Systems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Stockholm 100 44 Sweden
- Digital Futures, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Stockholm 100 44 Sweden
| | - Wouter van der Wijngaart
- Intelligent Systems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Stockholm 100 44 Sweden
- Digital Futures, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Stockholm 100 44 Sweden
| | - Ulrica Edlund
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Stockholm 100 44 Sweden
- Digital Futures, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Stockholm 100 44 Sweden
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2
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Fan Y, Bose RK, Picchioni F. Highly Branched Waxy Potato Starch-Based Polyelectrolyte: Controlled Synthesis and the Influence of Chain Composition on Solution Rheology. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Fan
- Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ranjita K. Bose
- Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Picchioni
- Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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3
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Kim J, Waldron C, Cattoz B, Becer CR. An ε-caprolactone-derived 2-oxazoline inimer for the synthesis of graft copolymers. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01092h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An inimer-like structure that consists of a 2-oxazoline ring for cationic ring opening polymerisation and a typical alpha-bromo ester initiator for Cu-RDRP has been synthesised using ε-Caprolactone as the starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
| | | | - Beatrice Cattoz
- Milton Hill Business & Technology Centre
- Infineum UK Ltd
- Abingdon
- UK
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4
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Green KA, Hoover JM. Intermediacy of Copper(I) under Oxidative Conditions in the Aerobic Copper-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Thiolation of Benzoic Acids. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry-Ann Green
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Jessica M. Hoover
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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5
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Aksakal S, Aksakal R, Becer CR. Transformation of Thioester-Initiated Star Polymers into Linear Arms via Native Chemical Ligation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900247. [PMID: 31237720 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new class of Cu-mediated polymerization initiators with thioester functionality is demonstrated and their polymerization kinetics via single-electron transfer living radical polymerization is reported. From periodic sampling, it is found that thioester- or ester-based initiators can be employed interchangeably, resulting in very similar polymerization rates. Furthermore, a multifunctional thioester initiator is employed for the preparation of a well-defined four-arm star-shaped polymer. It is further shown that the full dissociation of the star polymer into linear arms via native chemical ligation can easily be followed via size exclusion chromatography, as a result of the change in hydrodynamic volume. Finally, the obtained linear polymers are characterized via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and found to be in good agreement with the expected molecular weight distribution that confirms the successful transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Aksakal
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Resat Aksakal
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Caglar Remzi Becer
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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6
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Controlled Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate and Styrene via Cu(0)-Mediated RDRP by Selecting the Optimal Reaction Conditions. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Aksakal S, Beyer VP, Aksakal R, Becer CR. Copper mediated RDRP of thioacrylates and their combination with acrylates and acrylamides. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01518c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ethyl thioacrylate was polymerised via Cu-RDRP and subjected to amidation to obtain the first “all-acrylic” copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Aksakal
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University of London
- London
- UK
| | - Valentin P. Beyer
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University of London
- London
- UK
| | - Resat Aksakal
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University of London
- London
- UK
| | - C. Remzi Becer
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University of London
- London
- UK
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8
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Huang X, Zhou D, A S, Gao Y, Wang X, Li X, Xu Q, Greiser U, Yin G, Wang W. Star Polymers from Single-Chain Cyclized/Knotted Nanoparticles as a Core. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
- Charles Institute of Dermatology; School of Medicine and Medical Science; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Dezhong Zhou
- Charles Institute of Dermatology; School of Medicine and Medical Science; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Sigen A
- Charles Institute of Dermatology; School of Medicine and Medical Science; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Yongsheng Gao
- Charles Institute of Dermatology; School of Medicine and Medical Science; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Xi Wang
- Charles Institute of Dermatology; School of Medicine and Medical Science; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Charles Institute of Dermatology; School of Medicine and Medical Science; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Qian Xu
- Charles Institute of Dermatology; School of Medicine and Medical Science; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Udo Greiser
- Charles Institute of Dermatology; School of Medicine and Medical Science; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Guangfu Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Charles Institute of Dermatology; School of Medicine and Medical Science; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
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9
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Lligadas G, Grama S, Percec V. Single-Electron Transfer Living Radical Polymerization Platform to Practice, Develop, and Invent. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:2981-3008. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Lligadas
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
- Laboratory
of Sustainable Polymers, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic
Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Silvia Grama
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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10
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Li B, Kundu S, Zhu H, Keil H, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D, Frenking G, Andrada DM, Roesky HW. An open route to asymmetric substituted Al–Al bonds using Al(i)- and Al(iii)-precursors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:2543-2546. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00325k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An applicable synthetic pathway for asymmetric Al(ii)–Al(ii) compounds was developed using Al(iii) and Al(i) precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
| | - Subrata Kundu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Hongping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Helena Keil
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universtät Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universtät Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
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11
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Zhou D, Gao Y, A S, Xu Q, Meng Z, Greiser U, Wang W. Anticancer Drug Disulfiram for In Situ RAFT Polymerization: Controlled Polymerization, Multifacet Self-Assembly, and Efficient Drug Delivery. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:1266-1272. [PMID: 35614738 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the synthesis of a well-defined amphiphilic conjugate, tetraethylthiuram disulfide (disulfiram, DS)-poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (DS-PEGMEA), and its multifacet self-assembly in aqueous solutions and application in DS drug delivery to melanoma cells. The DS-PEGMEA was synthesized via the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization utilizing DS, a 90 year old anticancer drug, as a precursor to generate RAFT agent in situ. Results demonstrate that the in situ formed RAFT can effectively control the polymerization of PEGMEA. Depending on the concentration in aqueous solution, the amphiphilic DS-PEGMEA conjugate can self-assemble to form layered, toroidal, hairy, or spherical nanostructures, respectively. Moreover, DS drug can be further encapsulated by DS-PEGMEA to formulate core-shell structured DS/DS-PEGMEA nanoparticles mediating the apoptosis of melanoma cells (A375) while inducing minimal cytotoxicity to normal (hADSC and NIH fibroblast) cells. Both DS and PEGMEA are approved by the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA); therefore, the DS-PEGMEA has great potential for application in clinical drug delivery to melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhong Zhou
- Charles
Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yongsheng Gao
- Charles
Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sigen A
- Charles
Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Qian Xu
- Charles
Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zhao Meng
- Charles
Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Udo Greiser
- Charles
Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wenxin Wang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
- Charles
Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Pušavec Kirar E, Grošelj U, Mirri G, Požgan F, Strle G, Štefane B, Jovanovski V, Svete J. "Click" Chemistry: Application of Copper Metal in Cu-Catalyzed Azomethine Imine-Alkyne Cycloadditions. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5988-97. [PMID: 27305104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of 16 copper-catalyzed azomethine imine-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAIAC) reactions between four pyrazolidinone-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones gave the corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts as bimane analogues in very high yields. The applicability of CuAIAC was demonstrated by the fluorescent labeling of functionalized polystyrene and by using Cu-C and Cu-Fe as catalysts. Experimental evidence, kinetic measurements, and correlation between a clean catalyst surface and the reaction rate are in agreement with a homotopic catalytic system with catalytic Cu(I)-acetylide formed from Cu(0) by "in situ" oxidation. The availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, simple workup, and scalability make CuAIAC a viable supplement to the Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction in "click" chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pušavec Kirar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana , Večna Pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Grošelj
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana , Večna Pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Giorgio Mirri
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana , Večna Pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franc Požgan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana , Večna Pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Strle
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana , Večna Pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bogdan Štefane
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana , Večna Pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vasko Jovanovski
- National Institute of Chemistry , Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jurij Svete
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana , Večna Pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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13
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Jones GR, Li Z, Anastasaki A, Lloyd DJ, Wilson P, Zhang Q, Haddleton DM. Rapid Synthesis of Well-Defined Polyacrylamide by Aqueous Cu(0)-Mediated Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Glen R. Jones
- Chemistry
Department, University of Warwick, Library Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Zaidong Li
- Chemistry
Department, University of Warwick, Library Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Chemistry
Department, University of Warwick, Library Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3152, Australia
| | - Danielle J. Lloyd
- Chemistry
Department, University of Warwick, Library Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Wilson
- Chemistry
Department, University of Warwick, Library Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3152, Australia
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Chemistry
Department, University of Warwick, Library Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - David M. Haddleton
- Chemistry
Department, University of Warwick, Library Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology,
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3152, Australia
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14
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Abstract
Controlled polymerization of acrylates can be catalyzed by one of the cheapest catalysts, a 1 pence coin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Aksakal
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University of London
- London E1 4NS
- UK
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
| | - M. Resmini
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
- Queen Mary University of London
- London E1 4NS
- UK
| | - C. R. Becer
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University of London
- London E1 4NS
- UK
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15
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Enayati M, Jezorek RL, Monteiro MJ, Percec V. Ultrafast SET-LRP of hydrophobic acrylates in multiphase alcohol–water mixtures. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00353b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A multiphase SET-LRP system using thein situgenerated Cu(0) by reduction of Cu(ii)Br2with NaBH4in various alcohols containing water was developed and used for SET-LRP of hydrophobic acrylates. From left to right: a solution of methanol/water containing Cu(ii)Br2, the same solution after addition of BA and its SET-LRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Enayati
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Ryan L. Jezorek
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Michael J. Monteiro
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane QLD 4072
- Australia
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
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16
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Boyer C, Corrigan NA, Jung K, Nguyen D, Nguyen TK, Adnan NNM, Oliver S, Shanmugam S, Yeow J. Copper-Mediated Living Radical Polymerization (Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Copper(0) Mediated Polymerization): From Fundamentals to Bioapplications. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1803-949. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Boyer
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Alan Corrigan
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Kenward Jung
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Diep Nguyen
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Thuy-Khanh Nguyen
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Nik Nik M. Adnan
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Susan Oliver
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Sivaprakash Shanmugam
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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